{"schemaVersion":1,"generatedAt":"2026-10-13T19:56:59.255Z","families":[{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"roots","name":"Roots","summary":"The styles that came before house, techno and drum & bass and shaped their sound.","order":1,"color":"#8d8d96"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"house","name":"House","summary":"A family of four-to-the-floor dance music that began in Chicago in the early 1980s and spread worldwide.","order":2,"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"techno","name":"Techno","summary":"A family of machine-made dance music that began in Detroit in the 1980s and grew worldwide.","order":3,"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"dnb","name":"Drum & Bass","summary":"A fast British dance music family built on heavy bass and broken, syncopated drum breaks.","order":4,"color":"#39c26e"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"trance","name":"Trance","summary":"A family of melodic electronic dance music built on long, euphoric builds and breakdowns.","order":5,"color":"#a06cd5"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"hardcore","name":"Hardcore","summary":"A family of fast, hard electronic dance music built on distorted kicks, high tempos and rave energy.","order":6,"color":"#d64545"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"hard-dance","name":"Hard Dance","summary":"A family of fast, hard club styles such as hard house, hard trance, hardstyle and eurodance.","order":7,"color":"#e8892b"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"breakbeat","name":"Breakbeat","summary":"A family of dance music built on syncopated, sampled drum loops rather than a straight four-to-the-floor beat.","order":8,"color":"#2f9e8f"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"uk-bass","name":"UK Bass","summary":"A family of British club music that grew from UK garage into garage, bassline, dubstep, grime and bass music.","order":9,"color":"#c4519e"}],"genres":[{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"big-beat","name":"Big Beat","aliases":[],"family":"breakbeat","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1995,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1996,"peakEnd":1999},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"Brighton","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":100,"max":140,"typical":120},"summary":"Sample-heavy, rock-tempo breaks made for big rooms and charts.","history":"Big beat is a British term for a loud, sample-heavy type of electronic music [s1]. It uses heavy breakbeats and synthesizer loops from acid house and techno [s1]. It also uses loops from 1960s and 1970s funk, soul, jazz and rock songs [s1]. Tracks often include punk-style vocals or rap [s1]. They use drops, builds, drum rolls, sirens and film samples [s1]. The tempo is usually 100 to 140 beats per minute [s1]. This is slower than jungle and drum and bass [s1]. The style was named by the British music press [s1]. It had its commercial peak between 1995 and 1999 [s1]. The Chemical Brothers, Fatboy Slim, The Prodigy and the Crystal Method were the well-known acts [s1][s2]. Fatboy Slim's album You've Come a Long Way, Baby was a worldwide hit [s1]. Big beat appeared in many advertisements and films [s1]. Its popularity fell quickly after 2001 [s1].","sound":["Heavy, distorted breakbeats","Big funk and rock samples","Loud, compressed drums","Sirens, horns and film samples","A tempo slower than jungle"],"figures":[{"name":"The Chemical Brothers","role":"British duo central to big beat","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Fatboy Slim","role":"British producer behind big beat hits","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"The Prodigy","role":"British group that mixed big beat with punk and rave","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"The Crystal Method","role":"American duo in the big beat style","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Skint Records","city":"Brighton","founded":1995,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Virgin Records","city":"London","founded":1972,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"XL Recordings","city":"London","founded":1989,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"The Chemical Brothers","title":"Block Rockin' Beats","year":1997,"label":"Virgin Records","catalogNumber":"CHEMSLH 5","why":"A big beat record that topped charts and defined the style.","evidence":["s1","s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/104578-The-Chemical-Brothers-Block-Rockin-Beats","youtube":{"id":"iTxOKsyZ0Lw","channel":"ChemicalBrothersVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"0kMfTYPzSnI","channel":"The Chemical Brothers - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Fatboy Slim","title":"The Rockafeller Skank","year":1998,"label":"Skint Records","catalogNumber":"SkINT 35cD RADIO","why":"A big beat hit built from loud, compressed breakbeats.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/14760373-Fatboy-Slim-The-Rockafeller-Skank","youtube":{"id":"FMrIy9zm7QY","channel":"Fatboy Slim","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"EaEkcwFANs0","channel":"Fatboy Slim","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"The Prodigy","title":"Firestarter","year":1996,"label":"XL Recordings","catalogNumber":"XLC 70","why":"A hit that carried big beat and rave energy into the charts.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/170803-Prodigy-Firestarter","youtube":{"id":"wmin5WkOuPw","channel":"The Prodigy","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"DO02QXn-n5M","channel":"The Prodigy - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"breakbeat","type":"evolved_from","note":"Big beat is a loud, chart-facing form of breakbeat.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hip-hop-breaks","type":"influenced","note":"Its samples come largely from hip hop and funk breaks.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"breakbeat-hardcore","type":"influenced","note":"It shares the rave energy of early breakbeat hardcore.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Big beat","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_beat","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"In Defense of Big Beat, the Annoying 90s Music Genre That Snobs Love to Hate","author":null,"publisher":"Vice","year":null,"url":"https://www.vice.com/en/article/big-beat-history-influence-prodigy-fatboy-slim","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#2f9e8f"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"breakbeat","name":"Breakbeat","aliases":["Breaks"],"family":"breakbeat","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1987,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1997,"peakEnd":2006},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"Orlando","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":110,"max":175,"typical":135},"summary":"Club music built on a sampled, syncopated funk drum loop.","history":"Breakbeat is a broad type of electronic music built on drum breaks [s1][s4]. A break is a short drum section taken from a funk, jazz or R&B record [s1]. The well-known is the Amen break from 'Amen, Brother' by The Winstons [s1]. In the 1970s, hip hop DJs such as Kool Herc played these breaks on two turntables to make them longer [s1]. Samplers later made it easy to cut, loop and change breaks [s1]. Breakbeat music usually sits between 110 and 175 beats per minute [s1]. This lets DJs mix it with many other styles [s1]. In the 1980s and 1990s, breakbeats became the base for hip hop, jungle, drum and bass, big beat and UK garage [s1]. Bomb the Bass's 'Beat Dis' from 1987 was an early British hit built from samples [s1]. In the 1990s, the American state of Florida developed its own breaks sound [s2]. Later, British producers made a new, more technical version called nu skool breaks [s3]. Breakbeat is still used in pop music today [s1].","sound":["A syncopated, sampled drum loop","Heavy, rolling basslines","Samples from funk and soul records","A tempo range from slow to fast","A less strict four-to-the-floor beat"],"figures":[{"name":"Bomb the Bass","role":"British act behind an early sample-based breakbeat hit","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"DJ Icey","role":"American DJ central to Florida breaks","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Rennie Pilgrem","role":"British DJ who helped name nu skool breaks","sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Adam Freeland","role":"British DJ linked to nu skool breaks","sourceRefs":["s3"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Finger Lickin' Records","city":"London","founded":1998,"sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Freskanova","city":"London","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Zone Records","city":"Orlando","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Bomb the Bass","title":"Beat Dis","year":1987,"label":"Mister-Ron","catalogNumber":"DOOD 121","why":"An early British hit built from sampled breaks.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/22829537-Bomb-The-Bass-Beat-Dis","youtube":{"id":"W6CJmJ5p3Ow","channel":"BombTheBassVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"mHh5rDcQKhQ","channel":"Louis Ray","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Freestylers","title":"B-Boy Stance","year":1998,"label":"Freskanova","catalogNumber":"FNT7","why":"A breakbeat track that became a big-beat era anthem.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2947166-Freestylers-B-Boy-Stance","youtube":{"id":"hxScb8i9hoE","channel":"Freestylers - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"2_2lPmRRGjs","channel":"Dong Bo Wei","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Plump DJs","title":"The Push","year":2000,"label":"Finger Lickin' Records","catalogNumber":"FLR.016","why":"A nu skool breaks track that became a club standard.","evidence":["s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/12950019-Plump-DJs-The-Push-Remember-My-Name","youtube":{"id":"83HA9rdBAb8","channel":"Plump DJs - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"WXtKVSkQzIM","channel":"VAL music","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"hip-hop-breaks","type":"evolved_from","note":"Breakbeat grew from the hip hop use of funk drum breaks.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"electro","type":"influenced","note":"Early breakbeat borrowed the drum machines and synths of electro.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"funk-boogie","type":"influenced","note":"Its samples come mostly from funk and boogie records.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Breakbeat","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakbeat","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Florida breaks","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_breaks","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Nu skool breaks","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nu_skool_breaks","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s4","title":"Breakbeat - the genre bible: history, artists and scenes","author":null,"publisher":"Optimal Breaks","year":null,"url":"https://www.optimalbreaks.com/en","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#2f9e8f"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"breakstep","name":"Breakstep","aliases":["Breakstep Garage","Breakbeat Garage"],"family":"breakbeat","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1999,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2001,"peakEnd":2005},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":130,"max":140,"typical":136},"summary":"A short-lived London mix of breaks and early dubstep bass.","history":"Breakstep, or breakbeat garage, came from the UK garage scene [s1][s2]. It also influenced the rise of dubstep [s1]. The style grew out of 2-step garage [s1]. It dropped the soulful parts of garage [s1]. It used slower drum and bass basslines [s1]. The shuffle of 2-step was replaced by a straight breakbeat pattern [s1]. The style broke through in 1999 with DJ Dee Kline's 'I Don't Smoke' [s1]. The record sold 15,000 copies before it was licensed to a major label [s1]. It reached number 11 in the UK chart in 2000 [s1]. DJ Zinc's '138 Trek' mixed drum and bass with UK garage tempo [s1]. The club night Forward in London hosted producers such as Zed Bias and Oris Jay [s1]. Breaks producers such as DJ Distance were also involved [s1]. Breakstep was short-lived, but its sound fed into early dubstep [s1]. It is remembered as a bridge between garage and dubstep [s1].","sound":["A straight breakbeat instead of 2-step shuffle","Downtempo drum and bass basslines","A darker, less soulful mood","UK garage tempo around 136 beats per minute","Heavy sub-bass"],"figures":[{"name":"DJ Dee Kline","role":"Producer behind the breakstep breakthrough record","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"DJ Zinc","role":"Drum and bass producer who made a breakstep hit","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Zed Bias","role":"Producer linked to the Forward club night","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Oris Jay","role":"Producer also known as Darqwan","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Rat Records","city":"London","founded":1999,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Hotflush Recordings","city":"London","founded":2003,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Destructive Recordings","city":"London","founded":2004,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"DJ Dee Kline","title":"I Don't Smoke","year":1999,"label":"Rat Records","catalogNumber":"RAT 001","why":"The record that broke breakstep into the UK charts.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1959987-DJ-Deekline-Pixie-I-Dont-Smoke-EP","youtube":{"id":"20ZAXM-WoyA","channel":"Deekline - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"5-s32ESIR-4","channel":"SLURofMeltaway","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Search & Destroy","title":"Killamanjaro","year":2005,"label":"Destructive Recordings","catalogNumber":"DST 002","why":"A breakstep track from a duo in the early dubstep scene.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/554856-Search-Destroy-Espionage-Killamanjaro","youtube":{"id":"7pw7PmWpbbE","channel":"moket123","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"0g4KjncD65g","channel":"needstobeheard","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Toasty","title":"The Knowledge","year":2004,"label":"Hotflush Recordings","catalogNumber":"HF 006","why":"A breakstep record that helped shape the sound of early dubstep.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1514814-Toasty-The-Knowledge-Like-Sun","youtube":{"id":"g-pLVMQxS54","channel":"Hotflush Recordings","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"nE8PwvaVMLU","channel":"Hotflush Recordings","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"uk-garage","type":"evolved_from","note":"Breakstep grew from the 2-step UK garage sound.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"nu-skool-breaks","type":"influenced","note":"It shared the broken beats of the UK breaks scene.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"drum-and-bass","type":"influenced","note":"Its basslines came from downtempo drum and bass.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Breakstep","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakstep","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Energy Flash: A Journey Through Rave Music and Dance Culture","author":"Simon Reynolds","publisher":"Soft Skull Press","year":2013,"url":null,"type":"book","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Breakstep was short-lived and its boundary with early dubstep is not fixed. The plan's link to dubstep is not used yet because dubstep is added in batch 11; `uk-garage` is used as the root instead."],"color":"#2f9e8f"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"broken-beat","name":"Broken Beat","aliases":["Bruk"],"family":"breakbeat","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1997,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2000,"peakEnd":2008},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":120,"max":135,"typical":128},"summary":"Jazz- and soul-inflected broken rhythms from West London.","history":"Broken beat is a form of electronic dance music that began in the late 1990s [s1]. It is also called bruk [s1]. The music has syncopated, choppy rhythms instead of a straight four-to-the-floor beat [s1]. It often uses female vocals and sounds from 1970s jazz-funk [s1]. It is influenced by house, drum and bass, hip hop, techno, acid jazz and R&B [s1]. It uses samplers, analogue synthesizers and live instruments [s1]. The style appeared in West London and is sometimes called 'West London' [s1]. Bugz in the Attic and IG Culture were pioneers [s1]. The 4hero album Two Pages was important to the new sound [s1]. The music mixes funk, soul and hip hop with abstract drum and bass [s1]. Producers such as Kaidi Tatham and Seiji became well known [s2]. Club nights such as Co-op and Plastic People hosted the scene [s1]. Broken beat is different from breakbeat: it is a jazz and soul scene, not a rave style [s2].","sound":["Syncopated, choppy drum patterns","Jazz-funk chords and live instruments","Soulful female vocals","A warm, complex mix","No strict four-to-the-floor beat"],"figures":[{"name":"Bugz in the Attic","role":"West London collective central to broken beat","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"IG Culture","role":"Producer linked to the start of the scene","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"4hero","role":"Drum and bass act whose album shaped the sound","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Kaidi Tatham","role":"Multi-instrumentalist and producer in the scene","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Reinforced Records","city":"London","founded":1989,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"People Music","city":"London","founded":1997,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Bitasweet","city":"London","founded":1997,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"4hero","title":"Escape That","year":1998,"label":"Talkin' Loud","catalogNumber":"TLXX 38","why":"An early broken beat record from the act that shaped the sound. This upload is the New Sector Movements remix.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/55317-4hero-Escape-That","youtube":{"id":"Y6YOuKOJvAo","channel":"4hero - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"OWv00_vRZ5A","channel":"Charles The Quiet One Percy","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Bugz in the Attic","title":"Happy Days","year":2001,"label":"Bitasweet","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A song from the West London collective at the centre of broken beat.","evidence":["s1","s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Bugz+in+the+Attic+Happy+Days&type=release","youtube":{"id":"W5e0W2rwxMA","channel":"FLG Music","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"otXefN3J8WE","channel":"GlubHouse","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"New Sector Movements","title":"Groove Now","year":1997,"label":"People Music","catalogNumber":"PEOPLE 2","why":"An early record often named as a starting point of broken beat.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1972147-New-Sector-Movements-Groove-Now-New-Goya","youtube":{"id":"ls1FRm48v8Y","channel":"woodytube","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"VqrSForreh0","channel":"Cosmic Messenger","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"drum-and-bass","type":"evolved_from","note":"Broken beat grew from the abstract side of drum and bass.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"garage-house","type":"influenced","note":"Its soulful vocals and warm chords come from garage and soulful house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"jungle","type":"influenced","note":"Its broken rhythms come partly from jungle.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Broken beat","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broken_beat","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Charting the Evolution of West London's Broken Beat Sound","author":null,"publisher":"Bandcamp Daily","year":null,"url":"https://daily.bandcamp.com/scene-report/west-london-broken-beat-feature","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Broken beat is often confused with breakbeat. The difference given here is that broken beat is a West London jazz, soul and funk scene."],"color":"#2f9e8f"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"chemical-breaks","name":"Chemical Breaks","aliases":["Melbourne Breaks"],"family":"breakbeat","isMarketingLabel":true,"era":{"start":2000,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2002,"peakEnd":2008},"origins":[{"city":"Melbourne","country":"Australia"},{"city":"Perth","country":"Australia"}],"bpm":{"min":125,"max":140,"typical":132},"summary":"The Australian breaks scene and its progressive, big-room sound.","history":"Chemical breaks is a name used for the Australian breaks scene of the 2000s [s1]. It is also called Melbourne breaks [s1]. The music is breakbeat with a large, progressive and melodic sound [s1]. It often mixes breaks with progressive house and trance [s1]. The tempo is usually between 125 and 140 beats per minute [s1]. Australian DJs such as Kid Kenobi released popular breaks compilations [s2]. The act Infusion made melodic records that were played around the world [s2]. The group Nubreed released the breaks album The Original in 2003 [s2]. Festivals such as Breakfest in Perth helped keep the scene alive [s1]. The Australian scene was strong enough to support its own labels and tours [s1]. The name 'chemical breaks' is not used by all producers [s1]. It is mainly a regional and marketing name for the Australian form of the sound [s1]. The scene also had its own radio shows and club nights [s1].","sound":["A big, progressive breakbeat sound","Melodic synthesizer leads","Long build-ups and breakdowns","A tempo around 130 beats per minute","Fewer samples than big beat"],"figures":[{"name":"Kid Kenobi","role":"Australian breaks DJ behind popular compilations","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Infusion","role":"Australian act with melodic breaks records","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Nubreed","role":"Australian breaks group behind The Original","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Phil K","role":"Australian DJ in the breaks scene","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Omnis Recordings","city":"Melbourne","founded":2001,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Ministry of Sound Australia","city":"Sydney","founded":1999,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"TCR","city":"London","founded":1995,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Infusion","title":"Girls Can Be Cruel","year":2004,"label":"Omnis Recordings","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A melodic Australian breaks record that reached a wide audience.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/347032-Infusion-Girls-Can-Be-Cruel","youtube":{"id":"R_uJ2_njGgU","channel":"infusionVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"VcFcpbXm2ww","channel":"Infusion - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Infusion","title":"Daylight Hours","year":2001,"label":"Omnis Recordings","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early Australian breaks track from the same act.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Infusion+Daylight+Hours&type=release","youtube":{"id":"RdmQubBSeZc","channel":"Infusion - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"Nubreed","title":"The Original","year":2003,"label":"Mob Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A track from the Australian breaks album The Original.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/238841-NuBreed-The-Original","youtube":null,"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"breakbeat","type":"regional_variant","note":"Chemical breaks is the Australian form of breakbeat.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"nu-skool-breaks","type":"influenced","note":"It takes its modern, technical sound from nu skool breaks.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Breakbeat - the genre bible: history, artists and scenes","author":null,"publisher":"Optimal Breaks","year":null,"url":"https://www.optimalbreaks.com/en","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Breakbeat","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakbeat","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"low","openQuestions":["Chemical breaks is a weak, regional name with little formal writing. The Nubreed track has no verified single upload and its `youtube` is null. Proposal: the editor may prefer to merge chemical-breaks into nu-skool-breaks or treat it as a marketing label."],"color":"#2f9e8f"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"florida-breaks","name":"Florida Breaks","aliases":["Miami Breaks","Orlando Breaks","The Orlando Sound"],"family":"breakbeat","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1989,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1993,"peakEnd":1999},"origins":[{"city":"Orlando","country":"United States"},{"city":"Tampa","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":125,"max":140,"typical":132},"summary":"A fast, bass-heavy American breaks sound from central Florida.","history":"Florida breaks is a form of breakbeat dance music from central Florida [s1]. It is also called the Orlando Sound or simply the breaks [s1]. The style draws on hip hop, Miami bass and electro [s1]. It often samples jazz and funk beats from rare records or films [s1]. Vocals are common [s1]. The music is faster and more syncopated than the hip hop it comes from [s1]. It has a heavy, constant bassline [s1]. Tracks often slow down into complex drum patterns and then rebuild [s1]. The style appeared in the late 1980s at the Beacham Theatre in Orlando [s1]. It became popular in the local underground scene from about 1989 to 1992 [s1]. In 1993 it spread across Florida and then further [s1]. DJ Icey and Baby Anne became well-known names [s2]. The sound was marketed internationally as 'Orlando friendly' [s1]. Its popularity fell after 2000, but it stayed strong in central Florida [s1].","sound":["A heavy, rolling bassline","Fast, syncopated breaks","Sampled funk and film beats","Singing or rapped vocal samples","A happy, energetic mood"],"figures":[{"name":"DJ Icey","role":"Pioneer of the Florida breaks sound","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Eddie Pappa","role":"Early Orlando DJ linked to the style","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"DJ Baby Anne","role":"Florida breaks DJ and producer","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Rabbit in the Moon","role":"Florida electronic act that worked in breaks","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Zone Records","city":"Orlando","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Hallucination Recordings","city":"Tampa","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Moonshine Music","city":"Los Angeles","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"DJ Icey","title":"Tricks Theme","year":1994,"label":"Zone Records","catalogNumber":"Zone 036","why":"An early Florida breaks record from the scene's well-known DJ.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/38626-DJ-Icey-Tricks-Theme-Listen-To-The-Beat","youtube":{"id":"_mr0m_fYSqI","channel":"TRIP HOP Mix","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"0kLPKOXEPTM","channel":"Ricardo Alves Deejay","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Rabbit in the Moon","title":"FLooRi.D.A. (LunaSol's Sub-Aqua Mix)","year":1997,"label":"Hallucination Recordings","catalogNumber":"HALCD 3002","why":"A Florida breaks record that shows the local sound. This is the LunaSol remix, the well-known version.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1118007-Rabbit-In-The-Moon-FLooRiDA","youtube":{"id":"3x0WBTw5JUA","channel":"Probable Cauz Breaks","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"r1UrD_IZDK4","channel":"Probable Cauz Breaks","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"DJ Baby Anne","title":"She Said","year":1999,"label":"Zone Records","catalogNumber":"ZONE 035","why":"A record from a leading woman DJ of the Florida breaks scene.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/13331197-DJ-Baby-Anne-She-Said","youtube":{"id":"AEcH0RnzEPs","channel":"Cold Breakz","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"breakbeat","type":"regional_variant","note":"Florida breaks is the Floridian form of breakbeat music.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"electro","type":"influenced","note":"It takes its drum-machine sound from electro and Miami bass.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hip-hop-breaks","type":"influenced","note":"Its sampled beats come from hip hop and funk.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Florida breaks","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_breaks","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Florida Breaks in the 1990s: Beats Get Sleazy in the Weirdo Armpit of America","author":null,"publisher":"Vice","year":null,"url":"https://www.vice.com/en/article/florida-breaks-in-the-1990s-beats-get-sleazy-in-the-weirdo-armpit-of-america","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["The 'LunaSol's Sub-Aqua Mix' of 'FLooRi.D.A.' is used because no verified original upload was found; the original release should be checked. First-release years for the tracks should be confirmed on Discogs."],"color":"#2f9e8f"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"nu-skool-breaks","name":"Nu-Skool Breaks","aliases":["Nu Breaks"],"family":"breakbeat","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1998,"startApprox":false,"peakStart":1999,"peakEnd":2005},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":125,"max":140,"typical":132},"summary":"A British breaks revival with technical, modern sounds and a strong bassline.","history":"Nu skool breaks is a British form of breakbeat that began between 1998 and 2002 [s1][s2]. It is also called nu breaks [s1]. The music sounds more abstract and technical than older breaks [s1]. It uses modern synthesizers, effects and computers [s1]. It takes in sounds from UK garage, electro and drum and bass [s1]. Tracks usually run between 125 and 140 beats per minute [s1]. A strong bassline is a key part of the sound [s1]. Unlike big beat, it uses fewer hip hop and acid samples [s1]. It focuses on new electronic sounds and on dancing [s1]. The name is often credited to Rennie Pilgrem and Adam Freeland [s1]. They used it at their London club night Friction, which began in 1996 [s1]. Early labels included Botchit & Scarper, TCR, Marine Parade and Finger Lickin' [s1]. Stanton Warriors and the Plump DJs became well-known acts [s1]. The style is still played by breaks DJs today [s1].","sound":["A dominant, rolling bassline","Technical, modern drum edits","Fewer rock or hip hop samples than big beat","Sounds from garage, electro and drum and bass","A tempo around 130 beats per minute"],"figures":[{"name":"Rennie Pilgrem","role":"British DJ credited with naming the style","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Adam Freeland","role":"British DJ linked to the name and scene","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Stanton Warriors","role":"British breaks act","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Plump DJs","role":"British breaks duo","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Botchit & Scarper","city":"London","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"TCR","city":"London","founded":1995,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Marine Parade","city":"Brighton","founded":1999,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Finger Lickin' Records","city":"London","founded":1998,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Stanton Warriors","title":"Da Antidote","year":2001,"label":"Mob Records","catalogNumber":"none","why":"A nu skool breaks anthem from a leading British act.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/5612084-Stanton-Warriors-Da-Antidote","youtube":{"id":"p8QEMNgiwfY","channel":"Stanton Warriors - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"FyocNqKJgSs","channel":"Hallucinogen","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Rennie Pilgrem","title":"Defender","year":2001,"label":"TCR","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A record by the DJ credited with naming nu skool breaks.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2036368-Rennie-Pilgrem-Defender","youtube":{"id":"ThV4LrdGAx8","channel":"Tone Arm","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"vY-KiHKelG8","channel":"FR4NP3","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"A. Skillz & Krafty Kuts","title":"Gimme the Breaks","year":2003,"label":"Finger Lickin' Records","catalogNumber":"FLR042","why":"A breaks track that became a party anthem of the era.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/189381-ASkillz-And-Krafty-Kuts-Gimme-The-Breaks-TrickaTechnology","youtube":{"id":"kbHG94Z73yY","channel":"A. Skillz - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"yood7t4FlRc","channel":"BlaquePlaque","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"breakbeat","type":"evolved_from","note":"Nu skool breaks is a modern British form of breakbeat.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"big-beat","type":"influenced","note":"It reacted against big beat by using fewer samples and new sounds.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"drum-and-bass","type":"influenced","note":"Its detailed drum edits come partly from drum and bass.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Nu skool breaks","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nu_skool_breaks","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Breakbeat - the genre bible: history, artists and scenes","author":null,"publisher":"Optimal Breaks","year":null,"url":"https://www.optimalbreaks.com/en","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Some writers use 'nu skool breaks' for all breaks after 1998; others limit it to the London sound of 1998-2002."],"color":"#2f9e8f"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"atmospheric-dnb","name":"Atmospheric Drum and Bass","aliases":["Intelligent drum and bass","Intelligent DnB","Atmospheric jungle"],"family":"dnb","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1993,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1995,"peakEnd":1999},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":160,"max":175,"typical":170},"summary":"A calm, melodic form of drum and bass with soft chords and long, floating pads.","history":"Atmospheric drum and bass appeared in the early 1990s as a calm answer to the darker jungle sound [s1]. Producers softened the drums and added long chords, called pads, and gentle melodies [s1]. LTJ Bukem was the central figure, and his labels Good Looking and Looking Good released much of the music [s1][s2]. His track 'Horizons' (1995) is one of the widely known examples [s1]. Adam F's 'Circles' (1995) used a soulful sample and became a much-loved record [s1]. PFM's 'The Western' (1995) was another important track on Good Looking [s2]. The style was also called intelligent drum and bass, though some producers disliked that name [s1]. It was popular for listening at home as well as in clubs [s2]. Labels such as Good Looking released compilations that collected the style's most popular tracks. The sound was played on specialist radio shows and at calm club nights [s1]. Some of its tracks became favourites for home listening [s2].","sound":["Soft, rolling breakbeats","Long, warm synthesizer pads","Gentle melodies and soulful samples","Deep but calm bass","A spacious, dreamy atmosphere"],"figures":[{"name":"LTJ Bukem","role":"DJ, producer and founder of Good Looking Records","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Adam F","role":"British producer behind 'Circles'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"PFM","role":"British duo behind 'The Western'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Fabio","role":"DJ who championed the atmospheric sound","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Good Looking Records","city":"London","founded":1991,"sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Looking Good Records","city":"London","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"F-Jams","city":"London","founded":1995,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"LTJ Bukem","title":"Horizons","year":1995,"label":"Looking Good Records","catalogNumber":"LGR001","why":"One of the best-known atmospheric drum and bass records.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1527458-LTJ-Bukem-Horizons-Rainfall","youtube":{"id":"omJuxrA5NhM","channel":"mb7891","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"vz1iMHHE4yo","channel":"skunk-e-1","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Adam F","title":"Circles","year":1995,"label":"F-Jams","catalogNumber":"12FJDJ 002","why":"A much-loved atmospheric drum and bass record built on a soulful sample.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/581460-Adam-F-Circles","youtube":{"id":"BTZAQlr6ZZc","channel":"unsound","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"1dUi19BDzbg","channel":"ADAM F","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"PFM","title":"The Western","year":1995,"label":"Good Looking Records","catalogNumber":"GLR012","why":"An important atmospheric record on the scene's central label.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1700924-PFM-The-Western-Hypnotising","youtube":{"id":"i1N-59zxdbc","channel":"Richard Longhurst","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"hqFFjCi9wQE","channel":"Richard Longhurst","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"jungle","type":"evolved_from","note":"Atmospheric drum and bass grew from jungle but softened its sound.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"ambient","type":"influenced","note":"Its long pads and calm atmosphere come from ambient music.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"drum-and-bass","type":"regional_variant","note":"It is the calm, melodic wing of drum and bass.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"An introduction to LTJ Bukem in 10 records","author":null,"publisher":"The Vinyl Factory","year":null,"url":"https://www.thevinylfactory.com/features/an-introduction-to-ltj-bukem-in-10-records","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Good Looking Records","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Looking_Records","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":["https://learningtodj.com/blog/btd006-homemade-weapons/","https://learningtodj.com/blog/btd011-comfort-zone/"],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["The name intelligent drum and bass was disliked by some producers and is now used less often."],"color":"#39c26e"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"breakbeat-hardcore","name":"Breakbeat Hardcore","aliases":["Hardcore","Rave hardcore","Breakbeat rave"],"family":"dnb","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1990,"startApprox":false,"peakStart":1991,"peakEnd":1993},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":130,"max":150,"typical":140},"summary":"A fast, colourful British rave style that mixed breakbeats, piano riffs and sampled vocals.","history":"Breakbeat hardcore grew out of the British rave scene at the start of the 1990s [s1]. Producers took the fast, chopped drum breaks of hip hop and added piano riffs, sirens and cheerful vocal samples [s1]. The music was played at large illegal parties and became the sound of the early rave years [s1]. Lennie De Ice's 'We Are I.E.' (1991) is often named as the record that set the pattern [s1]. The Prodigy's 'Charly' (1991) became a chart hit and brought the style to a huge audience [s1]. Sonz of a Loop da Loop Era's 'Far Out' (1991) was another well-known rave record [s1]. The mood was often happy and energetic, and the tracks were full of sudden changes [s2]. By 1993 the style had split into two directions: the darker jungle sound and the faster happy hardcore sound [s1][s2]. The records were often pressed in small amounts and sold in specialist shops. Many of the tracks used samples from soul, funk and reggae records [s2].","sound":["Fast, chopped breakbeats","Loud piano riffs and stabs","Cheerful sampled vocals and shouts","Sirens, whistles and sound effects","Sudden changes and drops"],"figures":[{"name":"Lennie De Ice","role":"Producer of 'We Are I.E.'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"The Prodigy","role":"Essex group behind 'Charly'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Danny Breaks","role":"Producer behind Sonz of a Loop da Loop Era","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Shut Up and Dance","role":"London duo important to early hardcore","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Suburban Base","city":"London","founded":1991,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"XL Recordings","city":"London","founded":1989,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Reinforced Records","city":"London","founded":1989,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Lennie De Ice","title":"We Are I.E.","year":1991,"label":"I.E. Records","catalogNumber":"RTOR","why":"Often named as the record that defined the breakbeat hardcore sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/16315323","youtube":{"id":"_gx7Uv3sl5A","channel":"Lennie De Ice - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"rtokNN1HZ9A","channel":"MickeyBeam75","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"The Prodigy","title":"Charly","year":1991,"label":"XL Recordings","catalogNumber":"XLS 21CD","why":"A breakbeat hardcore record that became a national chart hit.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/16273924-The-Prodigy-Charly","youtube":{"id":"cSTBFZ-To2E","channel":"The Prodigy","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"ucvXp4pUvb8","channel":"The Prodigy","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Sonz of a Loop da Loop Era","title":"Far Out","year":1991,"label":"Suburban Base Records","catalogNumber":"SUB BASE 008S","why":"A well-known early rave record built from fast breakbeats.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/107459-Sonz-Of-A-Loop-Da-Loop-Era-Far-Out","youtube":{"id":"spYAsiTeamU","channel":"Suburban Base","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"uk5nggfz-N0","channel":"Sonz Of A Loop Da Loop Era - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"hip-hop-breaks","type":"evolved_from","note":"Breakbeat hardcore was built from chopped hip hop drum breaks.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"chicago-house","type":"influenced","note":"The four-to-the-floor house kick and piano sounds shaped early hardcore.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"ebm","type":"influenced","note":"Its loud electronic stabs and energy come partly from EBM.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Breakbeat hardcore","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakbeat_hardcore","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Energy Flash: A Journey Through Rave Music and Dance Culture","author":"Simon Reynolds","publisher":"Picador","year":1998,"url":null,"type":"book","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#39c26e"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"darkcore","name":"Darkcore","aliases":["Dark hardcore","Darkside"],"family":"dnb","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1991,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1992,"peakEnd":1994},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":140,"max":160,"typical":150},"summary":"A dark, serious form of hardcore that led towards jungle and drum and bass.","history":"Darkcore appeared around 1991 as breakbeat hardcore became darker and more serious [s1]. Producers removed the happy piano riffs and added deep bass, strange sounds and simple, threatening melodies [s1]. The mood was often tense and uneasy, and the tracks were made for dark clubs rather than bright raves [s1]. 4hero's 'Mr Kirk's Nightmare' (1990) is often named as an early record in this direction [s1]. Goldie's 'Terminator' (1992), released as Rufige Kru, used a break that many later producers copied [s1][s2]. Doc Scott's 'NHS' (1991) was another important record that moved hardcore towards jungle [s1]. The style also added a deep, low bass that became central to jungle and drum and bass [s1]. By 1994 the darkcore sound had grown into jungle and drum and bass [s2]. The style was played on London pirate radio stations. Its deep bass and dark mood became the base for jungle and drum and bass [s1].","sound":["Fast, chopped breakbeats","Deep, heavy sub-bass","Dark, simple or eerie melodies","Strange sound effects and samples","A tense, serious mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Goldie","role":"Producer behind Rufige Kru","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"4hero","role":"London duo of Dego and Marc Mac","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Doc Scott","role":"Producer behind 'NHS'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Grooverider","role":"DJ who championed the dark sound","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Reinforced Records","city":"London","founded":1989,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Absolute 2 Records","city":"London","founded":1990,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Moving Shadow","city":"London","founded":1990,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"4hero","title":"Mr Kirk's Nightmare","year":1990,"label":"Reinforced Records","catalogNumber":"rivet 201","why":"An early record that moved hardcore towards a darker sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/226189-4hero-Manix-Mr-Kirks-Nightmare-Feel-Reel-Good","youtube":{"id":"3WgWbcyBSSM","channel":"4hero - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"THCj2AJuNVE","channel":"Monsunamii","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Doc Scott","title":"NHS (Midnite Mix)","year":1991,"label":"Absolute 2 Records","catalogNumber":"ABS 001 DJ","why":"One of the records that pushed hardcore towards jungle.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2278760-Doc-Scott-The-NHS-EP","youtube":{"id":"waxpEGN87Mk","channel":"The Rave Music Archive","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"E057Nk3QMDk","channel":"Old Skool House Classics","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Goldie presents Rufige Kru","title":"Terminator","year":1992,"label":"Reinforced Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A darkcore record whose drum break was widely copied in jungle.","evidence":["s1","s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Rufige+Kru+Terminator&type=release","youtube":{"id":"OfvIiuyAMqQ","channel":"Metalheadz","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"BQFXneSROf8","channel":"MarkusAudio","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"breakbeat-hardcore","type":"evolved_from","note":"Darkcore was the darker wing of breakbeat hardcore.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hip-hop-breaks","type":"influenced","note":"It kept the chopped hip hop breakbeats of hardcore.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"industrial","type":"influenced","note":"Its dark, tense mood comes partly from industrial music.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Darkcore","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darkcore","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Goldie: Ramblas in the Jungle","author":"Goldie","publisher":"Red Bull Music Academy","year":2013,"url":"https://www.redbullmusicacademy.com/lectures/goldie-ramblas-in-the-jungle/","type":"lecture","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#39c26e"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"drum-and-bass","name":"Drum and Bass","aliases":["DnB","D&B","Drum & bass"],"family":"dnb","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1994,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1996,"peakEnd":null},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":165,"max":180,"typical":174},"summary":"A fast British style with heavy bass and broken beats, the wider name for jungle's later sound.","history":"Drum and bass is the name that replaced jungle from about 1994 [s1]. The music became faster and more precise, with very clean, loud bass and tightly cut drums [s1]. Roni Size and his group Reprazent won the Mercury Prize in 1997 with the album 'New Forms'. The album brought the sound to a wide audience [s1]. Their track 'Brown Paper Bag' (1997) is one of the widely known drum and bass records [s1]. Andy C and Shimon's 'Bodyrock' (1999) showed the funky, danceable side of the style [s1]. Pendulum's 'Tarantula' (2005) brought a rock-influenced, festival version of drum and bass to a new generation [s1]. The music has many smaller styles inside it, including liquid, techstep and jump-up [s2]. It remains a large British club and festival scene with its own radio stations and awards [s1][s2]. The style has its own awards ceremony, the Drum & Bass Arena Awards, and a large following online [s1]. Many producers also make slower or faster music under other names [s2].","sound":["Very fast, tight breakbeats","Heavy, clean sub-bass","A strong two-step or rolling drum pattern","Samples from soul, reggae or film","A precise, loud club mix"],"figures":[{"name":"Roni Size","role":"Bristol producer and bandleader of Reprazent","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Andy C","role":"DJ and co-founder of Ram Records","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Goldie","role":"Producer and founder of Metalheadz","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Pendulum","role":"Australian drum and bass band","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Ram Records","city":"London","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Talkin' Loud","city":"London","founded":1990,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Breakbeat Kaos","city":"London","founded":2003,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Metalheadz","city":"London","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Roni Size / Reprazent","title":"Brown Paper Bag","year":1997,"label":"Talkin' Loud","catalogNumber":"TKDJ 006","why":"One of the best-known drum and bass records, from a Mercury Prize-winning album.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/14636171-Roni-Size-Reprazent-Brown-Paper-Bag","youtube":{"id":"cwI0gbGEyuI","channel":"RoniSizeReprazenVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"UVTGs7dYLDY","channel":"Reprazent - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Andy C & Shimon","title":"Bodyrock","year":1999,"label":"Ram Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A funky, widely played drum and bass record.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Andy+C+Shimon+Bodyrock&type=release","youtube":{"id":"saAG_1sUJpU","channel":"Shimon - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"XUD3pvTK6f4","channel":"Bass Hurtz","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Pendulum","title":"Tarantula","year":2005,"label":"Breakbeat Kaos","catalogNumber":"BBK009","why":"A later, festival-friendly drum and bass record that reached a wide audience.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1731356-Pendulum-Tarantula-Fasten-Your-Seatbelt","youtube":{"id":"zVch_PK7SOY","channel":"JuStSold1eR","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"3ZR2p-DhSX4","channel":"Music4YouPoland","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"jungle","type":"evolved_from","note":"Drum and bass is the later, faster name for jungle's sound.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"darkcore","type":"influenced","note":"The darkcore sound led into the harder drum and bass styles.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"dub","type":"influenced","note":"Deep bass and echo effects come from Jamaican dub.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Drum and bass","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_and_bass","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"History of drum and bass: from jungle to neuro","author":null,"publisher":"Dropzone BCN","year":null,"url":"https://dropzonebcn.com/blog/history-drum-and-bass-jungle-to-neuro/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":["https://learningtodj.com/blog/how-to-mix-samba-and-bass/","https://learningtodj.com/blog/btd006-homemade-weapons/"],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#39c26e"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"halftime","name":"Halftime","aliases":["Halftime drum and bass","Halfstep"],"family":"dnb","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2013,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2015,"peakEnd":null},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":160,"max":175,"typical":172},"summary":"Drum and bass played at half the speed of the drums, leaving a slow, heavy groove.","history":"Halftime appeared around 2013 as producers slowed the drum pattern of drum and bass [s1]. The tempo stays near 170 BPM, but the main drum hits fall at half that speed, so the track feels slower and heavier [s1]. The style leaves more space for deep bass and strange sound design [s1]. The London group Ivy Lab became one of its widely known acts [s2]. Their track 'Twenty Questions' (2014) is often named as a defining halftime record [s2]. Alix Perez's 'Recall & Reflect' (2013) and Ivy Lab's 'Sunday Crunk' (2014) are also widely played [s1]. Halftime is popular with DJs who want to slow a set down without losing the drum and bass feel [s2]. It mixes easily with other bass styles such as dubstep and trap [s1]. The style is often played by DJs who mix it with dubstep and trap. It has its own club nights in London and other cities [s1].","sound":["Drums that fall at half the usual speed","Very deep, heavy bass","Lots of empty space in the rhythm","Strange, detailed sound design","A slow but heavy mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Ivy Lab","role":"London trio at the centre of the sound","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Alix Perez","role":"Belgian-British producer behind 'Recall & Reflect'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Halogenix","role":"Producer and member of Ivy Lab","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Stray","role":"Producer and member of Ivy Lab","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Critical Music","city":"London","founded":2002,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Exit Records","city":"London","founded":2003,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"20/20 LDN","city":"London","founded":2015,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Alix Perez","title":"Recall & Reflect","year":2013,"label":"Exit Records","catalogNumber":"EXIT059","why":"An early halftime record often named as a key example.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/7506752-Alix-Perez-Recall-Reflect-EP","youtube":{"id":"NXsaJpN3eSk","channel":"Exit Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"dJPfVXEugM0","channel":"Alix Perez - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Ivy Lab","title":"Twenty Questions","year":2014,"label":"Critical Music","catalogNumber":"CRIT080","why":"A defining halftime track from the style's best-known group.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/6691320-Ivy-Lab-Twenty-Questions-EP","youtube":{"id":"lJBc0ej7myY","channel":"CriticalMusic","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"zA86HdvIjjE","channel":"Ivy Lab - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Ivy Lab","title":"Sunday Crunk","year":2014,"label":"Critical Music","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A widely played halftime track with a slow, heavy groove.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Ivy+Lab+Sunday+Crunk&type=release","youtube":{"id":"LeLuw9DE_3g","channel":"Ivy Lab - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"-rJL8494uCE","channel":"ThePhuzz","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"drum-and-bass","type":"evolved_from","note":"Halftime slows down the drum pattern of drum and bass.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"minimal-dnb","type":"influenced","note":"Its space and detail come from minimal drum and bass.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"dub","type":"influenced","note":"The heavy bass and echo effects come from dub and sound-system music.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Ivy Lab","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_Lab","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Midnight in a perfect world: Ivy Lab","author":null,"publisher":"KEXP","year":2023,"url":"https://www.kexp.org/read/2023/3/6/midnight-in-a-perfect-world-ivy-lab/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Halftime is also used as a general term for any track with slowed drums, not only drum and bass."],"color":"#39c26e"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"jump-up","name":"Jump-Up","aliases":["Jump up","Jump-up drum and bass"],"family":"dnb","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1994,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1996,"peakEnd":2005},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":172,"max":178,"typical":175},"summary":"A loud, simple and fun drum and bass style made to get crowds moving.","history":"Jump-up is the loud, simple side of drum and bass [s1]. It uses a heavy, bouncing bassline, short vocal shouts and a beat that is easy to dance to [s1]. The name describes music that makes a crowd jump rather than music for careful listening [s1]. Krome & Time's 'The License' (1993) and The Ganja Kru's 'Super Sharp Shooter' (1995) were early records in this direction [s1]. DJ Zinc's '138 Trek' (2000) became a huge jump-up anthem with a very simple bass sound [s1]. DJ Hype and his label True Playaz released many of the style's widely known records [s1]. Jump-up is often played at large raves and on pirate radio [s1]. Some listeners say it is too simple, while fans say it works perfectly on a dance floor [s1][s2]. The style remains popular at large raves, and new producers still make records in the same simple, loud style [s1]. It is often played in the last part of a DJ set [s1].","sound":["A heavy, bouncing bassline","Short vocal shouts and samples","Simple, catchy drum patterns","Loud, bright sound effects","A fun, high-energy mood"],"figures":[{"name":"DJ Zinc","role":"Producer of 'Super Sharp Shooter' and '138 Trek'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"DJ Hype","role":"DJ and founder of True Playaz","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Krome & Time","role":"London duo behind 'The License'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"The Ganja Kru","role":"Group around DJ Zinc on Ganja Records","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"True Playaz","city":"London","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Ganja Records","city":"London","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Tearin' Vinyl","city":"London","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Krome & Time","title":"The License","year":1993,"label":"Tearin' Vinyl","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early record that pointed towards the jump-up sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Krome+%26+Time+The+License&type=release","youtube":{"id":"yPa5JBg8hZI","channel":"DJ KROME - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"GgDrr9fNA6U","channel":"BadBoiiiiTy","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"The Ganja Kru","title":"Super Sharp Shooter","year":1995,"label":"Parousia","catalogNumber":"KRU1","why":"One of the best-known jump-up records.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/229077-The-Ganga-Kru-Super-Sharp-Shooter","youtube":{"id":"l2KZoWLot0g","channel":"julianfantino","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"0tb-fDEAdi8","channel":"DJ Zinc","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"DJ Zinc","title":"138 Trek","year":2000,"label":"True Playaz","catalogNumber":"TPR12025","why":"A huge jump-up anthem built on a very simple bass sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/741957-DJ-Zinc-138-Trek","youtube":{"id":"TDg0gPcO5Eg","channel":"DJ Zinc - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"iNZF6WdvHTo","channel":"DJ Zinc","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"jungle","type":"evolved_from","note":"Jump-up grew from the loud, ragga-influenced side of jungle.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"drum-and-bass","type":"influenced","note":"It uses the fast drum and bass framework.","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"id":"ragga-jungle","type":"influenced","note":"Shouted vocals and heavy bass come from ragga jungle.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"20 original jump-up essentials","author":null,"publisher":"UKF","year":null,"url":"https://ukf.com/read/20-original-jump-up-essentials/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Drum and bass","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_and_bass","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Jump-up is defined as much by its crowd effect as by its sound, so the boundaries are loose."],"color":"#39c26e"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"jungle","name":"Jungle","aliases":["Jungle techno","Junglist music"],"family":"dnb","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1992,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1994,"peakEnd":1996},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":150,"max":170,"typical":160},"summary":"A fast British style with chopped breakbeats, deep bass and a strong ragga or soul influence.","history":"Jungle grew in London in the early 1990s from the darker end of breakbeat hardcore [s1]. Producers used fast, chopped drum breaks and added deep, low basslines [s1]. The style borrowed from Jamaican reggae and dancehall, and many tracks used ragga vocals [s1]. It also used soulful singing on tracks such as Goldie's 'Inner City Life' (1994) [s1]. M-Beat and General Levy's 'Incredible' (1994) and Shy FX and UK Apachi's 'Original Nuttah' (1994) were large hits [s1]. Origin Unknown's 'Valley of the Shadows' (1993) was an important early record on the Ram label [s1]. Jungle was closely tied to London's Black British communities and youth culture [s2]. By the mid-1990s the name drum and bass was used more often, especially as the sound became smoother and faster [s1]. The style also had a strong influence on later British music, including garage, grime and dubstep [s2]. Its drum breaks are still used by producers today [s1].","sound":["Fast, chopped and layered breakbeats","Very deep sub-bass","Short ragga or soul vocal samples","Simple, dark melodies","A rolling, dense rhythm"],"figures":[{"name":"Goldie","role":"Producer and label owner at Metalheadz","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Shy FX","role":"Producer of 'Original Nuttah'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"M-Beat","role":"Producer of 'Incredible'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"General Levy","role":"Singer on 'Incredible'","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Metalheadz","city":"London","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"SOUR","city":"London","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Ram Records","city":"London","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Renk Records","city":"London","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Origin Unknown","title":"Valley of the Shadows","year":1993,"label":"Ram Records","catalogNumber":"RAMM16CD","why":"An important early jungle record on a label that shaped the sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/125010-Origin-Unknown-Valley-Of-The-Shadows","youtube":{"id":"B3FPYOou_Mg","channel":"Origin Unknown - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"a5meT63flnM","channel":"4nheru","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"M-Beat feat. General Levy","title":"Incredible","year":1994,"label":"Renk Records","catalogNumber":"CDRENK42","why":"A large jungle hit that mixed ragga singing with a fast breakbeat.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/245452-M-Beat-Featuring-General-Levy-Incredible","youtube":{"id":"_YGbDEUVibE","channel":"M-Beat - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"7Fm2V20gZhM","channel":"Generallevy Official","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Goldie","title":"Inner City Life","year":1994,"label":"Metalheadz","catalogNumber":"META057D, META057","why":"One of the best-known jungle records and a landmark for the genre.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/10628028","youtube":{"id":"i-P98B2skts","channel":"London Records and GOLDIE","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"fRzjfOtsUcQ","channel":"GOLDIE","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"breakbeat-hardcore","type":"evolved_from","note":"Jungle grew directly from the darker end of breakbeat hardcore.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"darkcore","type":"evolved_from","note":"The darkcore sound led straight into jungle.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"dub","type":"influenced","note":"Deep bass and reggae echoes come from Jamaican dub and sound systems.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hip-hop-breaks","type":"influenced","note":"Its chopped drum breaks are taken from hip hop and funk records.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Jungle music","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungle_music","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"All Crews: Journeys Through Jungle / Drum & Bass Culture","author":"Brian Belle-Fortune","publisher":"Vision","year":2004,"url":null,"type":"book","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":["https://learningtodj.com/blog/btd011-comfort-zone/"],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#39c26e"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"liquid-dnb","name":"Liquid Drum and Bass","aliases":["Liquid","Liquid funk"],"family":"dnb","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1999,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2002,"peakEnd":null},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"Bristol","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":172,"max":176,"typical":174},"summary":"A smooth, musical drum and bass style with soulful singing and warm chords.","history":"Liquid drum and bass appeared at the end of the 1990s [s1]. It brought back the soulful, musical feeling of early jungle while keeping the fast drum and bass beat [s1]. The name liquid was first used for a series of records, then became the name of the whole style [s1]. Calibre, based in Northern Ireland, became one of its most respected producers [s2]. High Contrast's 'Return of Forever' (2002) is a well-known liquid track with a strong melody [s2]. Nu:Tone's 'Three Bags Full' (2004) and London Elektricity's 'Just One Second' (2008) also show the style's warm, song-based sound [s2]. The Hospital Records label released many of these records and held popular club nights [s2]. Liquid drum and bass is often played on radio and at festivals as well as in clubs [s1]. The style is also played on specialist radio shows and at outdoor festivals [s1]. Many liquid tracks are released as singles and then collected on albums [s2].","sound":["Soulful singing or vocal samples","Warm, jazzy chords","Smooth, rolling breakbeats","Strong melodies","A hopeful, relaxing mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Calibre","role":"Northern Irish producer known for liquid tracks","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"High Contrast","role":"Welsh producer behind 'Return of Forever'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Nu:Tone","role":"British producer behind 'Three Bags Full'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"London Elektricity","role":"Producer and Hospital Records founder","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Hospital Records","city":"London","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Signature Recordings","city":"Belfast","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Soul:r","city":"London","founded":2001,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"High Contrast","title":"Return of Forever","year":2002,"label":"Hospital Records","catalogNumber":"NHS40","why":"A well-known liquid drum and bass record with a strong melody.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/34330450-High-Contrast-Return-Of-Forever","youtube":{"id":"XoSscshAG-4","channel":"High Contrast","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"K8az0hXwdtI","channel":"Drum 'N' Bass Channel","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Nu:Tone","title":"Three Bags Full","year":2004,"label":"Hospital Records","catalogNumber":"NHS83","why":"A widely played liquid record with a warm, soulful feel.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/32021372-NuTone-Three-Bags-Full-Strange-Encounter","youtube":{"id":"e8GPakJv_08","channel":"Hospital Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"fGnC2jWXv-Y","channel":"Nu:Tone - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"London Elektricity","title":"Just One Second (Apex Remix)","year":2008,"label":"Hospital Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A late liquid record that became an anthem at drum and bass events.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=London+Elektricity+Just+One+Second&type=release","youtube":{"id":"Mzgh0cLopck","channel":"Hospital Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"LZosMwonEPM","channel":"Hospital Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"drum-and-bass","type":"evolved_from","note":"Liquid is the soulful, melodic wing of drum and bass.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"jungle","type":"influenced","note":"It brought back the soulful vocal feeling of early jungle.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"atmospheric-dnb","type":"influenced","note":"Its warm chords and calm mood come from atmospheric drum and bass.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Liquid drum and bass","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_drum_and_bass","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Hospital Records: 30 years of community drum and bass","author":null,"publisher":"Drum and Bass UK","year":null,"url":"https://drumandbassuk.com/news/article/hospital-records-30-years-community-drum-and-bass","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":["https://learningtodj.com/blog/how-to-mix-samba-and-bass/"],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#39c26e"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"minimal-dnb","name":"Minimal Drum and Bass","aliases":["Minimal DnB","Autonomic","Microfunk"],"family":"dnb","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2003,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2009,"peakEnd":2014},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":168,"max":174,"typical":172},"summary":"A quiet, detailed drum and bass style that uses very few sounds and lots of space.","history":"Minimal drum and bass appeared in the 2000s as producers stripped the music back [s1]. The style uses few sounds, a soft bass and lots of space between the drums [s1]. In 2009 the producers dBridge and Instra:mental began a series of mixes and radio shows called Autonomic [s1]. These helped bring together a group of producers with a similar quiet, detailed style [s1]. Instra:mental's 'No Future' (2009) is a well-known record from this scene [s1]. dBridge's 'So Lonely' (2009) and Commix's 'Be True' (2003) are also often named [s1]. The style is sometimes called microfunk or autonomic, after the radio show [s1]. It is popular with listeners who enjoy subtle, headphone-friendly drum and bass [s2]. The Autonomic shows were released as podcasts and compilations, which helped the sound travel [s1]. The style influenced later halftime and deep drum and bass [s1]. It is often played at small, quiet club nights [s2].","sound":["Very few drum sounds at once","Soft, deep bass","Lots of space in the rhythm","Quiet, detailed textures","A calm, serious mood"],"figures":[{"name":"dBridge","role":"Producer and co-founder of Exit Records","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Instra:mental","role":"Duo of Kid Drama and Boddika","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Commix","role":"British duo behind 'Be True'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Consequence","role":"Producer in the Autonomic scene","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Exit Records","city":"London","founded":2003,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Nonplus Records","city":"London","founded":2009,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Metalheadz","city":"London","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Commix","title":"Be True","year":2003,"label":"Metalheadz","catalogNumber":"METH075","why":"An early record often named as a starting point for minimal drum and bass.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/10196299-Commix-Be-True","youtube":{"id":"JSdWPFManpE","channel":"Commix - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"FUfhnUH249M","channel":"MuserWic","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Instra:mental","title":"No Future","year":2009,"label":"Nonplus Records","catalogNumber":"none","why":"A well-known record from the Autonomic minimal scene.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/4514836-Instramental-No-Future-Remixes","youtube":{"id":"GYemlTWxYpU","channel":"Nonplus Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"aFQiNqY7oIg","channel":"Instra:mental - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"dBridge","title":"So Lonely","year":2009,"label":"Exit Records","catalogNumber":"EXIT028","why":"A minimal drum and bass track from the scene's central producer.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3168338-dBridge-So-Lonely","youtube":{"id":"zm1mSlJD9I8","channel":"dBridge - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"aNH7eZPLu5Q","channel":"Exit Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"drum-and-bass","type":"evolved_from","note":"Minimal drum and bass strips drum and bass back to a few sounds.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"ambient","type":"influenced","note":"Its quiet, spacious sound comes from ambient music.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"dub-techno","type":"influenced","note":"The deep, echoing bass is close to dub techno.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Lost guide: Autonomic","author":null,"publisher":"Absolute Loss","year":null,"url":"https://absoluteloss.com/features/lost-guide-autonomic","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Drum and bass","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_and_bass","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Minimal drum and bass, microfunk and Autonomic are often used for the same group of records."],"color":"#39c26e"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"neurofunk","name":"Neurofunk","aliases":["Neuro","Neuro drum and bass"],"family":"dnb","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1998,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2005,"peakEnd":2015},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"Groningen","country":"Netherlands"}],"bpm":{"min":172,"max":178,"typical":174},"summary":"A technical, aggressive drum and bass style with complex, twisted bass sounds.","history":"Neurofunk grew out of techstep at the end of the 1990s [s1]. It takes the dark, mechanical sound of techstep and makes the bass more complex and changeable [s1]. Producers spend a long time designing each bass sound, using computers to shape it [s1]. Ed Rush and Optical's 'Pacman' (1998) is often named as the record that started the style [s2]. In the 2000s the Dutch group Noisia became one of its widely known acts [s2]. Noisia's 'Stigma' (2009) is a widely played neurofunk track [s2]. Spor's 'Aztec' (2007) is another well-known example [s1]. The style is very popular with producers and DJs who enjoy detailed sound design [s1]. It is often played at loud, late-night club events [s2]. The style is often played at loud club nights and festivals with large sound systems [s1]. Many producers also release sample packs so others can learn the sound [s2]. It remains one of the most technical forms of drum and bass [s1].","sound":["Complex, twisted bass sounds","Very precise, fast drum programming","Science-fiction or horror textures","A loud, aggressive mix","Almost no vocals"],"figures":[{"name":"Ed Rush","role":"Producer and co-founder of Virus Recordings","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Optical","role":"Producer and co-founder of Virus Recordings","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Noisia","role":"Dutch trio behind 'Stigma'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Spor","role":"British producer behind 'Aztec'","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Virus Recordings","city":"London","founded":1997,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Vision Recordings","city":"Groningen","founded":2005,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Shogun Audio","city":"Brighton","founded":2004,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Ed Rush & Optical","title":"Pacman","year":1998,"label":"Virus Recordings","catalogNumber":"VRS010","why":"Often named as the record that began neurofunk.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/4496076-Ed-Rush-Optical-Universal-Project-Pacman-Ram-Trilogy-Remix-Vessel","youtube":{"id":"m3udtuPo-fk","channel":"Ed Rush - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"vtvK7YaA95U","channel":"Visiotec","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Spor","title":"Aztec","year":2007,"label":"Shogun Audio","catalogNumber":"SHA025a","why":"A well-known neurofunk track with detailed bass design.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/12618079-Spor-Aztec-Do-Not-Shake","youtube":{"id":"lIDSqP_AQig","channel":"Spor - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"IGBJTwRTrCs","channel":"DJ NaicOh","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Noisia","title":"Stigma","year":2009,"label":"Vision Recordings","catalogNumber":"VSN007","why":"A widely played neurofunk record from the style's best-known later act.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2399361-Noisia-Stigma-Crank","youtube":{"id":"fZAhJkswLEE","channel":"VISION","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"pP69N-70LxM","channel":"NeurofunkGrid","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"techstep","type":"evolved_from","note":"Neurofunk grew directly from the dark, mechanical techstep sound.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"drum-and-bass","type":"influenced","note":"It uses the fast drum and bass framework.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"industrial","type":"influenced","note":"Its harsh, dark textures come partly from industrial music.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Neurofunk","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurofunk","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Noisia: three kings of DnB","author":null,"publisher":"KWVA","year":null,"url":"https://kwva.uoregon.edu/blog/music/noisia-three-kings-dnb","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Neurofunk and techstep overlap, and some records are placed in both."],"color":"#39c26e"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"ragga-jungle","name":"Ragga Jungle","aliases":["Ragga-jungle","Jungle ragga"],"family":"dnb","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1992,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1994,"peakEnd":1996},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":155,"max":175,"typical":165},"summary":"Jungle mixed with Jamaican dancehall and ragga vocals, fast and full of energy.","history":"Ragga jungle is the part of jungle that uses Jamaican dancehall and ragga vocals [s1]. Producers took fast jungle breakbeats and placed shouted ragga vocals and reggae basslines over them [s1]. The style came from the close link between London's Jamaican community and the jungle scene [s2]. Rebel MC's 'Junglist' (1994) was an early and much-played record [s1]. Shy FX and UK Apachi's 'Original Nuttah' (1994) became the widely known ragga jungle track and a huge club hit [s1]. Cutty Ranks's 'A Who Seh Me Dun (Six Million Ways to Die)' was also widely played in jungle versions [s1]. The style was often heard on London pirate radio stations [s2]. Ragga jungle faded as drum and bass became smoother, but it has returned in new forms since [s1]. The records were often played on London pirate radio and at house parties [s2]. Some of the singers became stars in both reggae and jungle [s1].","sound":["Fast, hard jungle breakbeats","Shouted ragga or dancehall vocals","Heavy reggae-style bass","Sirens and sound-system effects","A loud, energetic mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Rebel MC","role":"London producer and founder of Congo Natty","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Shy FX","role":"Producer of 'Original Nuttah'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"UK Apachi","role":"Singer on 'Original Nuttah'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"General Levy","role":"Ragga singer on jungle records","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Congo Natty","city":"London","founded":1991,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"SOUR","city":"London","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Fashion Records","city":"London","founded":1980,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Rebel MC","title":"Junglist","year":1994,"label":"Congo Natty","catalogNumber":"CONGONATTY8","why":"An early ragga jungle record and a scene anthem.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/357819-Rebel-MC-Junglist","youtube":{"id":"EO748aLtigg","channel":"Rebel MC - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"QL4GQ5H0lkc","channel":"ninerecordings","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Cutty Ranks","title":"A Who Seh Me Dun (Six Million Ways to Die)","year":1992,"label":"Fashion Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A dancehall vocal that became a widely played jungle record.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/5909249-Cutty-Ranks-A-Who-Seh-Me-Dun","youtube":{"id":"g7qxiGxAwyQ","channel":"ladyriddims","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"Shy FX & UK Apachi","title":"Original Nuttah","year":1994,"label":"SOUR","catalogNumber":"SOURMC 008","why":"The best-known ragga jungle record and a huge club hit.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/326171-UK-Apachi-Shy-FX-Original-Nuttah","youtube":{"id":"3QMiCBJ7yRM","channel":"rogomujaji","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"QtTTf4pHPjM","channel":"TJHERNY","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"jungle","type":"evolved_from","note":"Ragga jungle is jungle with ragga and dancehall vocals added.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"dub","type":"influenced","note":"Its bass, echo and sound-system style come from Jamaican dub.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"breakbeat-hardcore","type":"influenced","note":"The fast breakbeats come from breakbeat hardcore.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Ragga jungle","author":null,"publisher":"Melodigging","year":null,"url":"https://www.melodigging.com/genre/ragga-jungle","type":"database","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Jungle music","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungle_music","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Ragga jungle and jungle overlap almost completely; several tracks are claimed by both."],"color":"#39c26e"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"techstep","name":"Techstep","aliases":["Tech step","Darkstep"],"family":"dnb","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1996,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1998,"peakEnd":2002},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":170,"max":178,"typical":174},"summary":"A dark, mechanical drum and bass style with harsh bass and science-fiction sounds.","history":"Techstep appeared in the mid-1990s as drum and bass became darker and more machine-like [s1]. Producers used harsh, distorted bass, cold sound effects and fewer samples [s1]. The name joined 'tech', for the clean machine sound, with 'step', for the drum pattern [s1]. Ed Rush and Optical were central to the style, and their label Virus Recordings released many key records [s2]. Ed Rush, Optical and Fierce's 'Alien Girl' (1998) is one of its widely known tracks [s2]. Bad Company's 'The Nine' (1998) became a club anthem with a very simple, heavy riff [s1]. Optical's 'To Shape the Future' (1997) was another important record [s2]. Techstep was important in making drum and bass sound serious and futuristic rather than soulful [s1]. It led to the harder neurofunk sound that followed [s2]. The style was championed by DJs such as Grooverider and Ed Rush [s1]. Its dark sound influenced the neurofunk records that followed [s2].","sound":["Harsh, distorted bass","Fast, mechanical drum patterns","Cold, science-fiction sound effects","Very few vocals or samples","A dark, serious mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Ed Rush","role":"Producer and co-founder of Virus Recordings","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Optical","role":"Producer and co-founder of Virus Recordings","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Fierce","role":"Producer and collaborator on 'Alien Girl'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Bad Company","role":"London group behind 'The Nine'","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Virus Recordings","city":"London","founded":1997,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"BC Recordings","city":"London","founded":1998,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"No U-Turn","city":"London","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Optical","title":"To Shape the Future","year":1997,"label":"Metalheadz","catalogNumber":"METH 027","why":"An important early techstep record with a cold, futuristic sound.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1126477-Optical-To-Shape-The-Future","youtube":{"id":"IJqRdewq5Es","channel":"Optical - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"mGckyqqJGrY","channel":"Metalheadz","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Bad Company","title":"The Nine","year":1998,"label":"BC Recordings","catalogNumber":"VDBCR 001","why":"A club anthem and one of the best-known techstep records.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1151453-Bad-Company-The-Nine-The-Bridge","youtube":{"id":"o2Vh4lGRNoQ","channel":"Bad Taste Recordings","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"nRpdg4-ljb8","channel":"Bad Company UK","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Ed Rush, Optical & Fierce","title":"Alien Girl","year":1998,"label":"Virus Recordings","catalogNumber":null,"why":"One of the best-known techstep tracks, from the scene's central label.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3942170-Ed-Rush-Optical-Fierce-Cutslo-Lokuste-Mix-Alien-Girl","youtube":{"id":"Z8NokNkrlOQ","channel":"DJMishMash1990","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"glAAFFECSsE","channel":"I-Witness DnB","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"drum-and-bass","type":"evolved_from","note":"Techstep grew from drum and bass as it became harder and cleaner.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"darkcore","type":"influenced","note":"Its dark, serious mood continues the darkcore tradition.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"uk-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its clean, machine-like production was shaped by British techno.","sourceRefs":["s3"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Techstep","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techstep","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"10 best techstep slammers, part one","author":null,"publisher":"Line Noise","year":null,"url":"https://linenoise.substack.com/p/10-best-techstep-slammers-part-one","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Ed Rush","author":null,"publisher":"Vision Recordings","year":null,"url":"https://visionrecordings.nl/artists/ed-rush","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Techstep and neurofunk overlap; 'Pacman' and similar records are claimed by both."],"color":"#39c26e"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"bounce","name":"Bounce","aliases":["Donk","Scouse House","Hard Bounce"],"family":"hard-dance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2000,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2005,"peakEnd":2012},"origins":[{"city":"Wigan","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"Liverpool","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":140,"max":160,"typical":150},"summary":"A bouncy UK and Irish hard house style built on a sharp offbeat 'donk' bass.","history":"Bounce is a fast, bouncy form of hard house from Britain and Ireland [s1][s2]. It is also called donk, scouse house or hard bounce [s1]. The style is built on a sharp, pitched 'donk' hit on the offbeats over a fast four-to-the-floor kick [s1]. It began in towns in North West England, including Wigan, in the 2000s [s1]. The Wigan Pier club and its compilation albums helped the sound spread [s1]. In 2008 the Blackout Crew released 'Put a Donk on It', which made the word donk widely known [s1]. The band Ultrabeat and the DJ Alex K also made popular records [s1]. The music is usually about 140 to 160 beats per minute [s1]. The word 'bounce' has other meanings too [s1]. In Australia it can mean a more commercial club style, and in the Netherlands it can mean bubbling [s1]. This entry is about the UK and Irish donk sound [s1].","sound":["A sharp 'donk' bass on the offbeats","A fast four-to-the-floor kick","A bouncy, playful mood","Simple vocal samples","Loud, compressed drums"],"figures":[{"name":"Blackout Crew","role":"British group behind 'Put a Donk on It'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Alex K","role":"British DJ and producer in the scouse house scene","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Ultrabeat","role":"British bounce and hardcore act","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Bad Behaviour","role":"British scouse house producers","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"All Around the World","city":"Blackpool","founded":1991,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Wigan Pier","city":"Wigan","founded":1997,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Kontor Records","city":"Hamburg","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Blackout Crew","title":"Put a Donk on It","year":2008,"label":"All Around the World","catalogNumber":"CXGLOBE971","why":"A comedy record that made the word donk known across Britain.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2485515-The-Blackout-Crew-Put-A-Donk-On-It","youtube":{"id":"ckMvj1piK58","channel":"SteveAATW","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"s5hPg45o7hs","channel":"cod43002","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Ultrabeat","title":"Pretty Green Eyes","year":2003,"label":"All Around the World","catalogNumber":"GLOBE281","why":"A scouse house cover that became a bounce anthem.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1494774-Ultrabeat-Pretty-Green-Eyes","youtube":{"id":"E48JhG2bMQ4","channel":"Kontor.TV","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"6a-36L6HRxk","channel":"CV","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Alex K","title":"Gotta Tell You","year":2004,"label":"All Around the World","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A scouse house record from a leading DJ of the scene.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Alex+K+Gotta+Tell+You&type=release","youtube":{"id":"6bqGFLCfoNM","channel":"Forgotten Scouse House","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"hard-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Bounce is a bouncy, northern form of hard house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hard-nrg","type":"influenced","note":"It shares the fast, hard drive of hard NRG.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"bouncy-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its bouncy feel is close to the Scottish bouncy techno sound.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"What Is Donk? The Northern Hard-Dance Sound Back in 2026","author":null,"publisher":"Mneemo","year":2026,"url":"https://www.mneemo.com/blog/what-is-donk-scottish-sound-2026","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"UK hard house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_hard_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["'Bounce' has at least three meanings: the UK/Irish donk sound, Australian club bounce and Dutch bubbling. This entry uses the UK/Irish meaning; sources for the other senses should be added later. Alex K's track year should be confirmed on Discogs."],"color":"#e8892b"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"bouncy-techno","name":"Bouncy Techno","aliases":[],"family":"hard-dance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1992,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1994,"peakEnd":1996},"origins":[{"city":"Glasgow","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"Ayrshire","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":160,"max":180,"typical":170},"summary":"A fast, happy rave style from Scotland and northern England with a bouncy beat.","history":"Bouncy techno is a fast rave style from Scotland and Northern England [s1][s2]. It began in the early 1990s [s1]. The music is like an accessible form of gabber [s1]. It has a hard beat and a happy, bouncy melody [s1]. The Scottish producer Scott Brown made many records in this style under different names [s1]. The group Ultra-Sonic from Ayrshire and the act QFX were also important [s1]. At first the music was played at raves in northern Britain [s1]. The Dutch DJ Paul Elstak then brought it to the Netherlands [s1]. There it was called happy hardcore or happy gabber [s1]. For a short time in the mid-1990s the sound was heard across Europe [s1]. It then declined quickly for several reasons [s1]. Bouncy techno is usually about 160 to 180 beats per minute [s1]. It was mostly played at raves rather than in clubs [s1]. It is still played by hardcore fans today [s1].","sound":["Tempos around 160 to 180 beats per minute","A hard, bouncy kick","Happy, simple melodies","A rave-style atmosphere","Vocal chants and samples"],"figures":[{"name":"Scott Brown","role":"Scottish producer central to bouncy techno","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Ultra-Sonic","role":"Scottish group from Ayrshire","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"QFX","role":"Scottish rave act","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Paul Elstak","role":"Dutch DJ who brought the sound to the Netherlands","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Evolution Records","city":"Scotland","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Clubscene Records","city":"Scotland","founded":1991,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"23rd Precinct Recordings","city":"Glasgow","founded":1990,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Ultra-Sonic","title":"Annihilating Rhythm","year":1993,"label":"Clubscene Records","catalogNumber":"CSRT 015","why":"An early bouncy techno record that became a rave classic.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/81877","youtube":{"id":"WqhA-u9QMo0","channel":"Ultra-Sonic - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"_yKPIy3XjbM","channel":"Ultra-Sonic - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"QFX","title":"Freedom","year":1994,"label":"23rd Precinct Recordings","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A Scottish rave anthem linked to the bouncy techno scene.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/177214-QFX-Freedom","youtube":{"id":"R4SasDT51Pw","channel":"QFX - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"CFmeoCe-pAY","channel":"Orryy.","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Scott Brown","title":"Lost Generation (Bouncy Techno Mix)","year":1995,"label":"Evolution Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A track by the producer most linked to bouncy techno.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/708674-Scott-Brown-Memories-Lost-Generation-Remixes","youtube":{"id":"1Bhe4QLb50A","channel":"Scott Brown - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"hardcore-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Bouncy techno is a Scottish, happier form of hardcore techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hard-house","type":"influenced","note":"It shares the fast, hard club drive of hard house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hi-nrg","type":"influenced","note":"Its happy, energetic mood comes partly from hi-NRG.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Bouncy techno","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouncy_techno","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Bouncy Techno","author":null,"publisher":"Melodigging","year":null,"url":"https://www.melodigging.com/genre/bouncy-techno","type":"database","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Bouncy techno is often grouped with happy hardcore and gabber; the boundaries are not fixed."],"color":"#e8892b"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"euphoric-hardstyle","name":"Euphoric Hardstyle","aliases":["Melodic Hardstyle"],"family":"hard-dance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2006,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2010,"peakEnd":2018},"origins":[{"city":"Amsterdam","country":"Netherlands"}],"bpm":{"min":145,"max":155,"typical":150},"summary":"Melodic, uplifting hardstyle with big supersaw leads and emotional breakdowns.","history":"Euphoric hardstyle is the melodic, uplifting side of hardstyle [s1]. It focuses on emotional melodies and big synthesizer leads [s1]. The main lead sound is the supersaw, a bright, wide waveform made from several saw waves [s2]. Tracks often build through a quiet breakdown and then return with a large, anthemic drop [s1]. DJs such as Headhunterz made the sound cleaner and more melodic in the 2010s [s2]. Other acts include Brennan Heart, Wildstylez, B-Front and Da Tweekaz [s1]. The style is made for large festivals and for singing crowds [s3]. Many euphoric tracks have a vocal line or a memorable hook [s3]. The mood is happy or emotional rather than dark [s1]. It is the well-known form of hardstyle outside the Netherlands [s3]. The style became the public face of hardstyle at large festivals [s1]. It also influenced parts of big room house [s2]. Many producers also make the harder, raw form of the style [s3].","sound":["Big, emotional supersaw leads","A bright, happy mood","Long melodic breakdowns","Sung or sampled vocals","A punchy hardstyle kick"],"figures":[{"name":"Headhunterz","role":"Producer who led the cleaner, more melodic sound","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Brennan Heart","role":"Dutch producer of euphoric hardstyle","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Wildstylez","role":"Dutch producer of melodic hardstyle","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Da Tweekaz","role":"Belgian duo known for melodic hardstyle","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Scantraxx","city":"Beek en Donk","founded":2002,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"I AM HARDSTYLE","city":"Netherlands","founded":2010,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Dirty Workz","city":"Belgium","founded":2007,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Brennan Heart & Jonathan Mendelsohn","title":"Imaginary","year":2010,"label":"Scantraxx","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An emotional hardstyle track with a big melodic hook.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/7839723-Brennan-Heart-Jonathan-Mendelsohn-Imaginary","youtube":{"id":"h9I-9Sj4sKs","channel":"I AM HARDSTYLE","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"67sIQD_hUJs","channel":"Brennan Heart - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Wildstylez feat. Niels Geusebroek","title":"Year of Summer","year":2012,"label":"Scantraxx","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A melodic hardstyle record that became a summer hit.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/33693717-Wildstylez-Feat-Niels-Geusebroek-Year-Of-Summer","youtube":{"id":"WA0t6ErCtus","channel":"wildstyleznl","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"O16DQFvZW9I","channel":"Fire of Jagz","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Da Tweekaz","title":"The Nights","year":2018,"label":"Dirty Workz","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A later euphoric hardstyle track from a popular duo.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Da+Tweekaz+The+Nights&type=release","youtube":{"id":"SgcKhCRtWcU","channel":"Dirty Workz","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"hardstyle","type":"evolved_from","note":"Euphoric hardstyle is the melodic branch of hardstyle.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"The hitchhiker's guide to Hard Dance Music","author":"Yuzhou Wang","publisher":"Firebird Magazine","year":null,"url":"https://firebirdmagazine.com/music-you-need-to-know/hard-dance-music","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Exploring Hardstyle: A Cornerstone of Dutch Dance Culture","author":null,"publisher":"Splice","year":null,"url":"https://splice.com/sounds/packs/sample-tools-by-cr2/hardstyle-rawstyle-hardcore/story","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Hardstyle","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardstyle","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Many sources use 'hardstyle' and 'euphoric hardstyle' interchangeably for the same records."],"color":"#e8892b"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"eurodance","name":"Eurodance","aliases":["Euro-NRG","Euro House"],"family":"hard-dance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1989,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1992,"peakEnd":1996},"origins":[{"city":"Amsterdam","country":"Netherlands"},{"city":"Stockholm","country":"Sweden"},{"city":"Cologne","country":"Germany"}],"bpm":{"min":120,"max":150,"typical":135},"summary":"1990s European dance-pop with rap verses and big sung choruses.","history":"Eurodance is a form of electronic dance music that began in Western Europe in the late 1980s [s1]. It mixes rap, techno and Eurodisco [s1][s2]. Songs usually have a sung chorus and a rapped verse [s1]. The singer is often female and the rapper is often male [s1]. The music uses strong synthesizers, simple bass lines and a four-to-the-floor beat [s1]. The tempo is usually between 120 and 150 beats per minute [s1]. The lyrics are simple and often about love or partying [s1]. Groups such as Snap!, Corona and 2 Unlimited had big hits in the early 1990s [s1]. Eurodance was made for the charts and for radio [s1]. The name 'Eurodance' was used more after the style's peak in the mid-1990s [s1]. Compilation albums helped the name spread [s1]. The style later influenced hands up and other European dance music [s1]. It is still played at retro dance events today [s1].","sound":["A female sung chorus","A male rapped verse","A four-to-the-floor beat","Bright synthesizer hooks","A tempo around 120 to 140 beats per minute"],"figures":[{"name":"Snap!","role":"German group behind a classic Eurodance hit","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Corona","role":"Italian act behind 'The Rhythm of the Night'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"2 Unlimited","role":"Dutch-Belgian duo with several Eurodance hits","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"La Bouche","role":"German-American Eurodance act","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Logic Records","city":"Frankfurt","founded":1988,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Byte Records","city":"Belgium","founded":1990,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"ZYX Music","city":"Merenberg","founded":1971,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Snap!","title":"Rhythm Is a Dancer","year":1992,"label":"Logic Records","catalogNumber":"74321108762","why":"One of the well-known Eurodance records of the early 1990s.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3310094","youtube":{"id":"JYIaWeVL1JM","channel":"SNAP!","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"Corona","title":"The Rhythm of the Night","year":1993,"label":"Byte Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An Italian Eurodance hit with a famous female vocal.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1618332-Corona-The-Rhythm-Of-The-Night","youtube":{"id":"OnT58cIJSpw","channel":"RHINO","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"AvwX81COn6Y","channel":"CORONA OFFICIAL","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"2 Unlimited","title":"No Limit","year":1992,"label":"Byte Records","catalogNumber":"none","why":"A Eurodance record that reached the top of charts in many countries.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/6162759-2-Unlimited-No-Limit","youtube":{"id":"7kmEEkECFQw","channel":"2 Unlimited Official","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"HMTCw8CtX0E","channel":"2 Unlimited - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"hi-nrg","type":"fusion_of","note":"Eurodance took the fast, sung dance sound of hi-NRG.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hip-hop-breaks","type":"fusion_of","note":"Its rapped verses come from hip hop.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"synth-pop","type":"influenced","note":"Its catchy synthesizer hooks come partly from synth-pop.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Eurodance","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurodance","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Dance If You Cannot: The History of Eurodance","author":"Steve Panacci","publisher":"RX Music","year":2014,"url":"https://rxmusic.com/editorial/dance-if-you-cannot-the-history-of-eurodance","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["Eurodance could belong in a future dance-pop family; it is placed in hard-dance here because it is the parent of hands up and part of bounce."],"color":"#e8892b"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"hands-up","name":"Hands Up","aliases":["Handz Up","Hands Up Trance","Dancecore"],"family":"hard-dance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2000,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2004,"peakEnd":2009},"origins":[{"city":"Cologne","country":"Germany"}],"bpm":{"min":138,"max":155,"typical":145},"summary":"Fast, melodic German club music with hard kicks, supersaw leads and pop vocals.","history":"Hands up is a fast, melodic form of European dance music [s1]. It began in Germany in the early 2000s [s1][s2]. The name comes from the 'hands in the air' gesture at clubs [s1]. Tracks usually run between 138 and 155 beats per minute [s1]. They use hard offbeat bass, hard kicks and bright supersaw leads [s1]. Producers often use the Roland JP-8080 synthesizer [s1]. Vocals are usually sung by female singers or pitched-up male voices [s1]. The lyrics are about partying and romance [s1]. The structure is closer to pop music than to long trance tracks [s1]. In the mid-2000s, acts such as Cascada and Groove Coverage reached the charts [s1]. Cascada's 'Everytime We Touch' and Scooter's 'Nessaja' were big hits [s1]. Later, producers added jumpstyle and hardstyle elements [s1]. Some happy hardcore producers also began to make the style [s1]. Interest fell in the early 2010s as electro house became popular [s1].","sound":["Tempos around 140 to 150 beats per minute","Hard offbeat bass","Bright supersaw leads","Pop-style sung vocals","A short verse-chorus structure"],"figures":[{"name":"Cascada","role":"German act behind a worldwide hands up hit","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Groove Coverage","role":"German group with several hands up hits","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Scooter","role":"German group that mixed hands up with rave","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Mark 'Oh","role":"German producer linked to the early sound","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Zooland Records","city":"Germany","founded":2002,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Kontor Records","city":"Hamburg","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Suprimerecords","city":"Germany","founded":2003,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Cascada","title":"Everytime We Touch","year":2005,"label":"Zooland Records","catalogNumber":"ZOO 009","why":"A hands up hit that reached charts around the world.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/660704-Cascada-Everytime-We-Touch","youtube":{"id":"AV4smtJrIOM","channel":"CASCADA","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"84sHTvn6xf8","channel":"Cascada - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Groove Coverage","title":"Moonlight Shadow","year":2002,"label":"Suprimerecords","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A cover version that became one of the style's well-known records.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/130919-Groove-Coverage-Moonlight-Shadow","youtube":{"id":"_-fr5i2dtME","channel":"Groove Coverage - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"5gHGIY1Q-yU","channel":"suprimerecords","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"ItaloBrothers","title":"Stamp on the Ground","year":2009,"label":"Zooland Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A later hands up track that stayed popular online for years.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1858739-ItaloBrothers-Stamp-On-The-Ground","youtube":{"id":"cHcVU5cGUNE","channel":"Zooland.TV","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"JA2TPK0NeFI","channel":"ItaloBrothers - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"eurodance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hands up kept the sung hooks and pop structure of Eurodance.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"happy-hardcore","type":"influenced","note":"Its fast, happy mood comes partly from happy hardcore.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"trance","type":"influenced","note":"Its supersaw leads come from commercial trance.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Hands up (music genre)","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hands_up_(music_genre)","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Artists Hands up","author":null,"publisher":"Generation Dance","year":null,"url":"https://generation.dance/en/styles/hands-up","type":"database","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Hands up is often confused with vocal trance and with Eurodance; the three overlap a lot."],"color":"#e8892b"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"hard-dance","name":"Hard Dance","aliases":["HDM"],"family":"hard-dance","isMarketingLabel":true,"era":{"start":1997,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2000,"peakEnd":2010},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"Amsterdam","country":"Netherlands"}],"bpm":{"min":140,"max":165,"typical":150},"summary":"An umbrella name for fast, hard club styles such as hard house, hard trance and hardstyle.","history":"Hard dance is an umbrella name for several fast, hard styles of electronic dance music [s1]. The name covers hard house, hard trance and hardstyle [s1]. These styles have fast tempos and hard kick drums, but they are usually less harsh than hardcore [s1]. Writers and shops use the name to group the music together [s1][s2]. The sound grew from club scenes in Britain and the Netherlands in the late 1990s [s2]. Hard house came from London clubs such as Trade [s3]. Hard trance came from Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands [s1]. Hardstyle came from the Netherlands in about 2000 [s2]. Big events such as Qlubtempo and Defqon.1 helped hardstyle grow [s2]. Hard dance also covers some Eurodance and regional styles such as makina [s1]. It sometimes crosses over with hardcore styles such as frenchcore and UK hardcore [s1]. The name is mainly used by shops, labels and fans, not by one single scene [s1]. Big festivals in the Netherlands and Britain still play the music [s2].","sound":["Fast tempos","Hard, punchy kick drums","Offbeat bass lines","Big melodic leads","A less harsh sound than hardcore"],"figures":[{"name":"Tony De Vit","role":"British DJ and a founder of hard house","sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"The Prophet","role":"Dutch producer important in early hardstyle","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Headhunterz","role":"Dutch producer who brought hardstyle to a wider audience","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Dana","role":"Dutch DJ and producer in the early hardstyle scene","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Tidy Trax","city":"London","founded":1995,"sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Bonzai Records","city":"Antwerp","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Scantraxx","city":"Beek en Donk","founded":2002,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Q-Dance","city":"Amsterdam","founded":1998,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Lisa Lashes","title":"Lookin' Good","year":1999,"label":"Tidy Trax","catalogNumber":"TIDY M10","why":"A hard house record that became a hard dance club standard.","evidence":["s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/142273-Lisa-Lashes-Lookin-Good-Baby-Doc-S-J-Remix","youtube":{"id":"QIcNf--Pico","channel":"Lisa Lashes - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"CUz9WJ67dGQ","channel":"Tidy Trax","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"DJ Scot Project","title":"O (Overdrive)","year":2001,"label":"Overdose","catalogNumber":"Dose 076","why":"A hard trance track that became one of the style's well-known records.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2691055","youtube":{"id":"QQWnjyskMv8","channel":"ConnecteD Hard Dance Music","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"gBVuAI2_-lM","channel":"TinnitusGehoerschade","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Headhunterz","title":"Rock Civilization","year":2007,"label":"Scantraxx","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A hardstyle anthem that shows the hard dance sound at its peak.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/996962-Headhunterz-Rock-Civilization","youtube":{"id":"gDzDKRYHGeg","channel":"Headhunterz - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"kjUTXkeTANc","channel":"Headhunterz","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"hard-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hard house is one of the main styles inside the hard dance group.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hard-trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hard trance is another main style in the group.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hardstyle","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hardstyle is the Dutch style usually placed under the hard dance name.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hardcore-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Hardcore gave the whole family its speed and hard kicks.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Hardcore (electronic dance music genre)","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardcore_(electronic_dance_music_genre)","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"The hitchhiker's guide to Hard Dance Music","author":"Yuzhou Wang","publisher":"Firebird Magazine","year":null,"url":"https://firebirdmagazine.com/music-you-need-to-know/hard-dance-music","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"UK hard house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_hard_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Hard dance is a shop and press category rather than one scene, so its edges are fuzzy. It is sometimes used to mean hardcore techno as a whole."],"color":"#e8892b"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"hard-house","name":"Hard House","aliases":["UK Hard House"],"family":"hard-dance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1991,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1997,"peakEnd":2004},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":135,"max":165,"typical":150},"summary":"Fast, punchy British house music with hard kicks and offbeat bass, popular in the late 1990s.","history":"Hard house is a British style of electronic dance music that began in the early 1990s [s1][s3]. It is closely linked to the London club Trade and the DJs who played there [s1]. DJ Tony De Vit is often called the godfather of UK hard house [s1]. The music was first called hardbag or handbag house [s2]. It mixes Belgian and German techno, American house, handbag house and early trance [s1]. Hard house is usually about 150 beats per minute, but can range from 135 to 165 [s1]. It often uses offbeat bass stabs, hoovers and horns [s1]. Many tracks have a breakdown with no drums, followed by a drum roll and a drop [s1]. The Tidy Trax label began in 1995 and became a leader of the sound [s1]. Club nights such as Sundissential in Birmingham were also important [s1]. Producers such as Lisa Lashes and BK made well-known records [s1]. The style stayed popular in Britain through the 2000s [s1].","sound":["Tempos around 150 beats per minute","Offbeat bass stabs","Hoover and horn sounds","A drum-free breakdown","Long string notes for suspense"],"figures":[{"name":"Tony De Vit","role":"DJ often called the godfather of UK hard house","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Lisa Lashes","role":"British hard house DJ and producer","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"BK","role":"British hard house producer","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"The Tidy Boys","role":"DJs and owners of the Tidy Trax label","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Tidy Trax","city":"London","founded":1995,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Nukleuz","city":"London","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Vicious Circle","city":"London","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Tony De Vit","title":"The Dawn","year":1998,"label":"Tidy Trax","catalogNumber":"TIDY140T","why":"A hard house anthem from the DJ called the godfather of the style.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/6107016-Tony-De-Vit-The-Dawn","youtube":{"id":"1anbjtALx-Q","channel":"Tony De Vit - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"41byAsUpI20","channel":"Tony De Vit - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"BK","title":"Revolution","year":1999,"label":"Nukleuz","catalogNumber":"NUKF0437","why":"A hard house record by a leading producer of the style.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3186436-BK-Revolution","youtube":{"id":"qEN126S-Y5U","channel":"BK - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"A8Q8cWDJTm0","channel":"Pueyo88","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Brain Bashers","title":"Do It Now","year":1997,"label":"Tidy Trax","catalogNumber":"none","why":"A Tidy Trax record that became a hard house club classic.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/27034776-Brain-Bashers-Do-It-Now","youtube":{"id":"bj9EsIRo2eA","channel":"Tidy Trax","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"D7Ir2VBHZAE","channel":"Brain Bashers - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"acid-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hard house grew from the British house and acid house scene.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hi-nrg","type":"influenced","note":"Its fast, energetic feel comes partly from hi-NRG.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"trance","type":"influenced","note":"Early trance sounds shaped its melodies and build-ups.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"UK hard house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_hard_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Hard NRG","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_NRG","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"The Complete Guide to Hard House","author":null,"publisher":"OBSCUUR","year":null,"url":"https://obscuur.io/blogs/news/the-complete-guide-to-hard-house","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["The first hard house record is not agreed. The exact year of Brain Bashers 'Do It Now' should be checked on Discogs."],"color":"#e8892b"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"hard-nrg","name":"Hard NRG","aliases":["Hard Energy","Nu-NRG","Filth"],"family":"hard-dance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1997,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1999,"peakEnd":2006},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":155,"max":165,"typical":158},"summary":"A darker, harder form of UK hard house with aggressive, gritty sounds.","history":"Hard NRG is a darker, harder form of UK hard house [s1][s2]. It is also called nu-NRG, filthy hard house or simply filth [s1]. The music is built like hard house but takes influence from German hard trance [s1]. Where hard house is playful and uplifting, hard NRG is dark, aggressive and relentless [s1]. It uses distressed and gritty sounds [s1]. Its tempo is usually a little faster than hard house, at about 155 to 165 beats per minute [s1]. The style grew from the British hard house scene in the late 1990s [s1]. Producers such as Captain Tinrib, Lab 4 and Dave Joy became known for it [s1]. Labels such as Vicious Circle, Tinrib Digital and Tidy Trax released the music [s1]. Many releases moved from vinyl to CD and digital downloads [s1]. Hard NRG is often played at hard house and hard trance events [s1]. It is a small scene, but it has a loyal following [s1].","sound":["Tempos around 155 to 165 beats per minute","Dark, aggressive mood","Gritty, distorted sounds","Hard kick drums","Fewer happy melodies than hard house"],"figures":[{"name":"Captain Tinrib","role":"British hard NRG producer","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Lab 4","role":"British hard dance act","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Dave Joy","role":"Producer behind a well-known hard NRG track","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Ian M","role":"British hard house and hard NRG producer","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Vicious Circle","city":"London","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Tinrib Digital","city":"London","founded":2000,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Tidy Trax","city":"London","founded":1995,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Lab 4","title":"The NRG","year":2000,"label":"Vicious Circle","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A hard NRG record that states the name and sound of the style.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/35813065-Lab-4-The-Creator-The-NRG","youtube":{"id":"ItpBHvAl-y4","channel":"Hi, I'm Ben.","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"wqlfAXZfi3g","channel":"Christian Hanna","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Captain Tinrib presents Omega 3","title":"Subsonic","year":1999,"label":"Tinrib Digital","catalogNumber":"RIBD006","why":"A hard NRG track from one of the style's central producers.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1144797","youtube":{"id":"EovLfEvwbgc","channel":"Candyflipper HardTrance","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"WdB3O7jSUN4","channel":"Dj Peter77","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Dave Joy","title":"First Impression","year":2001,"label":"Joyride Music","catalogNumber":"JMJR137","why":"A hard NRG and hard trance record that stayed popular with the scene. The S.H.O.K.K. remix is the well-known version.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/24993763-Dave-Joy-First-Impression-Sabastien-Remix","youtube":{"id":"rsL4N5I8TQk","channel":"Joyride Music","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"CX4hj7z83cI","channel":"Wilmer Andersson","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"hard-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hard NRG grew directly from the British hard house scene.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hard-trance","type":"fusion_of","note":"It takes its dark, hard sound from German hard trance.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hi-nrg","type":"influenced","note":"The fast, relentless feel comes partly from hi-NRG.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Hard NRG","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_NRG","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Hard Nrg","author":null,"publisher":"Melodigging","year":null,"url":"https://www.melodigging.com/genre/hard-nrg","type":"database","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Hard NRG and hard house overlap heavily, and some records are sold under both names."],"color":"#e8892b"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"hard-trance","name":"Hard Trance","aliases":[],"family":"hard-dance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1992,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1995,"peakEnd":2000},"origins":[{"city":"Antwerp","country":"Belgium"},{"city":"Frankfurt","country":"Germany"}],"bpm":{"min":140,"max":180,"typical":150},"summary":"Hard, distorted trance with strong kicks and heavy reverb, popular at European raves.","history":"Hard trance is a fast, hard form of trance music [s1]. It began in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands in the early 1990s [s1]. It grew out of the breakbeat hardcore scene as producers moved into new styles [s1]. It takes influence from hard house, new beat, happy hardcore and jungle [s1]. Hard trance has strong, hard kicks, loud resonant bass and heavy reverb [s1]. Melodies are usually played between 140 and 180 beats per minute [s1]. The German DJ Scot Project helped shape its sound [s2]. In Belgium, the label Bonzai released records such as 'The First Rebirth' and 'The House of House' [s3]. Hard trance was most popular in the late 1990s [s1]. It was played at large raves across mainland Europe [s1]. It later developed into hardstyle, jumpstyle and gabber [s1]. Its popularity fell in the mid-2000s [s1]. Some hard trance records cross over with hard house and hardstyle [s1].","sound":["Strong, hard kick drums","Loud, resonant bass","Heavy reverb on the beat","A dark, driving mood","Melodic leads over hard drums"],"figures":[{"name":"DJ Scot Project","role":"German producer who shaped the hard trance sound","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Jones & Stephenson","role":"Belgian act behind 'The First Rebirth'","sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Cherry Moon Trax","role":"Belgian hard trance act","sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Cosmic Gate","role":"German hard trance duo","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Bonzai Records","city":"Antwerp","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Overdose","city":"Frankfurt","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Black Hole Recordings","city":"Breda","founded":1997,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Jones & Stephenson","title":"The First Rebirth","year":1993,"label":"Bonzai Records","catalogNumber":"BR 93034","why":"A Belgian hard trance record often named as a defining track of the style.","evidence":["s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1077198","youtube":{"id":"ghDlYgvod9k","channel":"Bonzai All Stars","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"GqIHVJX8HRU","channel":"Metheud","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Cherry Moon Trax","title":"The House of House","year":1994,"label":"Bonzai Records","catalogNumber":"BONMU 004-1","why":"A hard trance anthem from the Belgian Bonzai label.","evidence":["s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/704741","youtube":{"id":"Ri09fDIX8yc","channel":"Bonzai All Stars","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"hRIiA-LWVqw","channel":"Cherrymoon Trax - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Cosmic Gate","title":"Exploration of Space","year":2000,"label":"Black Hole Recordings","catalogNumber":"Black Hole 354-0","why":"A hard trance track that became an international club hit.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3582071-Cosmic-Gate-Exploration-Of-Space","youtube":{"id":"F8hSy1NoFYw","channel":"Black Hole Recordings","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"h6JizQVBdAw","channel":"Cosmic Gate - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hard trance is the hard, fast branch of trance.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hard-house","type":"influenced","note":"Its punchy drums and drive come partly from hard house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"new-beat","type":"influenced","note":"The Belgian new beat sound is one of its roots.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Hard trance","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_trance","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Trance Music History - From The Early 1990s Till Today","author":"Arjan Rietveld","publisher":"Beatportal","year":2023,"url":"https://www.beatportal.com/articles/51518-beatports-definitive-history-of-trance","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Hardcore (electronic dance music genre)","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardcore_(electronic_dance_music_genre)","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#e8892b"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"hardbass","name":"Hardbass","aliases":["Hard Bass"],"family":"hard-dance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1998,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2010,"peakEnd":2020},"origins":[{"city":"Saint Petersburg","country":"Russia"}],"bpm":{"min":150,"max":175,"typical":160},"summary":"Fast Russian pumping house with a metallic 'donk' bass, heavy kicks and chants.","history":"Hardbass is a fast form of pumping house from Russia [s1][s2]. It began in Saint Petersburg in the late 1990s [s1]. Producers took the pumping house sound and made it faster and harder [s1]. The style uses a metallic 'donk' bass that was first made by the Dutch act Klubbheads in 1997 [s1]. It also takes influence from bouncy techno and hardstyle [s1]. The tempo is usually about 150 to 175 beats per minute [s1]. Tracks often include heavy kicks, whistles and chanted or rapped vocals [s1]. The group XS Project became well known in the 2000s and 2010s [s1]. In 2010 they made a satirical video with radio presenters dressed as gopniks [s1]. The music spread on the internet and inspired scenes in other European countries [s1]. People sometimes dance to it in public while wearing tracksuits and masks [s1]. The dance is often filmed and shared online [s1]. Hardbass is closely tied to internet culture [s1].","sound":["Tempos around 150 to 175 beats per minute","A metallic 'donk' bass","Heavy, distorted kicks","Whistles and chanted vocals","A hard, pumping rhythm"],"figures":[{"name":"XS Project","role":"Saint Petersburg group that made hardbass widely known","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"DJ Snat","role":"Russian hardbass producer","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Klubbheads","role":"Dutch act who created the 'donk' bass sound","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Hard Bass School","role":"Russian hardbass group","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Soap Records","city":"Saint Petersburg","founded":2000,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"XS Project Records","city":"Saint Petersburg","founded":2010,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Gop FM","city":"Saint Petersburg","founded":2005,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"XS Project","title":"Bochka, Bass, Kolbaser","year":2003,"label":"Soap Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A hardbass anthem from the group that made the style famous.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=XS+Project+Bochka+Bass+Kolbaser&type=release","youtube":{"id":"iaD3139wG2M","channel":"XS Project","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"mM14xW7edWM","channel":"XS Project","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Hard Bass School","title":"Narkoman","year":2011,"label":"Soap Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A hardbass track with the style's heavy kick and chanted vocal.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Hard+Bass+School+Narkoman&type=release","youtube":{"id":"RBfrfSNX6ts","channel":"Hard Bass School","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"8LbzZyypYjc","channel":"iTsMaaT","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"DJ Snat","title":"Monster","year":2003,"label":"Soap Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A hardbass record from one of the scene's better-known producers.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=DJ+Snat+Monster&type=release","youtube":{"id":"O36GpD68Ca4","channel":"HARDBASS ARCHIVE INTERNATIONAL","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"hard-house","type":"influenced","note":"Hardbass grew from pumping house, a relative of hard house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hardstyle","type":"influenced","note":"It takes some hard kick and melody ideas from hardstyle.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"bouncy-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its fast, bouncy feel is close to bouncy techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Hardbass","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardbass","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Russian hard bass: How a musical monstrosity went viral","author":null,"publisher":"Russia Beyond","year":null,"url":"https://www.rbth.com/arts/327108-russian-hard-bass-how-it-went-viral","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Labels and release years for hardbass tracks are poorly documented outside Russia and should be confirmed. The meat of the scene is internet videos rather than clubs."],"color":"#e8892b"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"hardstyle","name":"Hardstyle","aliases":[],"family":"hard-dance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1999,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2003,"peakEnd":2015},"origins":[{"city":"Amsterdam","country":"Netherlands"},{"city":"Antwerp","country":"Belgium"},{"city":"Rome","country":"Italy"}],"bpm":{"min":140,"max":155,"typical":150},"summary":"Dutch mid-tempo hard dance with a distorted kick, reverse bass and big melodies.","history":"Hardstyle is an electronic dance style that began in the late 1990s in the Netherlands, Belgium and Italy [s1]. It mixes hard trance, hardcore and techno [s1][s2]. Early hardstyle was usually about 140 beats per minute, while modern hardstyle is closer to 150 [s1]. Its main feature is a hard, overdriven kick drum with an offbeat bass called a reverse bass [s1]. Producers can make the bassline with the kick itself by tuning and distorting it [s1]. The first hardstyle event, Qlubtempo, was held in Zaandam in 2000 [s3]. The company Q-Dance trademarked the name Hardstyle in 2002 [s3]. The first Defqon.1 festival followed in 2003 [s3]. Early producers and acts included The Prophet, Dana and later Headhunterz [s2][s3]. In the 2010s hardstyle reached large festival stages and influenced big room house [s1]. The style later split into euphoric hardstyle and rawstyle [s3]. Hardstyle festivals such as Defqon.1 became very large in the 2010s [s1].","sound":["A distorted, pitched kick drum","An offbeat 'reverse bass'","Big supersaw melodies","Tempos around 150 beats per minute","Long breakdowns before a drop"],"figures":[{"name":"The Prophet","role":"Dutch producer often called a godfather of hardstyle","sourceRefs":["s2","s3"]},{"name":"Headhunterz","role":"Producer who made hardstyle known to a wider audience","sourceRefs":["s2","s3"]},{"name":"Dana","role":"Dutch DJ and producer in the early scene","sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Showtek","role":"Dutch hardstyle act behind several anthems","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Scantraxx","city":"Beek en Donk","founded":2002,"sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Fusion Records","city":"Amsterdam","founded":2001,"sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Q-Dance","city":"Amsterdam","founded":1998,"sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Dirty Workz","city":"Belgium","founded":2007,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Showtek","title":"FTS","year":2006,"label":"Dutch Master Works","catalogNumber":"DMW 015","why":"A hardstyle track that became a festival anthem.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/25745233-Showtek-FTS","youtube":{"id":"3RTqJDH_sJo","channel":"Showtek - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"zOIWGT3oIs4","channel":"Piterrrxd","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Brennan Heart & Wildstylez","title":"Lose My Mind","year":2009,"label":"Scantraxx","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A hardstyle record from two leading Dutch producers.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3618728-Brennan-Heart-Wildstylez-Lose-My-Mind","youtube":{"id":"Q0r0pu8A6Z0","channel":"I AM HARDSTYLE","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"JP6Tz5tP8EE","channel":"wildstyleznl","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Da Tweekaz & Darren Styles","title":"Heroes","year":2016,"label":"Dirty Workz","catalogNumber":"DWX-317","why":"A later hardstyle track that mixes the Dutch and British scenes.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/8461569-Da-Tweekaz-Darren-Styles-Heroes-","youtube":{"id":"360qEjSpGdI","channel":"Dirty Workz","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"hard-trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hardstyle grew from hard trance and its reverse bass.","sourceRefs":["s1","s3"]},{"id":"gabber","type":"fusion_of","note":"It took the hard, distorted kick from gabber and hardcore.","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"id":"hard-house","type":"influenced","note":"Its club feel comes partly from hard house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Hardstyle","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardstyle","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Exploring Hardstyle: A Cornerstone of Dutch Dance Culture","author":null,"publisher":"Splice","year":null,"url":"https://splice.com/sounds/packs/sample-tools-by-cr2/hardstyle-rawstyle-hardcore/story","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"The hitchhiker's guide to Hard Dance Music","author":"Yuzhou Wang","publisher":"Firebird Magazine","year":null,"url":"https://firebirdmagazine.com/music-you-need-to-know/hard-dance-music","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["The exact origin of hardstyle is disputed; the entry follows the common version that it began as 'early hardstyle' around 1999-2000."],"color":"#e8892b"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"jumpstyle","name":"Jumpstyle","aliases":["Jumpen"],"family":"hard-dance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1997,"startApprox":false,"peakStart":2006,"peakEnd":2008},"origins":[{"city":"Antwerp","country":"Belgium"},{"city":"Amsterdam","country":"Netherlands"}],"bpm":{"min":140,"max":150,"typical":145},"summary":"A Belgian and Dutch hard dance style with a fast beat and its own jumping dance.","history":"Jumpstyle is a hard dance style from Belgium and the Netherlands [s1][s2]. It appeared in the late 1990s [s1]. The name also describes a dance called jumpen, in which dancers kick their heels to the beat [s1]. The Belgian artist Da Boy Tommy helped popularise the word in about 1998 [s1]. The music is fast, with a hard kick drum and simple melodies [s1]. It developed from hard house, hardstyle and hard trance [s1]. Between 2006 and 2008 jumpstyle became popular across Europe [s1]. The Dutch duo Jeckyll & Hyde had hits with 'Frozen Flame' and 'Freefall' [s1]. Patrick Jumpen reached the charts with 'The Secret' [s1]. The German group Scooter also helped the style become known internationally [s1]. The music is usually between 140 and 150 beats per minute [s1]. The dance is as important to the scene as the music [s1]. Interest fell in the early 2010s, but the style still has a small scene [s1].","sound":["Tempos around 145 beats per minute","A hard, simple kick","Short, catchy melodies","A bouncy rhythm for the jumpen dance","Few vocals"],"figures":[{"name":"Da Boy Tommy","role":"Belgian artist who popularised the name jumpstyle","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Jeckyll & Hyde","role":"Dutch duo behind jumpstyle chart hits","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Patrick Jumpen","role":"Dutch act behind a jumpstyle hit","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Scooter","role":"German group who spread jumpstyle internationally","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Lower East Side Records","city":"Amsterdam","founded":1995,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Kontor Records","city":"Hamburg","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Mostiko","city":"Belgium","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Jeckyll & Hyde","title":"Frozen Flame","year":2006,"label":"Lower East Side Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A jumpstyle hit that helped the style reach the charts.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1410760-Jeckyll-Hyde-Frozen-Flame","youtube":{"id":"tq02Os7EF9s","channel":"Kontor.TV","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"v4n6DzfVlkI","channel":"Jeckyll & Hyde - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Patrick Jumpen","title":"The Secret","year":2007,"label":"Lower East Side Records","catalogNumber":"none","why":"A jumpstyle record with the style's own dance in the video.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/32263914-Patrick-Jumpen-The-Secret","youtube":{"id":"WHEyUDt0U1g","channel":"Lower East Side Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"OG_JcEjvoN4","channel":"JumpstyIes","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Scooter","title":"Jumping All Over the World","year":2007,"label":"Sheffield Tunes","catalogNumber":"0186102STU","why":"A hit that carried jumpstyle to a wide international audience.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/18322537-Scooter-Jumping-All-Over-The-World","youtube":{"id":"AzplOkW3-p4","channel":"Scooter","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"0wOAWY_ykHg","channel":"Scooter - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"hardstyle","type":"evolved_from","note":"Jumpstyle grew from the hard dance and early hardstyle scene.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hardcore-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its hard kick and speed come from the hardcore family.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Jumpstyle","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumpstyle","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Biography - Jumpstyle","author":null,"publisher":"Jumpstyle4Life","year":null,"url":"https://jumpstyle4life.weebly.com/biography.html","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":[],"color":"#e8892b"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"rawstyle","name":"Rawstyle","aliases":["Raw Hardstyle"],"family":"hard-dance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2011,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2015,"peakEnd":2022},"origins":[{"city":"Amsterdam","country":"Netherlands"}],"bpm":{"min":150,"max":160,"typical":155},"summary":"Harder, stripped-back hardstyle with aggressive kicks, screeches and few melodies.","history":"Rawstyle is a harder, darker form of hardstyle [s1]. It emerged in the mid-2010s [s2]. Producers stripped away some of hardstyle's melodies and focused on aggressive sound [s2]. Rawstyle uses heavily distorted kicks, screeches and dark atmospheres [s1]. It has a raw and visceral feel [s2]. The tempo is usually a little faster than hardstyle, around 150 to 160 beats per minute [s1]. Artists such as E-Force, Warface and Radical Redemption became known for the style [s3]. Rawstyle tracks often have little singing and fewer bright melodies [s2]. It is popular at large hardstyle festivals and has its own dedicated audience [s3]. Some newer tracks mix rawstyle with euphoric melodies, and this mix is sometimes called rawphoric [s3]. Rawstyle is often played in the later, harder part of a hardstyle event [s3]. Its producers sometimes also work with hardcore artists [s3]. The style shares its tempo and kick design with hardstyle [s1].","sound":["Heavily distorted kick drums","Screeching lead sounds","Dark atmosphere","Fewer melodies and vocals","A fast, aggressive drive"],"figures":[{"name":"Radical Redemption","role":"Dutch rawstyle producer","sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"E-Force","role":"Dutch rawstyle producer","sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Warface","role":"Dutch rawstyle producer","sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Sub Zero Project","role":"Dutch act that mixes rawstyle and hardstyle","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Scantraxx","city":"Beek en Donk","founded":2002,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Dirty Workz","city":"Belgium","founded":2007,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Minus Is More","city":"Netherlands","founded":2009,"sourceRefs":["s3"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"E-Force","title":"Seven","year":2012,"label":"Minus Is More","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A rawstyle track from one of the style's known producers.","evidence":["s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/5979674-E-Force-Seven","youtube":{"id":"loyCp6_HZEA","channel":"E-Force","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"hOHknuMeE0o","channel":"RawStyle NL","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Warface","title":"Taste the Blade","year":2017,"label":"Minus Is More","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A later rawstyle record with a dark, aggressive sound.","evidence":["s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/27330261-Warface-Taste-The-Blade","youtube":{"id":"K4eKtuf-RiU","channel":"WARFACE","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"Radical Redemption","title":"Brutal 6.0","year":2016,"label":"Minus Is More","catalogNumber":"MINUS050","why":"A rawstyle track from a leading producer of the harder sound.","evidence":["s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/10114855-Radical-Redemption-Brutal-60","youtube":{"id":"blpQOvREuKY","channel":"Radical Redemption","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"hardstyle","type":"evolved_from","note":"Rawstyle is the harder, less melodic branch of hardstyle.","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"The hitchhiker's guide to Hard Dance Music","author":"Yuzhou Wang","publisher":"Firebird Magazine","year":null,"url":"https://firebirdmagazine.com/music-you-need-to-know/hard-dance-music","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Exploring Hardstyle: A Cornerstone of Dutch Dance Culture","author":null,"publisher":"Splice","year":null,"url":"https://splice.com/sounds/packs/sample-tools-by-cr2/hardstyle-rawstyle-hardcore/story","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Hardstyle","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardstyle","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Rawstyle and hardstyle share most of their production, and release labels should be confirmed on Discogs."],"color":"#e8892b"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"breakcore","name":"Breakcore","aliases":[],"family":"hardcore","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1994,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2000,"peakEnd":2008},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"Milwaukee","country":"United States"},{"city":"Newcastle","country":"Australia"}],"bpm":{"min":160,"max":200,"typical":180},"summary":"Chopped and distorted breakbeats played at hardcore speed with a wide range of samples.","history":"Breakcore came from jungle, hardcore and drum and bass in the mid to late 1990s [s1][s2]. It became its own scene around 1990 to 1994 [s1]. Early labels such as Addict, Peace Off, Sonic Belligeranza and Planet Mu released it [s1]. The music is built on chopped and rearranged breakbeats, often using the Amen break at high speed [s1]. Producers layer samples from many kinds of music [s1]. The Australian label Bloody Fist released hard, noisy records that helped define the sound [s1]. Digital Hardcore Recordings in Berlin also shaped it [s1]. Venetian Snares became the well-known breakcore artist in the mid-2000s [s1]. Other artists include Shitmat, Sickboy and Kid606 [s1]. The scene grew largely through the internet and file sharing [s1]. Breakcore can mix classical music, metal or rave sounds with fast drums [s1]. In the 2020s a new generation of producers made a softer, nostalgic form of breakcore [s1].","sound":["Fast, heavily chopped breakbeats","Distorted drums and bass","Samples from many genres","Sudden changes and edits","A chaotic, dense mix"],"figures":[{"name":"Venetian Snares","role":"Producer who popularised breakcore in the 2000s","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Shitmat","role":"British producer known for a humorous, sample-heavy style","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"DJ Scud","role":"British producer and co-founder of Ambush Records","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Mark Newlands","role":"Founder of the Australian label Bloody Fist","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Planet Mu","city":"London","founded":1998,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Bloody Fist Records","city":"Newcastle","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Peace Off","city":"Rennes","founded":1997,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Digital Hardcore Recordings","city":"Berlin","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Venetian Snares","title":"Hajnal","year":2005,"label":"Planet Mu","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A breakcore track that mixes fast drums with classical string samples.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Venetian+Snares+Hajnal&type=release","youtube":{"id":"EDQrK1-8CNs","channel":"Venetian Snares - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"FbJ63spk48s","channel":"Marginales","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Shitmat","title":"There's No Business Like Propa' Rungleclotted Mashup Bizznizz","year":2004,"label":"Planet Mu","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A sample-heavy breakcore track that helped name the 'mashcore' style.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Shitmat+Rungleclotted&type=release","youtube":{"id":"HkYWazncwPw","channel":"Shitmat - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"3UbB73H1PpQ","channel":"Ben Woolley","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Scud & Nomex","title":"Total Destruction","year":1996,"label":"Ambush","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early record that helped define breakcore's noise and speed.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/223755-Scud-Nomex-Total-Destruction","youtube":{"id":"n1_PPgbsAV4","channel":"Noise & Politics","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"breakbeat-hardcore","type":"evolved_from","note":"Breakcore grew from the breakbeat hardcore and rave sound.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"jungle","type":"fusion_of","note":"It uses the chopped breakbeats of jungle.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hardcore-techno","type":"fusion_of","note":"It takes its speed and distortion from hardcore techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Breakcore","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakcore","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Energy Flash: A Journey Through Rave Music and Dance Culture","author":"Simon Reynolds","publisher":"Soft Skull Press","year":2013,"url":null,"type":"book","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#d64545"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"crossbreed","name":"Crossbreed","aliases":["Crossbreed Hardcore","Hardcore Drum and Bass"],"family":"hardcore","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2003,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2010,"peakEnd":2020},"origins":[{"city":"Rotterdam","country":"Netherlands"}],"bpm":{"min":170,"max":190,"typical":175},"summary":"Drum and bass tempo and breakbeats mixed with hardcore kicks and heavy distortion.","history":"Crossbreed mixes drum and bass with hardcore techno and gabber [s1]. It appeared in the Netherlands in the 2000s [s1][s2]. The music keeps the speed and breakbeats of drum and bass [s1][s2]. On top of that it adds hardcore's long, distorted kick drums [s1]. The result is loud and industrial [s1]. Tempos are usually about 170 to 190 beats per minute [s1]. This is close to drum and bass speed [s2]. Artists such as The Outside Agency, Counterstrike and Current Value are central to the style [s2]. The label PRSPCT Recordings releases a lot of crossbreed [s2]. The sound is played at both hardcore and drum and bass events [s1]. It is a small scene, but it connects two large dance music crowds [s1]. Crossbreed producers often use dark, metallic sounds and heavy bass [s2]. The style is also called crossbreed drum and bass because of its speed [s1].","sound":["Tempos close to drum and bass","Harsh, distorted kick drums","Chopped breakbeats","Metallic, industrial textures","Dark, heavy bass"],"figures":[{"name":"The Outside Agency","role":"Dutch crossbreed act","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Counterstrike","role":"South African drum and bass act that works in crossbreed","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Current Value","role":"German producer known for hard, industrial drum and bass","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Donny","role":"Producer in the crossbreed scene","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"PRSPCT Recordings","city":"Rotterdam","founded":2005,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Genosha","city":"Rotterdam","founded":2001,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Position Chrome","city":"Berlin","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"The Outside Agency & Counterstrike","title":"My Friends","year":2010,"label":"Genosha","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A crossbreed record from two central acts of the style.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=The+Outside+Agency+Counterstrike+My+Friends&type=release","youtube":{"id":"wKPZzsvgu0Q","channel":"The Outside Agency - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"geGJNXAnCKc","channel":"robert616","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Current Value","title":"Happy Mode","year":2012,"label":"Subsistenz","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A hard, industrial track by a producer named as central to crossbreed.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Current+Value+Happy+Mode&type=release","youtube":{"id":"Hb_AM2Dbo9Q","channel":"Current Value - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"The Outside Agency","title":"Now This Is Crossbreed","year":2011,"label":"Genosha","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A track that states the name and sound of the style.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/5527928-Outside-Agency-Now-This-Is-Crossbreed-Vol-10","youtube":{"id":"LcMeqfu93PY","channel":"Derelict's Zone","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"drum-and-bass","type":"fusion_of","note":"Crossbreed keeps the tempo and breakbeats of drum and bass.","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"id":"hardcore-techno","type":"fusion_of","note":"It adds the distorted kicks and intensity of hardcore techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"industrial-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its dark, industrial textures come from industrial techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Crossbreed","author":null,"publisher":"The Sound Atlas","year":null,"url":"https://thesoundatlas.org/discover/crossbreed","type":"database","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Crossbreed","author":null,"publisher":"Melodigging","year":null,"url":"https://www.melodigging.com/genre/crossbreed","type":"database","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"low","openQuestions":["Writing about crossbreed is limited to genre databases and fan sites. Years and labels for its tracks should be confirmed on Discogs."],"color":"#d64545"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"freeform","name":"Freeform","aliases":["Freeform Hardcore"],"family":"hardcore","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2000,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2002,"peakEnd":2008},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"Newcastle upon Tyne","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":170,"max":185,"typical":178},"summary":"Complex, trance-influenced UK hardcore with fast rhythms and big melodies.","history":"Freeform is a British style related to happy hardcore and UK hardcore [s1]. New styles came out of happy hardcore in the late 1990s, and freeform was one of them [s1]. It is faster and more complex than the older happy hardcore sound [s1]. Producers such as Kevin Energy and Sharkey were central to it [s1]. The label Nu Energy released many freeform records [s1]. The music often mixes hardcore speed with trance melodies and long, changing structures [s2]. It was played at clubs and on the Bonkers compilations in the 2000s [s1]. Some freeform tracks are close to the trance-driven UK hardcore of the same years [s1]. The style stayed an underground sound, but it kept a loyal audience [s1]. It is usually 170 to 185 beats per minute [s2]. Producers still release freeform tracks today [s1]. The scene is small, but its records are collected by hardcore fans around the world [s1].","sound":["Fast, complex drum programming","Trance-like melodies","Long, changing structures","Hard kick drums","Few vocals, or short vocal samples"],"figures":[{"name":"Kevin Energy","role":"Producer and label owner central to freeform","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Sharkey","role":"DJ and producer in the freeform scene","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"CLSM","role":"UK hardcore act behind a well-known freeform anthem","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Eryk Orpheus","role":"Collaborator on freeform records","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Nu Energy","city":"London","founded":2001,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Stamina Records","city":"Newcastle upon Tyne","founded":2002,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"React","city":"London","founded":1990,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"CLSM","title":"John Peel (Not Enough)","year":2003,"label":"CLSM","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A freeform track that became a statement for the British hardcore scene.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/306455-CLSM-John-Peel-Not-Enough","youtube":{"id":"I_W9aegMBBg","channel":"CLSM - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"9Dhs3K_pECY","channel":"GolgoThirt33n","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Sharkey, Kevin Energy & Eryk Orpheus","title":"Hit Ya Hard","year":2003,"label":"Nu Energy","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A freeform record from three central producers of the style.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Sharkey+Kevin+Energy+Hit+Ya+Hard&type=release","youtube":{"id":"ZHHANhLoYcM","channel":"FireOfHardcore","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"Kevin Energy","title":"Freeform Will Never Die","year":2008,"label":"Nu Energy","catalogNumber":"NUNRG077","why":"A later anthem that states the scene's name and spirit.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2378361-Kevin-Energy-Freeform-Will-Never-Die-EP","youtube":{"id":"bRoZeG2eOoA","channel":"Kevin Energy - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"5effnGqBbVA","channel":"Kevin Energy - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"happy-hardcore","type":"evolved_from","note":"Freeform came out of the happy hardcore scene in Britain.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"trance","type":"influenced","note":"Its long melodies and build-ups borrow from trance.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Hardcore (electronic dance music genre)","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardcore_(electronic_dance_music_genre)","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Why Don't We All Go Bonkers? The Rise and Fall of Happy Hardcore","author":"Jaimie Hodgson","publisher":"Vice","year":2019,"url":"https://www.vice.com/en/article/happy-hardcore-history-trivia-slipmatt-dougal-hixxy-sharkey","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"low","openQuestions":["Freeform has less formal writing than other hardcore styles. Labels and years for the tracks should be confirmed on Discogs."],"color":"#d64545"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"frenchcore","name":"Frenchcore","aliases":[],"family":"hardcore","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1994,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2015,"peakEnd":2022},"origins":[{"city":"Paris","country":"France"},{"city":"Rennes","country":"France"}],"bpm":{"min":180,"max":220,"typical":195},"summary":"Fast French hardcore with a loud, distorted offbeat bassline, popular at freetekno parties.","history":"Frenchcore is a French style of hardcore techno [s1]. It began in the rave and freetekno scenes in the middle of the 1990s [s1]. The act Micropoint was founded by DJ Radium and Al Core in 1992 [s1]. Radium later worked alone and became the style's well-known producer [s1]. He started the label Psychik Genocide [s1]. For many years the music stayed underground in France and Italy [s1]. Its tempo is usually above 180 beats per minute [s1]. It is known for a loud, distorted offbeat bassline [s1]. In the second half of the 2000s some producers added melodic and psychedelic sounds [s1]. In the 2010s the style became popular in the Netherlands [s1][s2]. Dr. Peacock and his label Peacock Records led the change, and Sefa became a young star [s1]. Frenchcore gained stages at large festivals such as Defqon.1 [s1]. A melodic form is sometimes called euphoric frenchcore [s1].","sound":["Tempos above 180 beats per minute","A distorted offbeat bassline","Hard, heavy kicks","Simple melodic hooks","Live instruments on some modern records"],"figures":[{"name":"DJ Radium","role":"Founder of Micropoint and Psychik Genocide","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Al Core","role":"Co-founder of Micropoint","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Dr. Peacock","role":"Dutch producer who led the modern frenchcore sound","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Sefa","role":"Young Dutch producer who brought frenchcore to festival crowds","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Psychik Genocide","city":"Paris","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Peacock Records","city":"Tilburg","founded":2016,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Audiogenic","city":"Rennes","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Radium","title":"Multimedia","year":1996,"label":"Psychik Genocide","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early frenchcore record from the producer who shaped the style.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Radium+Multimedia+Psychik+Genocide&type=release","youtube":{"id":"BqoWR7l5qBQ","channel":"HCBX","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"Dr. Peacock","title":"Trip to Ireland","year":2016,"label":"Peacock Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A modern frenchcore record that helped the style reach bigger crowds.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Dr+Peacock+Trip+to+Ireland&type=release","youtube":{"id":"h1DB_sqLV7w","channel":"Dr. Peacock","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"f0HVslUBbyo","channel":"Dr. Peacock - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Sefa","title":"Leven is Lijden","year":2018,"label":"Peacock Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An album track that introduced many hardstyle fans to frenchcore.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Sefa+Leven+is+Lijden&type=release","youtube":{"id":"GAeCB3-NqX4","channel":"Sefa","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"l8JUM8jrflc","channel":"Frenchcore Hardcore","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"hardcore-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Frenchcore is a French branch of hardcore techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"gabber","type":"fusion_of","note":"It mixed hard Dutch and Belgian hardcore with French freetekno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Frenchcore","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenchcore","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"International Artist Series: Meet Dr Peacock","author":"China Rose Clemmons","publisher":"Relentless Beats","year":2024,"url":"https://relentlessbeats.com/2024/02/meet-dr-peacock-taking-frenchcore-worldwide","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["The year of Radium's 'Multimedia' could not be confirmed. Wikipedia's frenchcore article relies partly on primary and fan sources."],"color":"#d64545"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"gabber","name":"Gabber","aliases":["Gabba","Rotterdam Hardcore"],"family":"hardcore","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1991,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1992,"peakEnd":1997},"origins":[{"city":"Rotterdam","country":"Netherlands"},{"city":"Amsterdam","country":"Netherlands"}],"bpm":{"min":150,"max":190,"typical":175},"summary":"The Dutch fast hardcore style with distorted kick drums, dark themes and a large youth scene.","history":"Gabber is a Dutch style of hardcore techno and the youth culture around it [s1]. It was developed in Rotterdam and Amsterdam in the early 1990s [s1]. Producers such as Marc Acardipane, Paul Elstak, DJ Rob and The Prophet made the music [s1]. The word gabber comes from Amsterdam slang meaning 'mate' or 'friend' [s1]. An Amsterdam DJ used it to describe the hard Rotterdam crowd [s1]. Paul Elstak put the words 'Gabber zijn is geen schande' on an early Euromasters record in 1992 [s1]. DJ Rob had a Friday night at the club Parkzicht in Rotterdam from 1989 [s2]. Paul Elstak started Rotterdam Records in 1992, the first hardcore label in the Netherlands [s1]. The Thunderdome compilations and parties began in 1993 and made the sound known across Europe [s1]. Gabbers dressed in tracksuits and shaved their heads, and they danced a fast step called hakken [s1]. The scene faded in the late 1990s [s1]. It became popular again in the late 2010s [s1].","sound":["A fast, pounding beat","A heavily distorted kick drum","Dark or shouted vocal samples","Simple, hard melodies","Very little quiet space"],"figures":[{"name":"Paul Elstak","role":"Rotterdam DJ; founder of Rotterdam Records","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"DJ Rob","role":"Rotterdam DJ with a residency at Parkzicht","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Marc Acardipane","role":"German producer who worked with Dutch gabber labels","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"The Prophet","role":"Dutch gabber producer and DJ","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Rotterdam Records","city":"Rotterdam","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Mokum Records","city":"Amsterdam","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"ID&T","city":"Amsterdam","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Rotterdam Termination Source","title":"Poing","year":1992,"label":"Rotterdam Records","catalogNumber":"ROT 504","why":"A fun, fast gabber record that became a hit in the Netherlands.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1163973-Rotterdam-Termination-Source-Poing","youtube":{"id":"lQ6jZgMaZk4","channel":"TheRotterdamRecords","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"uK-hVNWlrgA","channel":"Rotterdam Termination Source - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Euromasters","title":"Alles Naar de Klote","year":1992,"label":"Rotterdam Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early gabber record whose sleeve helped name the scene.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/24524357-Euromasters-Alles-Naar-De-Klote-Naughty-Kicks-Feat-Sound-Reaver-Bootleg","youtube":{"id":"apBMYXcYFvI","channel":"Cloud 9 Music","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"yE32aoIDjvY","channel":"TheRotterdamRecords","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"The Prophet","title":"Dominatin'","year":1993,"label":"Dreamteam Productions","catalogNumber":"DREAM II","why":"A gabber track by one of the scene's well-known producers.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/94269-The-Prophet-Dominatin-EP","youtube":{"id":"oUK7A3NoPyk","channel":"The Prophet - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"DAA0N2rRCRo","channel":"DJ The Prophet","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"hardcore-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Gabber is the Dutch, faster branch of hardcore techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"acid-house","type":"influenced","note":"House and acid house parties in the Netherlands came before gabber.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"new-beat","type":"influenced","note":"New beat was part of the hard dance sound that gabber grew from.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Gabber","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabber","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"A Brief History of Gabber","author":"Holly Dicker / Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision","publisher":"Google Arts & Culture","year":2020,"url":"https://artsandculture.google.com/story/a-brief-history-of-gabber-the-netherlands-institute-for-sound-and-vision/ugXxcmEzFVvjKQ","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#d64545"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"happy-hardcore","name":"Happy Hardcore","aliases":["4-beat"],"family":"hardcore","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1992,"startApprox":false,"peakStart":1995,"peakEnd":1997},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"Essex","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"Northampton","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":160,"max":180,"typical":170},"summary":"Fast, happy breakbeat rave music with pianos and pitched-up vocals, popular in Britain in the mid-1990s.","history":"Happy hardcore came from the British breakbeat hardcore rave scene and from hardcore techno in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands [s1]. By late 1992, breakbeat hardcore was splitting into darker styles, jungle and a happier '4-beat' sound [s1]. The happy side kept piano rolls and uplifting vocals [s1]. DJs such as Slipmatt, DJ Sy, DJ Seduction, Wishdokta, DJ Dougal and Billy Bunter played it [s1]. Slipmatt's 'SMD 1' is often named as the record that started the style [s2]. Labels such as Kniteforce, Hectic and Impact released the music [s1]. The rave events Dreamscape and Helter Skelter hosted it [s1]. In 1995 Hixxy and Sharkey released 'Toytown' [s2]. The 'Bonkers' compilation series began in 1996 and sold very well [s2]. The music was popular with a young, suburban audience [s2]. Its tempo is usually 160 to 180 beats per minute [s1]. The style faded at the end of the 1990s and was later reworked as UK hardcore [s2].","sound":["Fast breakbeats with a four-to-the-floor kick","Happy piano melodies","High, pitched-up female vocals","Uplifting, major-key chords","Cartoon and rave samples"],"figures":[{"name":"Slipmatt","role":"DJ and producer often named as a founder of the style","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"DJ Hixxy","role":"DJ and co-founder of the Bonkers compilations","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Sharkey","role":"DJ, MC and Bonkers co-founder","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"DJ Dougal","role":"DJ and producer at the centre of the scene","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Force & Styles","role":"Producers behind several happy hardcore anthems","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Kniteforce Records","city":"London","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Hectic Records","city":"London","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"React","city":"London","founded":1990,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Impact Records","city":"London","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Hixxy & Sharkey","title":"Toytown","year":1995,"label":"Essential Platinum","catalogNumber":"PLUK 001","why":"A cult happy hardcore record that helped the Bonkers era begin.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2065792","youtube":{"id":"WALO5tQQ1D0","channel":"Jinsanyu","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"iV3a-wGhHwk","channel":"Happy Hardcore Will Never Die","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Force & Styles","title":"Heart of Gold","year":1996,"label":"UK Dance","catalogNumber":"UKDS 001","why":"A happy hardcore anthem named as a defining track of the style.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/24736-Force-Styles-Heart-Of-Gold-All-Systems-Go","youtube":{"id":"xBoIil3iZ-Y","channel":"Force & Styles - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"wk_xOUGYcgU","channel":"Force & Styles - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Force & Styles","title":"Pretty Green Eyes","year":1996,"label":"UK Dance","catalogNumber":"UKD 010","why":"A well-known happy hardcore vocal track from the scene's later years.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/148607-Force-Styles-Featuring-Junior-Pretty-Green-Eyes","youtube":{"id":"ayZhhQHaXY4","channel":"Force & Styles - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"7PtRhZp86rg","channel":"djgarf1210","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"breakbeat-hardcore","type":"evolved_from","note":"Happy hardcore is the upbeat branch of British breakbeat hardcore.","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"id":"hardcore-techno","type":"fusion_of","note":"It also took from the hardcore techno made in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"italo-house","type":"influenced","note":"Its piano riffs and happy mood come partly from Italian house music.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Happy hardcore","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_hardcore","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Why Don't We All Go Bonkers? The Rise and Fall of Happy Hardcore","author":"Jaimie Hodgson","publisher":"Vice","year":2019,"url":"https://www.vice.com/en/article/happy-hardcore-history-trivia-slipmatt-dougal-hixxy-sharkey","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#d64545"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"hardcore-techno","name":"Hardcore Techno","aliases":["Rave Hardcore"],"family":"hardcore","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1990,"startApprox":false,"peakStart":1992,"peakEnd":1996},"origins":[{"city":"Rotterdam","country":"Netherlands"},{"city":"Frankfurt","country":"Germany"},{"city":"Antwerp","country":"Belgium"}],"bpm":{"min":150,"max":200,"typical":170},"summary":"Fast, distorted rave music that began in the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany in the early 1990s.","history":"Hardcore techno began in the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany in the early 1990s [s1]. It grew from techno, acid house, new beat and electronic body music [s1]. The music is fast and uses a distorted, heavy kick drum [s1]. In 1990 the German producer Marc Trauner, also called Mescalinum United, released 'We Have Arrived' [s1][s2]. Many writers call it the first hardcore techno record [s2]. The word 'hardcore techno' had already been used by EBM groups in the late 1980s [s1]. Belgian producers such as T99 and Second Phase made hard dance records that were popular in 1991 [s1]. Artists like L.A. Style and Human Resource followed [s1]. In New York, DJ Lenny Dee started the label Industrial Strength Records in 1991 [s1]. It became the first label devoted to hardcore [s1]. In Rotterdam, DJs and producers slowed nothing down and made a faster, harder style that became known as gabber [s1]. By about 1993 the music was simply called hardcore [s1]. The energy and speed of the sound shaped many later styles, including happy hardcore, speedcore and hardstyle [s1].","sound":["Very fast tempos","A heavily distorted kick drum","Harsh, loud synthesizer stabs","Dark or aggressive samples","A simple, driving structure"],"figures":[{"name":"Marc Trauner (Mescalinum United)","role":"German producer of 'We Have Arrived' and founder of Planet Core Productions","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Lenny Dee","role":"New York DJ who founded Industrial Strength Records","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Paul Elstak","role":"Rotterdam DJ and label owner","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Rob Fabrie","role":"Dutch producer in early hardcore projects","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Planet Core Productions","city":"Frankfurt","founded":1989,"sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Industrial Strength Records","city":"New York","founded":1991,"sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"R&S Records","city":"Ghent","founded":1984,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Rotterdam Records","city":"Rotterdam","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Mescalinum United","title":"We Have Arrived","year":1990,"label":"Planet Core Productions","catalogNumber":"PCP 006","why":"An early record often called the first hardcore techno track.","evidence":["s1","s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2931198","youtube":{"id":"MAVErwmRhMI","channel":"Mescalinum United - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"G3IixvevE98","channel":"Mescalinum United - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"T99","title":"Anasthasia","year":1991,"label":"Who's That Beat?","catalogNumber":"none","why":"A Belgian hard dance hit whose stab sound became a hardcore trademark.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/13008301-T99-Anasthasia","youtube":{"id":"1v2oLxr2EZ8","channel":"T99 - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"LhGq6s-7oA8","channel":"Jonny Rootstem","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Human Resource","title":"Dominator","year":1991,"label":"R&S Records","catalogNumber":"RSUK 4","why":"A hard techno record widely played in the early hardcore scene.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1703514-Human-Resource-Dominator","youtube":{"id":"Gx_Fp5NdHcA","channel":"Human Resource - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"Q--79iGN_t8","channel":"Armada Music TV","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"detroit-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hardcore techno grew from the fast electronic beat of techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"acid-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Acid house was one of the styles that fed into early hardcore.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"new-beat","type":"fusion_of","note":"The Belgian new beat sound was a direct ingredient.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"ebm","type":"fusion_of","note":"Electronic body music gave hardcore its harsh, industrial edge.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Hardcore (electronic dance music genre)","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardcore_(electronic_dance_music_genre)","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"A Brief History of Gabber","author":"Holly Dicker / Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision","publisher":"Google Arts & Culture","year":2020,"url":"https://artsandculture.google.com/story/a-brief-history-of-gabber-the-netherlands-institute-for-sound-and-vision/ugXxcmEzFVvjKQ","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["'We Have Arrived' is dated 1990 by Wikipedia and 1991 by some other sources. The year 1990 is used here."],"color":"#d64545"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"j-core","name":"J-Core","aliases":["Japanese Hardcore","Japcore"],"family":"hardcore","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1998,"startApprox":false,"peakStart":2006,"peakEnd":2015},"origins":[{"city":"Tokyo","country":"Japan"}],"bpm":{"min":160,"max":220,"typical":185},"summary":"Japanese hardcore that mixes European hardcore with anime, game and pop samples.","history":"J-core is the Japanese style of hardcore techno [s1]. It began in the late 1990s, when Europe's hardcore, speedcore and gabber scenes were at their height [s1]. Producers combined those sounds with Japanese pop, anime and game music [s1]. Jea of DJ Sharpnel is seen as the founder of the style [s1]. In 1998 he released High Speed Music Team on his Sharpnelsound label [s2]. Other early producers were Technorch, M1dy, DJ Chucky and Shimamura [s2]. The music often uses very high tempos, sharp cuts and cartoon-like melodies [s2]. It is closely linked to the doujin, or self-published, music scene [s1]. The term 'J-core' was first used around 2006 to describe Sharpnel's music [s1]. The scene grew through peer-to-peer networks and internet forums [s1]. Many fans listen at home or online rather than in clubs [s2]. Western producers also make J-core today [s1].","sound":["Very fast tempos","Samples from anime, games and pop songs","Sharp cuts and changes","Cute or cartoon-like melodies","Heavy, distorted kicks"],"figures":[{"name":"Jea (DJ Sharpnel)","role":"Producer seen as the founder of J-core","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"DJ Technorch","role":"Japanese hardcore producer and writer on the scene","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"M1dy","role":"Early Japanese hardcore producer","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"t+pazolite","role":"Japanese producer known for fast, melodic hardcore","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Sharpnelsound","city":"Tokyo","founded":1998,"sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Guhroovy","city":"Tokyo","founded":1998,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Psycho Filth Records","city":"Tokyo","founded":2007,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"DJ Sharpnel","title":"Blue Army","year":2005,"label":"Sharpnelsound","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A J-core track from the act that founded the style.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=DJ+Sharpnel+Blue+Army&type=release","youtube":{"id":"YgSH7eveBpI","channel":"bestofsharpnelsound","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"wPaq741VulA","channel":"Itsearlyhoursofthemorning","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"t+pazolite","title":"Candy Crack Curtain Call","year":2014,"label":"C.H.S","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A fast, melodic J-core track from a well-known producer.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=t+pazolite+Candy+Crack+Curtain+Call&type=release","youtube":{"id":"KfZnvbzo4-Q","channel":"t+pazolite - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"jNd4XTFRfFM","channel":"t+pazolite","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"DJ Technorch","title":"Gothic System 2011","year":2011,"label":"Sharpnelsound","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A dramatic J-core track by a central producer and writer on the scene.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=DJ+Technorch+Gothic+System+2011&type=release","youtube":{"id":"p3U9ehNWeTY","channel":"DJ TECHNORCH - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"FOwnY2SNst8","channel":"DJ TECHNORCH - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"hardcore-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"J-core is the Japanese branch of hardcore techno.","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"id":"speedcore","type":"fusion_of","note":"Many J-core tracks use speedcore tempos and sounds.","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"id":"breakcore","type":"influenced","note":"Its use of sharp cuts and unusual samples is close to breakcore.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"A Kick in the Kawaii: Inside the World of J-Core","author":"Vivian Host","publisher":"Red Bull Music Academy Daily","year":2015,"url":"https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2015/01/j-core-feature","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"J-core","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-core","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["J-core mixes several hardcore styles and some producers reject the label. Release years and labels for the tracks should be confirmed on Discogs."],"color":"#d64545"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"mainstream-hardcore","name":"Mainstream Hardcore","aliases":["Dutch Hardcore","Mainstyle","Nu Style Gabber"],"family":"hardcore","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2001,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2002,"peakEnd":2012},"origins":[{"city":"Rotterdam","country":"Netherlands"}],"bpm":{"min":165,"max":180,"typical":175},"summary":"The polished, slower Dutch hardcore sound that grew from gabber in the early 2000s.","history":"Mainstream hardcore grew from early hardcore, which was called gabber at the time [s1][s3]. In the late 1990s hardstyle became more popular and gabber lost some of its audience [s1]. The music survived underground and became popular again in the Netherlands in 2002 [s1]. Producers made a slower, darker, more industrial sound with a deeper bass drum [s1]. This newer style was called 'New Style' or 'mainstream' [s1]. DJ Promo and his label The Third Movement were important in this change [s2]. Groups such as Endymion, Kasparov, Art of Fighters, The Stunned Guys and DJ Mad Dog became well known [s2]. Angerfist became one of the biggest names in the 2010s and entered the DJ Mag Top 100 in 2011 [s1]. The tempo is usually 165 to 180 beats per minute [s1]. Vocals and samples are often shouted or distorted [s1]. The style is the main sound at large Dutch hardcore festivals today [s1].","sound":["A deep, distorted bass drum","Tempos around 170 to 180 beats per minute","Shouted or pitch-shifted vocals","Dark melodies","Samples from films and other music"],"figures":[{"name":"Angerfist","role":"Dutch producer and one of the best-known mainstream hardcore acts","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"DJ Promo","role":"Producer and founder of The Third Movement","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Neophyte","role":"Long-running Dutch hardcore group","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Endymion","role":"Dutch hardcore group","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"The Third Movement","city":"Amsterdam","founded":1998,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Neophyte Records","city":"Rotterdam","founded":1998,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Traxtorm Records","city":"Rome","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Angerfist feat. MC Da Mouth of Madness","title":"Raise Your Fist Again","year":2008,"label":"Masters of Hardcore","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A mainstream hardcore record from the scene's well-known modern act.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Angerfist+Raise+Your+Fist&type=release","youtube":{"id":"Nz9RQSwJBBY","channel":"Angerfist","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"_Aa_i5TL71A","channel":"Angerfist","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Neophyte","title":"Braincracking","year":1996,"label":"Rotterdam Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A mainstream hardcore track by a long-running Dutch group.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/27114645-Neophyte-Braincracking-Nosferatu-Remix","youtube":{"id":"SugFbxZxY_U","channel":"Neophyte","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"cOrm56BaeRc","channel":"Dennis M","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"The Stunned Guys & DJ Paul","title":"Thrillseeka","year":1999,"label":"Traxtorm Records","catalogNumber":"TRAX 9914","why":"An Italian-Dutch hardcore record that stayed popular as the mainstream sound formed.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/23760-The-Stunned-Guys-DJ-Paul-Thrillseeka","youtube":{"id":"z0MZQsXR7ew","channel":"Traxtorm Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"UzAq7fUrewg","channel":"Bruno El Gallego","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"gabber","type":"evolved_from","note":"Mainstream hardcore is a slower, more polished form of gabber.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"industrial-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its industrial feel comes partly from hard industrial dance music.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Mainstream hardcore","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainstream_hardcore","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Hardcore (electronic dance music genre)","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardcore_(electronic_dance_music_genre)","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Diving through Hardcore Techno: Subgenres, History, and Artists","author":null,"publisher":"6AM","year":2023,"url":"https://6amgroup.com/articles/guides-all/diving-through-hardcore-techno-subgenres-history-and-artists","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["First-release years for Angerfist 'Raise Your Fist Again' and Neophyte 'Braincracking' could not be confirmed on Discogs. A human should check them."],"color":"#d64545"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"makina","name":"Makina","aliases":["Mákina"],"family":"hardcore","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1991,"startApprox":false,"peakStart":1995,"peakEnd":1997},"origins":[{"city":"Valencia","country":"Spain"},{"city":"Barcelona","country":"Spain"}],"bpm":{"min":150,"max":180,"typical":165},"summary":"Fast Spanish dance music mixing hardcore, bouncy techno and hard trance.","history":"Makina is a Spanish style of hardcore techno [s1]. It began in Valencia in the early 1990s [s1]. It grew from a local sound called bakalao, which was played in Valencian clubs in the late 1980s [s1]. The music mixes bouncy techno, hard trance and Eurodance [s1]. Its tempo is usually 150 to 180 beats per minute [s1]. In 1991 the Spanish producer Chimo Bayo released 'Asi me gusta a mi' [s1]. The track was a hit in Europe and helped the style grow [s1]. Makina was very popular in Spain from 1995 to 1997 [s1]. Many makina singles reached number one in the Spanish chart [s1]. The group EX-3 had two number-one singles in 1995 and 1996 [s1]. The sound later became popular in North East England and Scotland [s1][s3]. After some big clubs closed, it was partly replaced by scouse house there [s1]. Japanese producers also make makina today [s2].","sound":["Fast, bouncy beats","Bright, simple melodies","Happy or energetic mood","Hard kick drums","Vocal samples and chants"],"figures":[{"name":"Chimo Bayo","role":"Spanish producer behind an early makina hit","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"EX-3","role":"Spanish makina group with two number-one singles","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Pont Aeri","role":"Barcelona club and act linked to makina","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Newton","role":"Act behind 'Streamline', a well-known makina track","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Fresco Records","city":"Valencia","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Bit Music","city":"Barcelona","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Pont Aeri Records","city":"Barcelona","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Chimo Bayo","title":"Asi me gusta a mi","year":1991,"label":"Bit Music","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A Spanish hit that is often named as the start of makina.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/5573633-Chimo-Bayo-Asi-Me-Gusta-A-Mi","youtube":{"id":"Fqi8Rtv0jcc","channel":"Dj Tino Ramires","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"DwjEDNMqVTc","channel":"ITALOCO","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"EX-3","title":"Extres","year":1995,"label":"Fresco Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A number-one Spanish makina single from the style's peak years.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/8668644-EX-3-Extres","youtube":{"id":"SmAKNzSy7jk","channel":"Fresco Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"Q3NjXxbsIAM","channel":"DJ GORO MIXES AND TRACKS","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Newton","title":"Streamline","year":1994,"label":"Bit Music","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A makina track that later became known to a worldwide audience.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/12248690-Newton-Streamline","youtube":{"id":"ttD4mWv24bU","channel":"Newton - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"E7k1LJ7D-Uo","channel":"Odejijayer","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"hardcore-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Makina is the Spanish branch of hardcore techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"happy-hardcore","type":"influenced","note":"It shares the happy, bouncy mood of British happy hardcore.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"eurodance","type":"influenced","note":"Its sung hooks and simple melodies come partly from Eurodance.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Makina","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makina","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Hardcore (electronic dance music genre)","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardcore_(electronic_dance_music_genre)","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Hardcore History: Makina","author":null,"publisher":"Core History","year":2009,"url":"http://corehistory.blogspot.com/2009/12/makina.html","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["First-release labels for the three tracks are uncertain and should be confirmed on Discogs."],"color":"#d64545"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"speedcore","name":"Speedcore","aliases":[],"family":"hardcore","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1992,"startApprox":false,"peakStart":1995,"peakEnd":2010},"origins":[{"city":"Rotterdam","country":"Netherlands"},{"city":"New York","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":240,"max":600,"typical":300},"summary":"Extreme-tempo hardcore, usually above 300 beats per minute.","history":"Speedcore is a form of electronic music known for its very high tempo and aggressive mood [s1]. It was created in the early 1990s [s1]. The name comes from hardcore and from the speed of the music [s1]. Tracks are usually classed as speedcore from about 300 beats per minute upward, sometimes to 600 [s1]. Moby's 'Thousand' from 1992 reached about 1,000 beats per minute and was one of the first records to push speed this far [s1]. Producers overdrive their kick drums until they sound close to square waves [s1][s3]. Since the 2000s most producers have used computer software instead of hardware [s1]. Liza N'Eliaz and The Speed Freak were important early names [s2]. The style has even faster sub-styles called splittercore and extratone [s1]. Speedcore is mostly an underground sound, but it is played at some hardcore festivals [s2]. It is closely related to terrorcore and to breakcore [s1].","sound":["Extremely fast tempos","Overdriven, square-sounding kicks","Aggressive or transgressive themes","Very dense percussion","Little melody"],"figures":[{"name":"Moby","role":"Producer of 'Thousand', an early extreme-tempo record","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Liza N'Eliaz","role":"Belgian DJ and producer important in early speedcore","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"The Speed Freak","role":"German producer known for extreme hardcore","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Nasenbluten","role":"Australian group that helped shape the harsher sound","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Industrial Strength Records","city":"New York","founded":1991,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Bloody Fist Records","city":"Newcastle","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Psychik Genocide","city":"Paris","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Moby","title":"Thousand","year":1992,"label":"Instinct Records","catalogNumber":"EX-247-2","why":"A very fast record that helped show how extreme electronic dance music could become.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1393660","youtube":{"id":"vRJKOCmTXLo","channel":"Moby - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"aNQDCcqQu2Q","channel":"Louis Ray","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"DJ Dano & Liza 'N' Eliaz","title":"Pawlow","year":1996,"label":"Industrial Strength Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A fast hardcore record from a producer named as a speedcore pioneer.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/5190-DJ-Dano-Liza-N-Eliaz-Pawlow","youtube":{"id":"64P-WDRBAs8","channel":"NAILSTORRENT","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"The Speed Freak","title":"Geraeuch","year":1997,"label":"Shockwave Recordings","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An extreme hardcore track from a producer known for the speedcore sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=The+Speed+Freak+Geraeuch&type=release","youtube":{"id":"KIjElVjzem8","channel":"The Speed Freak - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"h1jWYXSYSZI","channel":"Hole10pyromaniac","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"hardcore-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Speedcore is hardcore techno pushed to much higher speeds.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"terrorcore","type":"evolved_from","note":"Speedcore grew from the same harsh, fast hardcore family as terrorcore.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Speedcore","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speedcore","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Hardcore (electronic dance music genre)","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardcore_(electronic_dance_music_genre)","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Speedcore","author":null,"publisher":"Melodigging","year":null,"url":"https://www.melodigging.com/genre/speedcore","type":"database","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Years and labels for the Liza N'Eliaz and Speed Freak tracks should be confirmed on Discogs. Liza N'Eliaz's music is hard to find as single official uploads."],"color":"#d64545"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"terrorcore","name":"Terrorcore","aliases":["Terror"],"family":"hardcore","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1993,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1995,"peakEnd":2005},"origins":[{"city":"Rotterdam","country":"Netherlands"},{"city":"New York","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":190,"max":240,"typical":210},"summary":"Harsh, dark hardcore with very fast tempos and horror-themed samples.","history":"Terrorcore is a harsh, dark form of hardcore techno [s1]. It appeared in the early 1990s and became more popular again around 2015 [s2]. The music uses very fast tempos and heavily distorted kick drums [s1]. It often borrows its mood from horror films [s1]. Samples come from horror soundtracks, slasher films and news reports [s1]. The vocals, when present, are usually shouted or pitched down [s1]. Tempos are often about 190 to 230 beats per minute or faster [s1]. Artists such as Lenny Dee, Delta 9 and the Australian group Nasenbluten made early records [s1][s2]. The label Industrial Strength in New York released many of them [s2]. Terrorcore overlaps with speedcore and with modern uptempo hardcore [s1]. It is a small scene compared with mainstream hardcore, but it has loyal fans [s2]. The style is often played at hardcore festivals today [s2]. Its fast tempo now sits close to modern uptempo hardcore [s1].","sound":["Very fast tempos","Heavily distorted kick drums","Horror-film samples","Dark, dissonant sounds","Shouted or pitched-down vocals"],"figures":[{"name":"Delta 9","role":"American hardcore producer known for terror records","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Nasenbluten","role":"Australian group with a harsh hardcore sound","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Lenny Dee","role":"New York DJ and founder of Industrial Strength Records","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"The Leathernecks","role":"European terrorcore producers","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Industrial Strength Records","city":"New York","founded":1991,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Bloody Fist Records","city":"Newcastle","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Rotterdam Records","city":"Rotterdam","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Delta 9","title":"Speakerworship","year":1993,"label":"Industrial Strength Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early American terrorcore record built on a heavy riff and sirens.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Delta+9+Speakerworship&type=release","youtube":{"id":"LvXtgduOr0o","channel":"LazySKB","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"eONUIHQ82I4","channel":"GabberHc1990","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Nasenbluten","title":"Concrete Compressor","year":1995,"label":"Industrial Strength Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A harsh Australian hardcore record often linked to terrorcore.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/9937083-Nasenbluten-Concrete-Compressor-Live-Mix-My-Stines-Make-Gas","youtube":{"id":"eJL4OST4zmE","channel":"Industrial Strength Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"P8R9oesBDAo","channel":"Nasenbluten - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"The Leathernecks","title":"Leathernecker","year":1995,"label":"Rotterdam Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A European terrorcore track from the sound's early years.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/58017-Leathernecks-Leathernecker","youtube":{"id":"OF9o1PFAvwU","channel":"R.I.P 2007-2017 Doomcore","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"1JwpTcJrMfs","channel":"NeoThanos","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"hardcore-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Terrorcore is a harsher branch of hardcore techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"gabber","type":"influenced","note":"It shares its fast beat and distortion with Dutch gabber.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Terrorcore","author":null,"publisher":"Melodigging","year":null,"url":"https://www.melodigging.com/genre/terrorcore","type":"database","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Hardcore (electronic dance music genre)","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardcore_(electronic_dance_music_genre)","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"low","openQuestions":["Terrorcore has little formal writing. Years and labels for the tracks should be confirmed on Discogs. The exact start date is not agreed."],"color":"#d64545"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"uk-hardcore","name":"UK Hardcore","aliases":["Hardcore"],"family":"hardcore","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1999,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2002,"peakEnd":2008},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"Birmingham","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":170,"max":180,"typical":175},"summary":"The British hardcore style that mixed happy hardcore with trance sounds after 1999.","history":"By the late 1990s happy hardcore had stopped changing and was losing popularity [s1]. At the same time, trance was becoming the main sound in clubs and the charts [s1]. Producers such as Darren Styles began using trance synthesizers and kick drums in hardcore [s1]. The name 'happy hardcore' had a bad image by then, so the new version was called UK hardcore [s1]. In 2000 the label Slammin' Vinyl held a meeting in London to save the scene [s1]. Labels and events such as Raver Baby and Hardcore Till I Die brought large crowds back [s1]. The Clubland X-Treme Hardcore compilations reached a new, younger audience [s1]. Producers such as Darren Styles, Breeze, Hixxy, Gammer and Dougal made the music [s1]. The style is usually 170 to 180 beats per minute [s2]. It has the energy of happy hardcore with the build-ups and leads of trance [s1]. In the 2010s the UK scene declined as EDM grew, but the music is still played worldwide [s1].","sound":["A fast four-to-the-floor kick","Trance-style lead synthesizers","Long build-ups and breakdowns","Pitched, emotional vocals","Bright, melodic hooks"],"figures":[{"name":"Darren Styles","role":"Producer and DJ named as a leader of the trance-influenced sound","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"DJ Hixxy","role":"DJ and co-founder of Raver Baby","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Gammer","role":"Producer and long-time UK hardcore act","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"DJ Dougal","role":"DJ and producer at the centre of the scene","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Raver Baby","city":"London","founded":2002,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"All Around the World","city":"Blackpool","founded":1991,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Slammin' Vinyl","city":"London","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Darren Styles","title":"Getting Better","year":2004,"label":"Raver Baby","catalogNumber":"BABY36","why":"A UK hardcore record from the producer who led the trance-influenced change.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/624944-Darren-Styles-Getting-Better","youtube":{"id":"7V3YyjhEhtM","channel":"Darren Styles - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"1ZXbzfPwEtM","channel":"Ryan Harmonic","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Styles & Breeze","title":"You're My Angel","year":2004,"label":"Raver Baby","catalogNumber":"BABY33","why":"A melodic UK hardcore track from two central producers.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/518866-Styles-Breeze-Youre-My-Angel","youtube":{"id":"3dNaBp1Q6KM","channel":"Styles & Breeze - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"LF1-1d7GINw","channel":"TntHhd","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Gammer","title":"The Drop","year":2010,"label":"Muffin Music","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A later UK hardcore track from a leading producer.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/11181769-Gammer-The-Drop","youtube":{"id":"DN9ZG-4Y8TQ","channel":"Deltamations","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"happy-hardcore","type":"evolved_from","note":"UK hardcore is the post-1999, trance-influenced form of happy hardcore.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"trance","type":"influenced","note":"Trance synthesizers and kick drums changed the hardcore sound.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Why Don't We All Go Bonkers? The Rise and Fall of Happy Hardcore","author":"Jaimie Hodgson","publisher":"Vice","year":2019,"url":"https://www.vice.com/en/article/happy-hardcore-history-trivia-slipmatt-dougal-hixxy-sharkey","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Happy hardcore","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_hardcore","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Wikipedia redirects 'UK hardcore' to its happy hardcore article, so the Vice interviews are the main source for the 2000s rebirth. Years for the tracks are approximate."],"color":"#d64545"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"uptempo-hardcore","name":"Uptempo Hardcore","aliases":["Uptempo"],"family":"hardcore","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2012,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2015,"peakEnd":2022},"origins":[{"city":"Rotterdam","country":"Netherlands"},{"city":"Amsterdam","country":"Netherlands"}],"bpm":{"min":185,"max":220,"typical":200},"summary":"Very fast Dutch hardcore with hard, distorted kicks, popular at festivals from the 2010s.","history":"Uptempo hardcore is a very fast form of hardcore techno from the Netherlands [s1]. In the middle of the 2010s, listeners moved from mainstream hardcore to faster styles such as frenchcore, uptempo and terrorcore [s1]. Tempos rose from about 160 to 180 beats per minute to over 200 [s1]. This created a demand for louder and more energetic music [s1]. The style uses heavily distorted, hard kicks and rough, simple sound design [s2]. It borrows from gabber, terrorcore, speedcore and hardstyle [s2]. There is little harmony and the focus is on impact and speed [s2]. Producers such as Deadly Guns, D-Fence and N-Vitral became well known [s3]. Large Dutch hardcore festivals gave the style a big audience [s1]. Uptempo is usually about 185 to 220 beats per minute [s2]. It is now one of the main sounds of the Dutch hardcore scene [s3]. Many uptempo tracks are made for the closing hours of large festivals [s2].","sound":["Tempos around 200 beats per minute","Extremely distorted kick drums","Screaming leads and shouted samples","Simpler than mainstream hardcore","A focus on raw energy"],"figures":[{"name":"D-Fence","role":"Dutch uptempo producer and DJ","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Deadly Guns","role":"Dutch uptempo producer","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"N-Vitral","role":"Dutch hardcore producer with an industrial sound","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Dr. Peacock","role":"Producer who helped the faster styles grow","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"The Third Movement","city":"Amsterdam","founded":1998,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Neophyte Records","city":"Rotterdam","founded":1998,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Masters of Hardcore","city":"Rotterdam","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"N-Vitral","title":"Bazouka","year":2015,"label":"The Third Movement","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An uptempo track from a producer known for its raw, industrial sound.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=N-Vitral+Bazouka&type=release","youtube":{"id":"B2lyv38oUKk","channel":"The Third Movement","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"Deadly Guns","title":"Undefeated","year":2018,"label":"Masters of Hardcore","catalogNumber":"MOHDIGI244","why":"An uptempo record from a leading producer of the style.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/12271141-Deadly-Guns-F-Noize-Undefeated","youtube":{"id":"5pgDFrXkYk8","channel":"Deadly Guns - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"D-Fence","title":"Koekoek Jonghuh!","year":2017,"label":"Neophyte Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A fast uptempo record released on a long-running hardcore label.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=D-Fence+Koekoek+Jonghuh&type=release","youtube":{"id":"-h97ozGuhCs","channel":"Neophyte Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"mainstream-hardcore","type":"evolved_from","note":"Uptempo is the faster, harder branch of Dutch mainstream hardcore.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hardcore-techno","type":"influenced","note":"It keeps the speed and distortion of early hardcore techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Hardcore (electronic dance music genre)","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardcore_(electronic_dance_music_genre)","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Uptempo Hardcore","author":null,"publisher":"Melodigging","year":null,"url":"https://www.melodigging.com/genre/uptempo-hardcore","type":"database","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Hardcore vs Uptempo: The Tempo and Intensity Split, Explained","author":"HARD CULTR Newsroom","publisher":"HARD CULTR","year":2026,"url":"https://www.hardcultr.com/guides/hardcore-vs-uptempo-explained-2026","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["The genre is new and most writing about it is from fan sites and genre databases. Release years should be confirmed on Discogs. Uptempo is sometimes grouped with terrorcore."],"color":"#d64545"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"acid-house","name":"Acid House","aliases":["Acid"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1986,"startApprox":false,"peakStart":1988,"peakEnd":1990},"origins":[{"city":"Chicago","country":"United States"},{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":118,"max":130,"typical":124},"summary":"A raw house style built on the squelchy sound of the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer.","history":"Acid house began in Chicago with a small bass synthesizer called the Roland TB-303 [s1]. The machine was meant to replace a bass guitar, but it made strange, sliding, squelchy sounds instead. DJ Pierre and his group Phuture experimented with it and released 'Acid Tracks' on Trax Records in 1987 [s2]. Sleezy D's 'I've Lost Control', released in 1986, is often named as an earlier record with the same sound [s1]. The style was named acid house, though the name had nothing to do with the drug LSD at first [s1]. In 1988 the sound travelled to Britain and became the centre of the Second Summer of Love [s3]. Large, illegal parties called raves were held in warehouses and fields, and the music became linked to the drug ecstasy [s3]. A Guy Called Gerald's 'Voodoo Ray' was released in 1988 and became a British acid house anthem [s1]. By 1990 the style had faded, but its 303 sound stayed important in dance music [s4].","sound":["A squelchy, sliding bassline from the Roland TB-303","Simple, heavy drum machine patterns","Hypnotic, repeated loops","Little or no singing, sometimes short spoken words","A raw, unpolished feel"],"figures":[{"name":"DJ Pierre","role":"Member of Phuture; pioneer of the acid sound","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Phuture","role":"Group that released 'Acid Tracks'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"A Guy Called Gerald","role":"British producer of 'Voodoo Ray'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Marshall Jefferson","role":"Chicago producer who helped shape early acid records","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Trax Records","city":"Chicago","founded":1984,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Rham Records","city":"Manchester","founded":1988,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Phuture","title":"Acid Tracks","year":1987,"label":"Trax Records","catalogNumber":"TX142","why":"The record that gave acid house its name and its sound.","evidence":["s1","s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1159447-Phuture-Acid-Tracks","youtube":{"id":"yKHGv6Es610","channel":"Phuture - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"QZSd2pP2dms","channel":"UNDERGROUND CLASSICS HOUSE","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Sleezy D","title":"I've Lost Control","year":1986,"label":"Trax Records","catalogNumber":"TX113","why":"An early acid record often named as the first of its kind.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1650629-Sleezy-D-Ive-Lost-Control","youtube":{"id":"ieHlvstu0SQ","channel":"Sleezy D - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"lJnqRCwPeSw","channel":"Retropunky","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"A Guy Called Gerald","title":"Voodoo Ray","year":1988,"label":"Rham Records","catalogNumber":"RS8804","why":"The best-known British acid house record.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/64961-A-Guy-Called-Gerald-Voodoo-Ray","youtube":{"id":"j7vxHOCeiQ4","channel":"Rham Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"MQ9WFYhSAKA","channel":"A Guy Called Gerald","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"chicago-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Acid house grew directly out of Chicago house experiments.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hi-nrg","type":"influenced","note":"The fast, electronic dance sound of the early 1980s shaped the tempo and energy.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Acid house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Acid Tracks","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_Tracks","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Second Summer of Love","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Summer_of_Love","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s4","title":"The Second Summer of Love","author":null,"publisher":"BBC Radio 2","year":2018,"url":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio2/r2music/documentaries/secondsummer.shtml","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["Some sources call Sleezy D's 'I've Lost Control' the first acid record; others give Phuture's 'Acid Tracks'."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"afro-house","name":"Afro House","aliases":["Afro-house"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1990,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2005,"peakEnd":2024},"origins":[{"city":"Johannesburg","country":"South Africa"},{"city":"Durban","country":"South Africa"}],"bpm":{"min":115,"max":125,"typical":120},"summary":"A South African house style with deep, spiritual chords and African percussion.","history":"Afro house is a South African form of house music [s1]. It keeps the four-to-the-floor house beat but uses deep, spiritual chords and African drums and rhythms [s1]. The style grew in the 1990s and became much more popular in the 2000s [s1]. Black Coffee, from Durban, became its most famous producer and DJ [s1]. His track 'Superman' (2009) is one of the widely known Afro house records [s1]. Culoe De Song's 'Webaba' (2011) and &ME's 'The Rapture' (2012) were also widely played [s2]. The style mixes warm bass, echoing chords and sometimes live singing [s1]. In the 2020s Afro house became popular in Europe and the United States, and many producers outside South Africa began making it [s2]. It is still closely tied to South African clubs and radio [s1]. The style is also played on South African radio and at large outdoor events. Some later records mix it with other local dance sounds [s1].","sound":["A deep, steady four-to-the-floor beat","Spiritual, echoing chords","African hand drums and percussion","Warm, rolling basslines","Soulful or chanting vocals"],"figures":[{"name":"Black Coffee","role":"South African DJ and producer","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Culoe De Song","role":"South African producer of 'Webaba'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"&ME","role":"German producer of 'The Rapture'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Boddhi Satva","role":"Producer linked to Central African house sounds","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Soulistic Music","city":"Johannesburg","founded":2003,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Innervisions","city":"Berlin","founded":2005,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Keinemusik","city":"Berlin","founded":2009,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Black Coffee feat. Bucie","title":"Superman","year":2009,"label":"Soulistic Music","catalogNumber":null,"why":"The best-known Afro house record and a worldwide club hit.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Black+Coffee+Superman&type=release","youtube":{"id":"w6-tR3PKCHA","channel":"Black Coffee - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"W_72j4UqOSM","channel":"Soulistic Agency","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Culoe De Song","title":"Webaba","year":2010,"label":"Innervisions","catalogNumber":"IV30","why":"An Afro house track widely played by DJs around the world.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2568218-Culoe-De-Song-Webaba-EP","youtube":{"id":"J2gf9VzEuBk","channel":"DeSongMusicBOX","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"zd9Jbjtaktk","channel":"RDFLD","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"&ME","title":"The Rapture","year":2012,"label":"Keinemusik","catalogNumber":"KM046","why":"A record that brought the Afro house feel to European dance floors.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/12937488-Me-The-Rapture-PtII","youtube":{"id":"3AQHmYjBgms","channel":"keinemusik","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"l1WpMhZ12ro","channel":"keinemusik","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"deep-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Afro house grew from deep house in South Africa.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"garage-house","type":"influenced","note":"Soulful singing and warm chords come from garage and soulful house.","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"id":"chicago-house","type":"influenced","note":"The four-to-the-floor house beat came from Chicago.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Afro house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Afro house: a guide","author":null,"publisher":"Blondish","year":null,"url":"https://blondish.world/zine/music/afro-house-music-guide/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":["https://learningtodj.com/blog/btd003-saliva-commandos/"],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["The name Afro house is also used for a broad, more commercial sound; this entry focuses on the South African style."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"afro-tech","name":"Afro Tech","aliases":["Afro-Tech","AfroTech"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2013,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2016,"peakEnd":2024},"origins":[{"city":"Johannesburg","country":"South Africa"},{"city":"Durban","country":"South Africa"}],"bpm":{"min":118,"max":126,"typical":122},"summary":"South African house with African percussion and a strong techno influence.","history":"Afro tech is a South African sub-genre of afro house [s1]. It began in the 2010s [s1]. Producers wanted a sound like afro house but with more techno [s1]. It mixes afro house and techno with African percussion [s1]. Vocals are usually in Xhosa or Zulu [s1]. Early examples include Black Coffee's 'We Dance Again' and tracks by Culoe De Song and Bekzin Terris [s1]. DJs such as Black Coffee, Culoe De Song, Da Capo and Shimza made the style known [s1][s2]. In 2015 Black Coffee won a breakthrough award at the DJ Awards [s1]. In 2023 the music store Spotify created an 'AfroTech Now' playlist [s1]. Producers from other African countries also make the style [s1]. Afro tech is often played at large outdoor events and in clubs [s2]. It is close to afro house but has a harder, more electronic drive [s2]. The style is popular across Africa and in Europe [s2].","sound":["African percussion and shakers","A steady four-to-the-floor beat","Deep, rolling basslines","Vocals in Xhosa or Zulu","A techno-style drive"],"figures":[{"name":"Black Coffee","role":"South African DJ and producer who led the style","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Culoe De Song","role":"South African producer in the afro tech scene","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Da Capo","role":"South African producer of afro tech","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Shimza","role":"South African DJ and producer","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Soul Candi","city":"Johannesburg","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Get Physical Music","city":"Berlin","founded":2002,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Kunye","city":"Johannesburg","founded":2018,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Black Coffee feat. Nakhane","title":"We Dance Again","year":2015,"label":"Soul Candi","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A record often named as an early afro tech track.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/7505490-Black-Coffee-Feat-Nakhane-Tour%C3%A9-We-Dance-Again","youtube":{"id":"JjWaET5AWCw","channel":"Black Coffee - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"Fu7CIrDIw3c","channel":"We Trust In House","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Da Capo","title":"Umbovukazi","year":2018,"label":"Kunye","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An afro tech track from a leading South African producer.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Da+Capo+Umbovukazi&type=release","youtube":{"id":"2DYnI2AnbbA","channel":"Da Capo - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"Shimza & Aloe Blacc","title":"Darling","year":2023,"label":"Helix Records","catalogNumber":"0196762015458","why":"A later afro tech record that crosses into soul and pop.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/32040506-Shimza-Aloe-Blacc-Darling","youtube":{"id":"7EXcGG2krFQ","channel":"Helix Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"X_c68JHaML4","channel":"Shimza - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"afro-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Afro tech is a harder, more electronic form of afro house.","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"id":"deep-tech","type":"fusion_of","note":"It shares the rolling, stripped-back drive of deep tech.","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Afro tech","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro_tech","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"History of Afro House: Origins & Global Rise","author":null,"publisher":"Afrohouse.se","year":null,"url":"https://www.afrohouse.se/blog/history-of-afro-house","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["The boundary between afro tech and afro house is not clear, and some sources treat afro tech as a marketing chart name. The `techno` parent is a family-level link; there is no `techno` genre node in v1."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"amapiano","name":"Amapiano","aliases":["Yanos"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2012,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2019,"peakEnd":2023},"origins":[{"city":"Johannesburg","country":"South Africa"},{"city":"Pretoria","country":"South Africa"}],"bpm":{"min":108,"max":118,"typical":112},"summary":"Slow South African house with piano melodies, deep bass and a log drum rhythm.","history":"Amapiano is a South African music genre that became popular in the early 2020s [s1]. It mixes kwaito, deep house, gqom, jazz, soul and lounge music [s1]. The name comes from the Zulu word for 'pianos' [s1]. The music uses piano melodies, deep bass and a wide percussion sound [s1]. Its well-known sound is the log drum, an electronic bass drum that gives amapiano its rhythm [s1]. There is no single founder, and the exact origin is debated [s1]. Producers spread tracks through CDs and WhatsApp groups [s2]. The music grew fast on social media and in dance videos [s1]. Artists such as Kabza De Small, DJ Maphorisa and MFR Souls became leaders of the scene [s2]. In 2021 a dedicated amapiano awards ceremony began [s1]. In 2022 the online store Beatport gave amapiano its own charts [s1]. Tyla's song 'Water' carried the sound to a worldwide audience in 2023 [s1].","sound":["Piano melodies and chords","The deep log drum bass","Slow, relaxed tempo","Airy pads and shakers","Vocals in South African languages"],"figures":[{"name":"Kabza De Small","role":"South African producer, a leader of amapiano","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"DJ Maphorisa","role":"South African producer and DJ in the scene","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"MFR Souls","role":"South African duo with an early amapiano hit","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Kelvin Momo","role":"Producer linked to the soulful amapiano sound","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Piano Hub","city":"Johannesburg","founded":2020,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Kalawa Jazmee","city":"Johannesburg","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Blaq Boy Music","city":"Johannesburg","founded":2019,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Kabza De Small","title":"Sponono","year":2019,"label":"Piano Hub","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A well-known amapiano record from a leader of the style.","evidence":["s1","s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Kabza+De+Small+Sponono&type=release","youtube":{"id":"Uf05LcydF7o","channel":"Kabza De Small","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"3AXNvtbtoVs","channel":"Kabza De Small - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Focalistic feat. Vigro Deep","title":"Ke Star","year":2020,"label":"18 Area","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An amapiano hit that spread widely through social media.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/21539740-Focalistic-Davido-Ke-Star-feat-Virgo-Deep-Remix-","youtube":{"id":"a9_da2P5JjQ","channel":"FOCALISTIC MARADONA","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"_WcA7WpI-9c","channel":"Africori","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"MFR Souls feat. DJ Maphorisa, Sha Sha & Kabza De Small","title":"Love You Tonight","year":2019,"label":"MFR Souls","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early amapiano hit that helped the style grow.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=MFR+Souls+Love+You+Tonight&type=release","youtube":{"id":"v_ksYAZsuLI","channel":"MFR Souls","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"23A5UkCRCWg","channel":"MFR Souls","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"kwaito","type":"evolved_from","note":"Amapiano grew out of kwaito and the South African house scene.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"deep-house","type":"fusion_of","note":"It uses the slow, deep chords of deep house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"afro-house","type":"fusion_of","note":"It shares the African percussion and groove of afro house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Amapiano","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amapiano","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Scratcha DVA & Razzler Man Offer Their Gqom and Amapiano Picks","author":"Joe Muggs","publisher":"Bandcamp Daily","year":2021,"url":"https://daily.bandcamp.com/lists/scratcha-dva-razzler-man-offer-their-gqom-and-amapiano-picks","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["The exact origin of amapiano is disputed, and no single founder is agreed. Some producers place its start earlier than 2012."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"balearic","name":"Balearic","aliases":["Balearic beat","Balearic house"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1987,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1989,"peakEnd":1994},"origins":[{"city":"Ibiza","country":"Spain"}],"bpm":{"min":95,"max":125,"typical":110},"summary":"A free, open-minded DJ style from Ibiza that mixes many kinds of relaxed dance music.","history":"Balearic is the name for a way of DJing that grew on the Spanish island of Ibiza in the 1980s [s1]. DJs such as Alfredo Fiorito played long, varied sets that mixed house, disco, pop, soul and European electronic music [s1]. The point was the mood, not one strict style [s1]. British DJs who visited the island, including Danny Rampling, Paul Oakenfold and Nicky Holloway, brought the idea home in 1987 [s1]. They started London clubs such as Shoom and Spectrum, which helped begin the British rave scene [s1]. José Padilla later used the Balearic idea for the Café del Mar compilations, which collected calm, sunset-friendly tracks [s2]. Records often linked with the style include Sueño Latino's 'Sueño Latino' (1989) and 808 State's 'Pacific State' (1989). Both also belong to other styles [s1]. Balearic remains an idea as much as a genre [s1]. The name is still used for peaceful, mixed DJ sets at beaches, bars and festivals [s1]. The style was described in dance-music histories such as Last Night a DJ Saved My Life [s3].","sound":["A slow-to-mid tempo, often near 110 BPM","A wide mix of styles in one set","Warm, relaxed and melodic tracks","Sunset or open-air atmosphere","No single fixed drum or bass sound"],"figures":[{"name":"Alfredo Fiorito","role":"Ibiza DJ who shaped the Balearic idea","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"José Padilla","role":"Café del Mar DJ and compiler","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Danny Rampling","role":"London DJ who brought Balearic back from Ibiza","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Paul Oakenfold","role":"London DJ linked to the Balearic scene","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Café del Mar Music","city":"Ibiza","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Expanded Music","city":"Bologna","founded":1987,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Sueño Latino","title":"Sueño Latino","year":1989,"label":"Expanded Music","catalogNumber":"091X 18023","why":"A record widely named as a Balearic anthem.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/14960047","youtube":{"id":"fvTWGtPajfM","channel":"Expanded Music","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"DXhqDeTSEl4","channel":"LegendsManchester","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"808 State","title":"Pacific State","year":1989,"label":"ZTT Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A British track often played as Balearic because of its calm, floating sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/7054039-808-State-Pacific-State-Cubik","youtube":{"id":"Tv0UiQ5n7SM","channel":"808 State - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"tLxDRePUwEY","channel":"Johnny F","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"The Beloved","title":"The Sun Rising","year":1989,"label":"WEA","catalogNumber":"YZ414T","why":"A warm, dreamy track that became part of the Balearic canon.","evidence":["s1","s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/4634657-Beloved-The-Sun-Rising","youtube":{"id":"HNMNUMS-Q5c","channel":"TheBelovedVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"vKTUJB51TPg","channel":"Not_Everyone_Understands_House_Music","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"disco","type":"influenced","note":"Disco records were a core part of Balearic sets.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"ambient","type":"influenced","note":"Calm, atmospheric music shaped the sunset side of the style.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Balearic beat","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balearic_beat","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Café del Mar","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_del_Mar","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Last Night a DJ Saved My Life: The History of the Disc Jockey","author":"Bill Brewster and Frank Broughton","publisher":"Grove Press","year":1999,"url":null,"type":"book","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Balearic is often described as a DJ approach rather than a fixed sound, so BPM and track lists vary."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"balkan-pop-house","name":"Balkan Pop House","aliases":["Romanian pop dance","Balkan dance-pop"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":true,"era":{"start":2008,"startApprox":false,"peakStart":2009,"peakEnd":2013},"origins":[{"city":"Bucharest","country":"Romania"}],"bpm":{"min":125,"max":132,"typical":128},"summary":"A Romanian and Balkan pop-dance style from about 2008 to 2013 with house beats and accordion hooks.","history":"Balkan pop house is a name used for a wave of Romanian and Balkan pop-dance hits from about 2008 to 2013 [s1]. The tracks mix a dance beat with pop singing, accordion or saxophone hooks and simple, catchy choruses [s1]. Inna's 'Hot' (2008) was an early hit made by the Romanian production team Play & Win [s2]. Edward Maya and Vika Jigulina's 'Stereo Love' (2009) used an accordion melody and became a worldwide success [s1]. Alexandra Stan's 'Mr. Saxobeat' (2010) followed with a saxophone hook [s3]. The records were made cheaply in Bucharest and promoted online and through clubs [s2]. They were very popular across Europe and beyond [s1]. The wave faded after about 2013, but its sound still appears in later dance-pop [s3]. The songs were often first sung in Romanian and then re-recorded in English for other markets [s2]. Music videos shared online helped the tracks travel far beyond the Balkans [s1].","sound":["A fast four-to-the-floor dance beat","Accordion or saxophone hooks","Simple, catchy pop choruses","Bright synthesizer chords","Clean, radio-ready production"],"figures":[{"name":"Inna","role":"Romanian singer behind 'Hot'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Edward Maya","role":"Romanian producer behind 'Stereo Love'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Alexandra Stan","role":"Romanian singer behind 'Mr. Saxobeat'","sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Play & Win","role":"Romanian production team behind many of the hits","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Roton","city":"Bucharest","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Cat Music","city":"Bucharest","founded":1991,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Play On / Ultra","city":"Bucharest","founded":2009,"sourceRefs":["s3"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Inna","title":"Hot","year":2008,"label":"Roton","catalogNumber":"none","why":"An early Romanian pop-dance hit that began the wave.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/30320171","youtube":{"id":"olXsENyku-s","channel":"INNA - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"Tw9W-aFpWMw","channel":"Roton Hits","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Edward Maya & Vika Jigulina","title":"Stereo Love","year":2009,"label":"Cat Music","catalogNumber":"642056 5345493","why":"The best-known Balkan pop house record and a worldwide hit.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/10646595-Edward-Maya-Feat-Vika-Jigulina-Stereo-Love","youtube":{"id":"p-Z3YrHJ1sU","channel":"Spinnin' Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"Alexandra Stan","title":"Mr. Saxobeat","year":2010,"label":"Play On / Ultra","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A saxophone-led hit that shows the style at its peak.","evidence":["s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/6107615-Alexandra-Stan-Mr-Saxobeat","youtube":{"id":"nwsewSMWIas","channel":"Alexandra Stan","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"jKsUMQF6tMg","channel":"SteveAATW","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"euro-disco","type":"evolved_from","note":"Its bright melodies and dance beats come from European disco and dance-pop.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"italo-house","type":"influenced","note":"The piano and hook-led style is close to Italo house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hi-nrg","type":"influenced","note":"The fast, energetic feel comes from hi-NRG.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Stereo Love","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereo_Love","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Inna","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inna","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Spin it back Saturday: Edward Maya & Vika Jigulina - Stereo Love","author":null,"publisher":"Relentless Beats","year":2017,"url":"https://relentlessbeats.com/2017/09/spin-it-back-saturday-with-edward-maya-vika-jigulinas-stereo-love/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["The name Balkan pop house is a descriptive label, not a name the artists used for themselves."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"bass-house","name":"Bass House","aliases":["Basshouse"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2014,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2015,"peakEnd":2019},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"Los Angeles","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":124,"max":130,"typical":127},"summary":"A heavy 2010s club style that mixes house drums with loud, low bass and garage sounds.","history":"Bass house appeared in the mid-2010s [s1]. It mixes a house beat with very heavy, low bass and the shuffled drums of UK garage and bass music [s1]. American DJ AC Slater started the label Night Bass in 2014 and became a central figure [s2]. The style grew through clubs in London and Los Angeles [s1]. Valentino Khan's 'Deep Down Low' (2015) was a big bass house record [s1]. Wax Motif's 'Bunda' (2016) and Chris Lake's 'Operator (Ring Ring)' (2016) were also widely played [s1]. Bass house often uses a bouncing bassline as the main hook instead of a melody [s1]. It is still made, and it also shaped parts of later tech house and pop dance music [s2]. The style is often played at the end of a club night, when crowds want the heaviest sound [s1]. Some producers mix it with tech house and UK garage in the same set [s2].","sound":["A house beat with heavy, low bass","A bouncing bassline used as the main hook","Shuffled garage-style drum patterns","Short vocal shouts and samples","A loud, club-focused mix"],"figures":[{"name":"AC Slater","role":"American DJ and founder of Night Bass","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Valentino Khan","role":"American producer of 'Deep Down Low'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Wax Motif","role":"Australian producer based in the United States","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Chris Lake","role":"British producer of 'Operator (Ring Ring)'","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Night Bass","city":"Los Angeles","founded":2014,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"OWSLA","city":"Los Angeles","founded":2011,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Spinnin' Records","city":"Hilversum","founded":1999,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Valentino Khan","title":"Deep Down Low","year":2015,"label":"OWSLA","catalogNumber":"OWS142","why":"A large bass house record and one of the style's best-known tracks.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/11215815-Valentino-Khan-Deep-Down-Low-Remixes","youtube":{"id":"1wl5BbUg05M","channel":"OWSLA","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"gzTIVVL0quw","channel":"OWSLA","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Wax Motif feat. Dances With White Girls","title":"Bunda","year":2016,"label":"Spinnin' Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A widely played bass house track with a strong bass hook.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/12620347-Wax-Motif-Ft-Dances-With-White-Girls-Bunda","youtube":{"id":"NiYcAfBn5wo","channel":"Spinnin' Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"_HwkLEiVeJM","channel":"Wax Motif - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Chris Lake feat. Dances With White Girls","title":"Operator (Ring Ring)","year":2016,"label":"OWSLA","catalogNumber":"OWS228","why":"A bass house record that mixes a club beat with a bouncing bass hook.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/11368204-Chris-Lake-I-Want-You-Vs-Operator-Remixes","youtube":{"id":"cx4Y4ox4BhI","channel":"Chris Lake","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"XzrqyXYJj1M","channel":"Chris Lake","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"future-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Bass house grew from the future house sound and made the bass heavier.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"uk-garage","type":"influenced","note":"Its shuffled drums and bass weight come from UK garage.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"electro-house","type":"influenced","note":"The loud, distorted bass is close to electro house.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Bass house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"How AC Slater created his own movement","author":null,"publisher":"UKF","year":null,"url":"https://ukf.com/read/how-ac-slater-created-his-own-movement/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Bass house overlaps with future house and tech house, and the name is used loosely."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"big-room","name":"Big Room House","aliases":["Big room","Festival house"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":true,"era":{"start":2010,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2011,"peakEnd":2015},"origins":[{"city":"Stockholm","country":"Sweden"},{"city":"Amsterdam","country":"Netherlands"}],"bpm":{"min":126,"max":132,"typical":128},"summary":"A very simple, loud festival style built around one big drop.","history":"Big room house appeared around 2010 as dance music moved into very large festivals [s1]. The tracks are simple and loud, with a long build-up that leads to a heavy, empty drop [s1]. This is the part where the drums and bass hit hard and the crowd is meant to jump [s1]. Swedish House Mafia's 'One' (2010) helped make the style popular [s1]. Sandro Silva and Quintino's 'Epic' (2011) and Martin Garrix's 'Animals' (2013) were huge hits with the same shape [s1]. The name big room came from the size of the rooms these tracks were made for, not from a real music scene [s1][s2]. Producers often used the same simple sounds, and critics said the records sounded alike [s2]. The style faded after about 2015 but still appears at festivals [s1]. At its peak the style was played at festivals such as Tomorrowland and Ultra. Many of the tracks were made to sound good on large sound systems rather than at home [s1].","sound":["A long build-up to one large drop","Very simple, loud synthesizer leads","A hard, steady four-to-the-floor kick","Almost no melody in the drop","A huge, festival-sized sound"],"figures":[{"name":"Swedish House Mafia","role":"Swedish group that helped popularise the style","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Martin Garrix","role":"Dutch producer of 'Animals'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Sandro Silva","role":"Dutch producer of 'Epic'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Quintino","role":"Dutch producer of 'Epic'","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Spinnin' Records","city":"Hilversum","founded":1999,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Musical Freedom","city":"Amsterdam","founded":2009,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"STMPD RCRDS","city":"Amsterdam","founded":2016,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Swedish House Mafia","title":"One","year":2010,"label":"Polydor","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early big room record that helped define the festival sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2255190-Swedish-House-Mafia-One","youtube":{"id":"PkQ5rEJaTmk","channel":"Swedish House Mafia","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"Sandro Silva & Quintino","title":"Epic","year":2011,"label":"Musical Freedom","catalogNumber":"MF006","why":"A track often named as a defining big room record.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3104560-Sandro-Silva-Quintino-Epic","youtube":{"id":"IQKsLOPK_ls","channel":"Musical Freedom","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"irfSOiH1_Ns","channel":"Spinnin' Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Martin Garrix","title":"Animals","year":2013,"label":"Spinnin' Records","catalogNumber":"SP693","why":"One of the biggest big room hits and a worldwide chart record.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/7145445-Martin-Garrix-Animals","youtube":{"id":"gCYcHz2k5x0","channel":"STMPD RCRDS","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"IPYTxAHeR_o","channel":"Martin Garrix","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"electro-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Big room grew from the loud electro house sound.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"dutch-house","type":"influenced","note":"Dutch producers and their hard, simple riffs shaped it.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"progressive-house","type":"influenced","note":"The long build-up comes from progressive house structure.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Big room house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_room_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"2010s: Reverberations of EDM","author":null,"publisher":"Pitchfork","year":2019,"url":"https://pitchfork.com/features/article/2010s-reverberations-of-edm-skrillex-zedd/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Big room is widely treated as a marketing or festival category rather than a self-named scene."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"chicago-house","name":"Chicago House","aliases":["Chicago house music"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1984,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1986,"peakEnd":1990},"origins":[{"city":"Chicago","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":115,"max":125,"typical":120},"summary":"The first house music style, made in Chicago from disco, drum machines and soulful vocals.","history":"Chicago house grew out of the city's disco and soul scene in the early 1980s [s1]. Frankie Knuckles was the resident DJ at a members club called The Warehouse, which opened in 1977 [s3]. He mixed disco records with drum machines and made his own edits. The style was named after the club: house music. Knuckles released 'Your Love' in 1986, a simple, emotional track built on a drum machine and a warm bassline [s1]. Marshall Jefferson's 'Move Your Body (The House Music Anthem)' came out the same year and showed how powerful the sound could be [s1]. Larry Heard, recording as Mr. Fingers, released 'Can You Feel It' in 1986, adding soft chords and deep bass [s1]. The label Trax Records was set up in Chicago in 1984 and released many of these records [s1]. The music spread to New York, London and beyond through DJs and imports. Its steady four-to-the-floor beat and soulful feeling became the base for most house music that followed [s1][s2].","sound":["A steady four-to-the-floor drum machine beat","Warm, round basslines played on a synthesizer","Soulful or gospel-style vocal samples","Simple piano or organ chords","Raw, warm production with tape hiss"],"figures":[{"name":"Frankie Knuckles","role":"DJ at The Warehouse; early producer","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Marshall Jefferson","role":"Producer; wrote the House Music Anthem","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Larry Heard (Mr. Fingers)","role":"Producer; pioneer of deep house","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Jesse Saunders","role":"DJ and producer; released an early house single","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Trax Records","city":"Chicago","founded":1984,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"DJ International","city":"Chicago","founded":1985,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Frankie Knuckles","title":"Your Love","year":1986,"label":"Persona Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A founding Chicago house record and one of the style's best-known tracks.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/6136361","youtube":{"id":"ottFhv0zD_8","channel":"Frankie Knuckles - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"IczSmAWdGh8","channel":"Synthaestetic","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Marshall Jefferson","title":"The House Music Anthem (Move Your Body)","year":1986,"label":"Trax Records","catalogNumber":"TX117","why":"Widely named as one of the records that defined early house music.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1167410","youtube":{"id":"RhKMMh4qOL8","channel":"Marshall Jefferson - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"QAR8cq5Bl94","channel":"Yaza House","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Mr. Fingers","title":"Can You Feel It","year":1986,"label":"Trax Records","catalogNumber":"354627","why":"A key early deep house record, important to Chicago house history.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/12823107-Mr-Fingers-Can-You-Feel-It","youtube":{"id":"DrxPFBEr5Bo","channel":"Mr. Fingers - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"1N9Wnqz8Rh8","channel":"UNDERGROUND CLASSICS HOUSE","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"disco","type":"evolved_from","note":"Chicago DJs reworked disco records and made new tracks in the same spirit.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"funk-boogie","type":"influenced","note":"Boogie and funk bass and chord sounds shaped the first house records.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Chicago house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Frankie Knuckles lecture","author":"Frankie Knuckles","publisher":"Red Bull Music Academy","year":2011,"url":"https://www.redbullmusicacademy.com/lectures/frankie-knuckles-lecture/","type":"lecture","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Warehouse (nightclub)","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warehouse_(nightclub)","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":["https://learningtodj.com/blog/20-classic-house-tracks-djs-play-forever/"],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["The first release year of 'Your Love' is given differently by some sources; 1986 on Persona Records is used here."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"deep-house","name":"Deep House","aliases":["Deep"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1986,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1992,"peakEnd":2005},"origins":[{"city":"Chicago","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":110,"max":125,"typical":120},"summary":"A warm, smooth house style with soft chords and a relaxed, soulful mood.","history":"Deep house grew out of Chicago house in the mid-1980s [s1]. Larry Heard, recording as Mr. Fingers, helped create the sound with records like 'Mystery of Love' (1985) and 'Can You Feel It' (1986) [s3]. He used soft synthesizer chords, a round bass and slow, spacey melodies [s3]. The word deep described the warm, thoughtful feeling of these tracks rather than their volume [s1]. The style slowed down a little compared with harder house and left more room for harmony [s1]. In the early 1990s, producers in New York and New Jersey added soulful singing and jazz-like chords [s1]. Labels such as Strictly Rhythm released many deep house records, including Hardrive's 'Deep Inside' in 1993 [s1]. In Europe, deep house was mixed with lounge and jazz in the 2000s [s2]. Later generations returned to the sound, and it remains one of the most common forms of house music [s2]. By the late 2010s, the word deep was sometimes used loosely for several bass-driven house styles [s1].","sound":["Soft, jazzy keyboard chords","A warm, round bassline","Relaxed, steady drum patterns","Spacious reverb and echo","Soulful or breathy vocals"],"figures":[{"name":"Larry Heard (Mr. Fingers)","role":"Chicago producer who shaped the style","sourceRefs":["s1","s3"]},{"name":"Kerri Chandler","role":"New Jersey deep house producer","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Masters at Work","role":"New York duo who mixed deep house with soul","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Louie Vega","role":"Producer and DJ in the deep house scene","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Strictly Rhythm","city":"New York City","founded":1989,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Alleviated Records","city":"Chicago","founded":1985,"sourceRefs":["s3"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Mr. Fingers","title":"Mystery of Love","year":1985,"label":"Alleviated Records","catalogNumber":"ML-2201","why":"An early track that set the warm, melodic deep house template.","evidence":["s1","s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/39922-Mr-Fingers-Mystery-Of-Love","youtube":{"id":"5tqErnknRsE","channel":"Mr. Fingers - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"zfc1KDl8clc","channel":"Renegade Sound","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Hardrive","title":"Deep Inside","year":1993,"label":"Strictly Rhythm","catalogNumber":"SREP02D","why":"A New York deep house anthem named after the style itself.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/9553757-Hardrive-Deep-Inside","youtube":{"id":"6zqyv-RZMqk","channel":"Strictly Rhythm","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"Aso_nl2u0h0","channel":"Louie Vega","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Aly-Us","title":"Follow Me","year":1992,"label":"Strictly Rhythm","catalogNumber":"SRUK1205","why":"A soulful deep house record played across the world in the 1990s.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/42350-Aly-Us-Follow-Me","youtube":{"id":"T8yL2Lmzvn0","channel":"Strictly Rhythm","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"iitJCe2-IFY","channel":"houseclassics808","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"chicago-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Deep house developed from the softer, more melodic end of Chicago house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"garage-house","type":"influenced","note":"Soulful New York and New Jersey singing shaped the deep house sound.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"funk-boogie","type":"influenced","note":"Its smooth chords and bass playing come partly from boogie and soul.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Deep house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"A history of deep house","author":null,"publisher":"Toolroom Academy","year":null,"url":"https://toolroomacademy.com/features/a-history-of-deep-house/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Larry Heard lecture","author":"Larry Heard","publisher":"Red Bull Music Academy","year":2018,"url":"https://www.redbullmusicacademy.com/lectures/larry-heard-2018/","type":"lecture","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":["https://learningtodj.com/blog/20-classic-house-tracks-djs-play-forever/","https://learningtodj.com/blog/a-short-history-of-defected-records/","https://learningtodj.com/blog/btd007-mark-macleod/"],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["Deep house and garage house are often treated as the same thing; this entry keeps them separate."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"deep-tech","name":"Deep Tech","aliases":["Deep tech house","Minimal deep tech"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":true,"era":{"start":2011,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2013,"peakEnd":2019},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":120,"max":126,"typical":124},"summary":"A 2010s club style that mixes deep house warmth with tech house drums.","history":"Deep tech is a name used from around 2011 for records that sit between deep house and tech house [s1]. It has the warm bass and soft chords of deep house, but the crisp drums and simple structure of tech house [s1]. The term was used mostly by DJs, shops and download stores, not by the artists themselves. So it is a marketing label as much as a scene [s2]. Green Velvet's 'Bigger Than Prince' (2013) was a record the scene loved, with a spoken vocal over a heavy groove [s1]. Hot Since 82's 'Knee Deep In Louise' (2013) and Dusky's 'Careless' (2013) were also widely played [s1]. The sound was common in London clubs and at Ibiza parties in the mid-2010s [s2]. Because the name was loose, many different records were sold under it [s2]. The name is mostly used by shops and download stores. DJs use it to describe records that are too warm for techno but too tough for deep house [s2].","sound":["Warm deep house bass with crisp tech house drums","A steady four-to-the-floor beat","Short vocal hooks or spoken words","Simple, danceable arrangements","A smooth but energetic club mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Green Velvet","role":"Chicago producer behind 'Bigger Than Prince'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Hot Since 82","role":"British producer behind 'Knee Deep In Louise'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Dusky","role":"British duo behind 'Careless'","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Relief Records","city":"Chicago","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Moda Black","city":"Leeds","founded":2012,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Aus Music","city":"London","founded":2006,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Green Velvet","title":"Bigger Than Prince","year":2013,"label":"Relief Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A record widely played in the deep tech scene.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/30313103-Green-Velvet-Bigger-Than-Prince","youtube":{"id":"Z-pSHh2u2dM","channel":"Green Velvet - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"ycnhzxrc3DE","channel":"ItsAllCIRCUS","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Hot Since 82","title":"Knee Deep In Louise","year":2013,"label":"Moda Black","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A track that shows the warm, club-focused deep tech sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Hot+Since+82+Knee+Deep+In+Louise&type=release","youtube":{"id":"usltSZgR6sU","channel":"Hot Since 82","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"GtPnuwOSLS4","channel":"Archie JD","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Dusky","title":"Careless","year":2013,"label":"Aus Music","catalogNumber":"AUS1351","why":"A much-played record that mixes deep house warmth with a firm club beat.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/4999325-Dusky-Careless-EP","youtube":{"id":"iBgVZkctLqw","channel":"DuskyMusic","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"cFfxwiQrExg","channel":"Selected.","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"deep-house","type":"fusion_of","note":"Deep tech takes the warm bass and chords of deep house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"tech-house","type":"fusion_of","note":"Its drums and simple structure come from tech house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Beatport's definitive history of tech house","author":null,"publisher":"Beatportal","year":null,"url":"https://www.beatportal.com/articles/60692-beatports-definitive-history-of-tech-house","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Tech house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tech_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Deep tech is mostly a shop and chart category; there is no single defining scene."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"dutch-house","name":"Dutch House","aliases":["Dirty Dutch","Dutch electro"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2005,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2007,"peakEnd":2011},"origins":[{"city":"Amsterdam","country":"Netherlands"},{"city":"Rotterdam","country":"Netherlands"}],"bpm":{"min":126,"max":132,"typical":128},"summary":"A loud Dutch club style with hard electronic drums and simple, catchy riffs.","history":"Dutch house is a club style from the Netherlands that became popular in the mid-2000s [s1]. It is also called dirty Dutch, a name used by DJ Chuckie for his parties and radio shows [s2]. The sound is built on hard, dry drum hits and simple, repeated synthesizer riffs [s1]. It often uses short shouted words and heavy, distorted bass [s1]. Fedde Le Grand's 'Put Your Hands Up 4 Detroit' (2006) was a large international hit [s1]. Sidney Samson's 'Riverside' (2009) and Afrojack's 'Pacha on Acid' (2009) were also widely played [s1]. Dutch producers became some of the most in-demand remixers and DJs of the time [s2]. The style later fed into big room house and the mainstream EDM sound of the 2010s [s1]. Dutch producers also became known for remixing pop songs in the same hard, simple style. The sound was played heavily at the Amsterdam Dance Event and on Dutch radio [s1].","sound":["Hard, dry drum machine hits","Simple, repeated synthesizer riffs","Heavy, distorted bass","Short shouted vocal samples","A high-energy, party mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Fedde Le Grand","role":"Dutch DJ and producer of 'Put Your Hands Up 4 Detroit'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Chuckie","role":"Dutch DJ who popularised the name dirty Dutch","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Sidney Samson","role":"Dutch producer of 'Riverside'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Afrojack","role":"Dutch DJ and producer","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Spinnin' Records","city":"Hilversum","founded":1999,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Flamingo Recordings","city":"Amsterdam","founded":2006,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Size Records","city":"Stockholm","founded":2003,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Fedde Le Grand","title":"Put Your Hands Up 4 Detroit","year":2006,"label":"Flamingo Recordings","catalogNumber":"none","why":"The record that made Dutch house famous around the world.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/13026185","youtube":{"id":"jkRDcu-QXyk","channel":"Fedde Le Grand","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"cxhab3IMYm0","channel":"Altra Moda Music","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Sidney Samson","title":"Riverside","year":2009,"label":"Samsobeats","catalogNumber":"none","why":"A Dutch house club hit with a simple, famous riff.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/13616807","youtube":{"id":"V775PPuBc7Y","channel":"Spinnin' Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"yS5M2AfkwjA","channel":"samsobeats","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Afrojack","title":"Pacha on Acid","year":2009,"label":"Size Records","catalogNumber":"SIZE040","why":"A track that shows the harder, electronic side of Dutch house.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2221372-Afrojack-Pacha-On-Acid","youtube":{"id":"CSYjSwK2u7c","channel":"AFROJACK - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"pCywcnEFFfM","channel":"BassScout","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"electro-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Dutch house grew from the loud electro house sound.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"detroit-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Hard drum sounds and simple riffs come partly from Detroit techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Dutch house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Dutch house","author":null,"publisher":"Soundbridge","year":null,"url":"https://www.soundbridge.io/dutch-house","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Dirty Dutch is often used only for Chuckie's harder style, while Dutch house covers a wider group."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"edm","name":"EDM","aliases":["Electronic dance music","Mainstream EDM"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":true,"era":{"start":2009,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2011,"peakEnd":2016},"origins":[{"city":"Stockholm","country":"Sweden"},{"city":"Los Angeles","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":125,"max":132,"typical":128},"summary":"A mainstream 2010s umbrella term for festival dance music with big drops and pop hooks.","history":"EDM stands for electronic dance music, but in the 2010s the short form EDM came to mean a specific mainstream festival sound [s1]. It grew in the United States from about 2009, when dance music entered the pop charts and large festivals [s1]. The tracks are built for big crowds, with long build-ups, loud drops and simple, catchy hooks [s1]. Avicii's 'Levels' (2011) used a famous melodic hook and became a worldwide hit [s1]. Swedish House Mafia's 'Don't You Worry Child' (2012) and Calvin Harris's 'Feel So Close' (2011) were also huge [s1][s2]. DJs such as David Guetta and Tiësto moved from clubs to stadiums and pop collaborations [s2]. The style was heavily criticised by some people in the underground scene, who said the name EDM did not describe real electronic music culture [s1]. The peak passed around 2016, but the sound still shapes pop and festivals [s2]. Some producers used ghost producers, who made tracks without getting credit [s1].","sound":["A long build-up and a loud drop","Simple, catchy synth hooks","Pop-style vocals and songwriting","A hard, steady festival beat","A very large, clean production"],"figures":[{"name":"Avicii","role":"Swedish producer of 'Levels'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Swedish House Mafia","role":"Swedish trio of festival headliners","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Calvin Harris","role":"Scottish producer and pop hitmaker","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"David Guetta","role":"French DJ who moved into mainstream pop","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Universal Music Sweden","city":"Stockholm","founded":1972,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Columbia Records","city":"New York City","founded":1888,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Spinnin' Records","city":"Hilversum","founded":1999,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Avicii","title":"Levels","year":2011,"label":"Universal Music Sweden","catalogNumber":null,"why":"One of the defining EDM records and a worldwide hit.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/37590096-Avicii-Levels","youtube":{"id":"_ovdm2yX4MA","channel":"AviciiOfficialVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"wDuoOapZ9Z0","channel":"Avicii","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Swedish House Mafia feat. John Martin","title":"Don't You Worry Child","year":2012,"label":"EMI","catalogNumber":"none","why":"A huge EDM festival record with a pop chorus.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/12531105-Swedish-House-Mafia-Feat-John-Martin-Dont-You-Worry-Child-Remixes","youtube":{"id":"1y6smkh6c-0","channel":"SHMVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"r1MN4pR5wXM","channel":"Swedish House Mafia","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Calvin Harris","title":"Feel So Close","year":2011,"label":"Columbia Records","catalogNumber":"none","why":"An early-2010s EDM hit that crossed into pop radio.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3088396-Calvin-Harris-Feel-So-Close","youtube":{"id":"dGghkjpNCQ8","channel":"CalvinHarrisVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"big-room","type":"evolved_from","note":"EDM kept the big-room drop and festival shape.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"electro-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Its loud electronic sounds come from electro house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"dutch-house","type":"influenced","note":"Dutch producers and labels shaped the mainstream sound.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Electronic dance music","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_dance_music","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"2010s: Reverberations of EDM","author":null,"publisher":"Pitchfork","year":2019,"url":"https://pitchfork.com/features/article/2010s-reverberations-of-edm-skrillex-zedd/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["EDM is a marketing and media umbrella term, not a single musical style; it overlaps with big room, electro house and progressive house."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"electro-house","name":"Electro House","aliases":["Electrohouse"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2002,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2006,"peakEnd":2012},"origins":[{"city":"Paris","country":"France"},{"city":"Milan","country":"Italy"}],"bpm":{"min":125,"max":132,"typical":128},"summary":"A loud house style with distorted electronic bass and heavy, robotic sounds.","history":"Electro house appeared in the early 2000s [s1]. It joined house rhythms with the harsh electronic sounds of electro and the energy of rock music [s1]. The Italian producer Benny Benassi's 'Satisfaction' (2002) was an early worldwide hit with a simple, distorted bassline [s1]. In Paris, the label Ed Banger released Justice's 'Waters of Nazareth' in 2005, which had a rough, compressed sound [s2]. The style became very popular from about 2006 [s1]. It used heavy side-chaining, a technique where the bass is pushed down on every drum hit to make a pumping effect [s1]. The Bloody Beetroots and Steve Aoki's 'Warp 1.9' (2009) is another well-known record [s1]. Electro house later fed into big room house and much of the festival dance music of the 2010s [s1]. Many electro house records were used in video games and film soundtracks. The style's loud, compressed sound also shaped later festival dance music [s1][s3].","sound":["Loud, distorted electronic basslines","A pumping side-chained feel","Hard, robotic synthesizer sounds","A steady four-to-the-floor beat","Short, shouted vocal samples"],"figures":[{"name":"Benny Benassi","role":"Italian producer behind 'Satisfaction'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Justice","role":"French duo behind 'Waters of Nazareth'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Steve Aoki","role":"American DJ and label owner","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"The Bloody Beetroots","role":"Italian electro house project","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Ed Banger Records","city":"Paris","founded":2003,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Dim Mak Records","city":"Los Angeles","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"D:vision Records","city":"Milan","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Benny Benassi presents The Biz","title":"Satisfaction","year":2002,"label":"D:vision Records","catalogNumber":"DVR 340.03","why":"An early electro house hit known around the world.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/241777-Benny-Benassi-Presents-The-Biz-Satisfaction","youtube":{"id":"a0fkNdPiIL4","channel":"Ultra Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"ikX06rifHMg","channel":"bennybenassitv","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Justice","title":"Waters of Nazareth","year":2005,"label":"Ed Banger Records","catalogNumber":"ED 005","why":"A rough, influential electro house record from the Ed Banger scene.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/406565","youtube":{"id":"qxor_g-A4h0","channel":"Ed Banger Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"1SEgoi7kjw8","channel":"Justice","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"The Bloody Beetroots feat. Steve Aoki","title":"Warp 1.9","year":2009,"label":"Dim Mak Records","catalogNumber":"DM1152","why":"A loud electro house track that was widely played in clubs.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/13992067-The-Bloody-Beetroots-Feat-Steve-Aoki-Warp-19-Remixes","youtube":{"id":"P-gioiwONGA","channel":"Steve Aoki","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"xOQYLV6CESo","channel":"lukeyh12345","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"electro","type":"influenced","note":"The robotic, distorted sounds come from electro.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"french-house","type":"influenced","note":"The Paris scene that made French house also produced electro house.","sourceRefs":["s2","s3"]},{"id":"tech-house","type":"influenced","note":"Its club structure is close to tech house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Electro house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Justice (band)","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_(band)","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"The history of French house sound","author":null,"publisher":"XLR8R","year":null,"url":"https://xlr8r.com/features/the-history-of-french-house-sound/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"french-house","name":"French House","aliases":["French touch","Filter house"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1994,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1997,"peakEnd":2001},"origins":[{"city":"Paris","country":"France"}],"bpm":{"min":110,"max":128,"typical":120},"summary":"A French house style built on filtered disco samples and heavy electronic effects.","history":"French house, also called French touch, appeared in Paris in the mid-1990s [s1]. Producers took short parts of old disco and funk records and passed them through filters and effects [s1]. A filter is a tool that cuts some frequencies, making a sound seem to move closer or further away [s1]. Daft Punk's 'Da Funk' (1995) was an early international hit on the Scottish label Soma [s2]. Stardust's 'Music Sounds Better With You' (1998) and Cassius's '1999' became worldwide successes [s1]. The music mixed disco, funk and house with a playful, homemade feel [s1]. Many of the records were released on small French labels such as Roulé and Ed Banger [s1]. French house shaped later electro house and much of the dance-pop that followed [s1]. The records were often made in home studios with samplers and drum machines. French house also influenced pop music and the sound of later electro house [s1].","sound":["Filtered, looped disco and funk samples","A strong, repeating bass groove","Warm, compressed and slightly dirty sound","Vocoder or filtered vocals","Playful, retro-disco mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Daft Punk","role":"Duo of Thomas Bangalter and Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Cassius","role":"Parisian duo behind '1999'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Stardust","role":"One-off group behind 'Music Sounds Better With You'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Étienne de Crécy","role":"French producer and label owner","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Roulé","city":"Paris","founded":1995,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Soma Records","city":"Glasgow","founded":1991,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Daft Punk","title":"Da Funk","year":1995,"label":"Soma Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early French house hit that introduced the style to the world.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/13186019-Daft-Punk-Da-Funk","youtube":{"id":"mmi60Bd4jSs","channel":"Daft Punk","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"32J7bZHva9M","channel":"Daft Punk","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Stardust","title":"Music Sounds Better With You","year":1998,"label":"Roulé","catalogNumber":"ROULE 305 CD","why":"The best-known French house record and a global chart hit.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/14141-Stardust-Music-Sounds-Better-With-You","youtube":{"id":"FQlAEiCb8m0","channel":"Stardust","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"bIPmVwB08ko","channel":"DJ EPhunk","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Cassius","title":"1999","year":1999,"label":"Virgin France","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A late-1990s French house anthem.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/13021787-Cassius-1999","youtube":{"id":"QXSlkjPbpkA","channel":"Cassius","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"mDPGWgVHolI","channel":"Good Old Music","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"disco","type":"evolved_from","note":"French house is built from sampled disco records.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"chicago-house","type":"influenced","note":"The house beat and club structure came from Chicago and New York.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"funk-boogie","type":"influenced","note":"The bass and rhythm sounds are taken from funk and boogie.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"French house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"The history of French house sound","author":null,"publisher":"XLR8R","year":null,"url":"https://xlr8r.com/features/the-history-of-french-house-sound/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":["https://learningtodj.com/blog/a-brief-introduction-to-nu-disco-and-disco-house/"],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"future-house","name":"Future House","aliases":["Future deep house"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2013,"startApprox":false,"peakStart":2014,"peakEnd":2017},"origins":[{"city":"Amsterdam","country":"Netherlands"},{"city":"Paris","country":"France"}],"bpm":{"min":122,"max":128,"typical":125},"summary":"A 2010s style that mixes deep house warmth with a metallic, bending bass sound.","history":"Future house began around 2013 [s1]. It took the warm feeling of deep house and added a new kind of bass sound. This sound is often called a talk-box or metallic bass, and it bends and talks [s1]. The Dutch producer Oliver Heldens's 'Gecko' (2013) was an early and very popular example [s1]. The French producer Tchami's 'Promesses' (2014) showed the same style with a gospel-style vocal [s1]. Don Diablo's 'AnyTime' (2010) was another widely played track [s2]. The name future house was mostly used by listeners and download stores rather than by the artists [s2]. The style was common from about 2014 to 2017 and influenced bass house and later dance-pop [s1]. It is still played, though less often than at its peak [s2]. The style was especially popular in the Netherlands and was played at both clubs and festivals. Many tracks were released as free downloads before an official release [s1].","sound":["A warm deep house beat","A bending, metallic bass lead","Short, soulful vocal samples","Bright, simple synth chords","A clean but heavy club mix"],"figures":[{"name":"Oliver Heldens","role":"Dutch producer of 'Gecko'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Tchami","role":"French producer of 'Promesses'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Don Diablo","role":"Dutch producer of 'AnyTime'","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Musical Freedom","city":"Amsterdam","founded":2009,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Fool's Gold Records","city":"New York City","founded":2007,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Spinnin' Records","city":"Hilversum","founded":1999,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Oliver Heldens","title":"Gecko","year":2013,"label":"Musical Freedom","catalogNumber":"MF067","why":"An early future house hit that defined the style's bass sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/5261850-Oliver-Heldens-Gecko","youtube":{"id":"jjx2oc2NRzA","channel":"Spinnin' Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"f1IDFqzk1XA","channel":"Spinnin' Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Tchami feat. Kaleem Taylor","title":"Promesses","year":2014,"label":"Fool's Gold Records","catalogNumber":"none","why":"A key future house track with a gospel-style vocal.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/10086581-Tchami-Feat-Kaleem-Taylor-Promesses","youtube":{"id":"iPioLizQKuc","channel":"Fool's Gold Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"kiiQCXRCS4U","channel":"Tchami","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Don Diablo","title":"AnyTime","year":2010,"label":"Spinnin' Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A widely played future house record.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2359758-DS-Anytime","youtube":{"id":"W46raxKFk2Y","channel":"Spinnin' Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"XaYaiRVPq5s","channel":"Don Diablo","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"deep-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Future house keeps the warm bass and chords of deep house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"uk-garage","type":"influenced","note":"Its swung drums recall UK garage rhythms.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Future house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"How Oliver Heldens transformed future house","author":null,"publisher":"Nexus Radio","year":null,"url":"https://nexus.radio/news/how-oliver-heldens-transformed-future-house-into-an-internationally-iconic-genre","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["The name future house was a listener and store label more than a scene name."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"garage-house","name":"Garage House","aliases":["New York garage","New Jersey garage"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1984,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1990,"peakEnd":1997},"origins":[{"city":"New York City","country":"United States"},{"city":"Newark","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":115,"max":126,"typical":120},"summary":"A soulful, vocal-heavy house style from New York and New Jersey club culture.","history":"Garage house takes its name from the Paradise Garage, a New York club that ran from 1977 to 1987 [s2]. Its resident DJ, Larry Levan, mixed disco, soul and gospel with early drum machines in long, emotional sets [s2]. The sound was carried on in New Jersey by DJ Tony Humphries at the club Zanzibar [s1]. Garage house keeps the strong, soulful singing of disco and pairs it with a house beat [s1]. It is warmer and more musical than the rawest Chicago records, and piano and organ parts are common [s1]. In the 1990s the style was made by producers such as Masters at Work, Blaze and Kerri Chandler [s1]. Masters at Work, the duo of 'Little' Louie Vega and Kenny 'Dope' Gonzalez, became central to the scene [s3]. Their 1993 track 'I Can't Get No Sleep', sung by India, is one of the widely known garage house records [s3]. The style later fed into British speed garage and UK garage [s1].","sound":["Strong soulful or gospel lead vocals","Warm piano and organ chords","A steady four-to-the-floor house beat","Rich, layered percussion","Emotional, song-like arrangements"],"figures":[{"name":"Larry Levan","role":"DJ at the Paradise Garage","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Tony Humphries","role":"New Jersey DJ at Zanzibar","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Masters at Work","role":"Producer duo of Louie Vega and Kenny Dope","sourceRefs":["s1","s3"]},{"name":"Kerri Chandler","role":"New Jersey house producer","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Strictly Rhythm","city":"New York City","founded":1989,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Cutting Records","city":"New York City","founded":1982,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Masters at Work feat. India","title":"I Can't Get No Sleep","year":1993,"label":"Cutting Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A defining garage house anthem from the scene's central production duo.","evidence":["s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/283300-Masters-At-Work-Feat-India-The-Latin-Project-I-Cant-Get-No-Sleep-Copyright-Re-Edit-Lei-Lo-Lai-MAW-Mi","youtube":{"id":"cz5G42O09eo","channel":"Masters At Work TV","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"uXc80vNwbpo","channel":"iLoveHouseMusicTV","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Blaze","title":"Lovelee Dae","year":1997,"label":"Playhouse","catalogNumber":"15","why":"A late garage house classic that shows the style's deep, soulful side.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3626183-Blaze-Lovelee-Dae","youtube":{"id":"U__y-jXbIqU","channel":"4 To The Floor","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"YbPqTCNrGac","channel":"Groove","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Kerri Chandler","title":"Rain","year":1998,"label":"Nervous Records","catalogNumber":"NER 20434","why":"A much-played New Jersey garage house track with a deep, rolling groove.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/8115398-Kerri-Chandler-Rain","youtube":{"id":"kqy4gpiTPaA","channel":"Kerri Chandler - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"weyCHkdL-HI","channel":"NervousRecordsNYC","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"disco","type":"evolved_from","note":"New York club DJs kept disco alive and rebuilt it with drum machines.","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"id":"funk-boogie","type":"influenced","note":"Boogie and soul production gave garage house its warm, song-based feel.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Garage house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garage_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Paradise Garage","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_Garage","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Last Night a DJ Saved My Life: The History of the Disc Jockey","author":"Bill Brewster and Frank Broughton","publisher":"Grove Press","year":1999,"url":null,"type":"book","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":["https://learningtodj.com/blog/a-short-history-of-strictly-rhythm/"],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Garage house overlaps with deep house; the boundary between the two is not exact."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"ghetto-house","name":"Ghetto House","aliases":["Booty House"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1992,"startApprox":false,"peakStart":1995,"peakEnd":2005},"origins":[{"city":"Chicago","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":125,"max":140,"typical":132},"summary":"Raw Chicago house with simple drum machines and often explicit vocals.","history":"Ghetto house, also called booty house, is a form of house music from Chicago [s1]. It was recognised as its own style from about 1992 [s1]. The music uses simple 808 and 909 drum machines and has little or no effects [s1]. It often has a four-to-the-floor kick or a skipping kick [s1]. The sound includes 808 and 909 clap and tom sounds [s1]. Vocals are often short, repeated and sexually explicit [s1]. The templates came from Chicago house records such as Cajmere's 'It's Time for the Percolator' [s1]. The label Dance Mania released many of the well-known records [s2]. DJ Deeon, DJ Funk, DJ Milton, DJ Slugo and Parris Mitchell were central artists [s1][s2][s3]. In the late 1990s a faster version called juke developed in Chicago [s1]. Ghetto house is the rawest and most direct form of the Chicago house family [s2]. It has a small but loyal audience around the world [s2].","sound":["Simple 808 and 909 drum machine sounds","Short, repeated vocal samples","Explicit or humorous lyrics","A raw, dry mix","A four-to-the-floor or skipping kick"],"figures":[{"name":"DJ Deeon","role":"Chicago producer central to ghetto house","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"DJ Funk","role":"Chicago producer and ghetto house figure","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Parris Mitchell","role":"Chicago producer with Dance Mania records","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"DJ Milton","role":"Chicago ghetto house producer","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Dance Mania","city":"Chicago","founded":1986,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Cajual Records","city":"Chicago","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Relief Records","city":"Chicago","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"DJ Deeon","title":"Freak Like Me","year":1996,"label":"Dance Mania","catalogNumber":"DM 185","why":"A Dance Mania record often named as a ghetto house classic.","evidence":["s1","s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/44444-DJ-Deeon-Freak-Like-Me","youtube":{"id":"hZlJKaR2Apg","channel":"DJ Deeon - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"uCrx1bxC_1w","channel":"NewKindAgency","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"DJ Funk","title":"Work It","year":1995,"label":"Dance Mania","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A raw ghetto house track from a central producer of the style.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=DJ+Funk+Work+It&type=release","youtube":{"id":"GyJIOVkh4Vo","channel":"Conexão DJ","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0},"backup":{"id":"K047rOhBQYI","channel":"DJ FUNK","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"}},{"artist":"Parris Mitchell","title":"Follow Me Ghetto (Acid)","year":1994,"label":"Dance Mania","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A ghetto house record from a Dance Mania producer.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Parris+Mitchell+Follow+Me+Ghetto&type=release","youtube":{"id":"lgU8cdYthn0","channel":"Parris Mitchell - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"BMwi9Ta4CLA","channel":"Parris Mitchell - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"chicago-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Ghetto house is the raw, drum-machine side of Chicago house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"acid-house","type":"influenced","note":"Some ghetto house tracks use acid-style bass lines.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hip-hop-breaks","type":"influenced","note":"Its rapped vocals and explicit themes come partly from hip hop.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Ghetto house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghetto_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Ghetto Madness: 10 essential Dance Mania 12\"s","author":null,"publisher":"The Vinyl Factory","year":null,"url":"https://www.thevinylfactory.com/features/ghetto-madness-10-essential-dance-mania-12s","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"The History of Ghetto House, by DJ Funk","author":"Czarina Mirani","publisher":"5 Magazine","year":2010,"url":"https://5mag.net/features/the-history-of-ghetto-house-by-dj-funk","type":"interview","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["Some tracks are sold as ghetto house and as juke or booty house. The entry follows the common 1992 start date."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"hip-house","name":"Hip House","aliases":["Hip-house","Rap house"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1988,"startApprox":false,"peakStart":1989,"peakEnd":1991},"origins":[{"city":"Chicago","country":"United States"},{"city":"New York City","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":118,"max":130,"typical":124},"summary":"A late-1980s mix of house music beats and rapped vocals.","history":"Hip house joined two styles that were growing side by side in the late 1980s: house music and hip hop [s1]. Producers put a house beat under a rapped vocal, keeping the flow of hip hop but the tempo and feel of house [s1]. The Jungle Brothers' 'I'll House You', released in 1988, is often named as the record that started the style [s2]. It was produced by Todd Terry, a New York DJ and producer [s2]. Fast Eddie's 'Yo Yo Get Funky' came out the same year on the Chicago label DJ International [s1]. Tyree Cooper's 'Turn Up the Bass' was another early hit [s1]. In 1989 the Belgian group Technotronic released 'Pump Up the Jam', which brought hip house to a huge pop audience [s1]. The style was short-lived in its first form, but its mix of rapping and dance beats returned often in later pop music [s2].","sound":["A four-to-the-floor house beat under rapped vocals","Short, repeated vocal hooks","Loud, punchy drum machine sounds","Sampled stabs and basslines","A fun, party-focused mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Todd Terry","role":"New York producer of early hip house records","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Jungle Brothers","role":"Hip hop group behind 'I'll House You'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Fast Eddie","role":"Chicago producer of 'Yo Yo Get Funky'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Tyree Cooper","role":"Chicago producer of 'Turn Up the Bass'","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"DJ International","city":"Chicago","founded":1985,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Idlers","city":"New York City","founded":1988,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Jungle Brothers","title":"I'll House You","year":1988,"label":"Idlers","catalogNumber":"WAR 022B","why":"Widely named as the first successful hip house record.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/13612074-Jungle-Brothers-Ill-House-You","youtube":{"id":"R7_1Xb5Uc8U","channel":"Central Station Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"AFGhQSiGHWM","channel":"chinita41","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Fast Eddie","title":"Yo Yo Get Funky","year":1988,"label":"DJ International","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A Chicago hip house record that became a club and chart hit.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/4545850-The-DJ-Fast-Eddie-Yo-Yo-Get-Funky","youtube":{"id":"S5-sYnBFcD4","channel":"Fast Eddie - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"KMHJxUC1iMI","channel":"antoni1968","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Technotronic feat. Felly","title":"Pump Up the Jam","year":1989,"label":"ARS Productions","catalogNumber":null,"why":"The record that took hip house to the top of the pop charts.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/552113-DONS-Feat-Technotronic-Pump-Up-The-Jam","youtube":{"id":"9EcjWd-O4jI","channel":"TechnotronicVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"hip-hop-breaks","type":"fusion_of","note":"Hip house is a direct mix of hip hop rapping and house beats.","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"id":"chicago-house","type":"fusion_of","note":"The house half of the sound came from Chicago.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Hip house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Hip house: an oral history","author":null,"publisher":"Red Bull Music Academy Daily","year":2016,"url":"https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2016/05/hip-house-oral-history/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"italo-house","name":"Italo House","aliases":["Italian house"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1987,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1989,"peakEnd":1991},"origins":[{"city":"Milan","country":"Italy"},{"city":"Rome","country":"Italy"}],"bpm":{"min":118,"max":128,"typical":122},"summary":"A bright, piano-led house style made in Italy in the late 1980s.","history":"Italo house came from Italian clubs in the late 1980s [s1]. It mixed the melodies and electronic sounds of Italo disco with the drum machine beat of Chicago house [s1][s2]. The result was fast, bright and very melodic, with loud piano chords and simple, catchy vocal hooks [s1]. Italian studios made records quickly and cheaply, and many were sung in English for the international market [s1]. Black Box's 'Ride on Time' reached number one in Britain in 1989 [s1]. In the same year the 49ers released 'Touch Me' and FPI Project released 'Rich in Paradise (Going Back to My Roots)' [s1]. These tracks were played in clubs across Europe and helped make house music popular in Britain [s1]. Italo house also influenced later European dance-pop and the sound of the early 1990s [s3]. The records often reused famous disco songs or sang new melodies over a house beat. Italian studios also supplied backing tracks for singers from other countries [s1].","sound":["Bright, loud piano chords","Fast, steady four-to-the-floor drums","Simple, catchy female or male vocals","Cheerful synthesizer melodies","A clean, radio-friendly production"],"figures":[{"name":"Black Box","role":"Italian group behind 'Ride on Time'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"49ers","role":"Italian group behind 'Touch Me'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"FPI Project","role":"Italian group behind 'Rich in Paradise'","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Discomagic Records","city":"Milan","founded":1982,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Media Records","city":"Brescia","founded":1984,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Black Box","title":"Ride on Time","year":1989,"label":"Discomagic Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"The most successful Italo house record and a UK number one.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2025151-Black-Box-Ride-On-Time","youtube":{"id":"M0quXl_od3g","channel":"BlackBoxHouse","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"XIKpHZEj_wc","channel":"Music 80 12 Inch","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"49ers","title":"Touch Me","year":1989,"label":"Media Records","catalogNumber":"MR 544","why":"A piano-led Italo house hit played widely across Europe.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/193116-49ers-Touch-Me","youtube":{"id":"IqMWdIDw36w","channel":"zyxdance","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"HkcQZALAQx4","channel":"ROBSON VEEJAY RJ","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"FPI Project","title":"Rich in Paradise (Going Back to My Roots)","year":1989,"label":"Paradise Project Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A defining Italo house record built on a famous disco sample.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/22020475-FPI-Project-Rich-In-Paradise-Going-Back-To-My-Roots","youtube":{"id":"bATTWQg4-mM","channel":"FPI Project","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"5ZEhgGKXqHc","channel":"FPI Project","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"italo-disco","type":"evolved_from","note":"Italo house took the melody and electronic style of Italo disco.","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"id":"chicago-house","type":"influenced","note":"The house beat and drum machine patterns came from Chicago.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Italo house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Italo disco","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo_disco","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Last Night a DJ Saved My Life: The History of the Disc Jockey","author":"Bill Brewster and Frank Broughton","publisher":"Grove Press","year":1999,"url":null,"type":"book","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Exact Italian release dates for some of these records differ between editions."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"jackin-house","name":"Jackin House","aliases":["Jacking House"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1995,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2000,"peakEnd":2012},"origins":[{"city":"Chicago","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":122,"max":128,"typical":125},"summary":"Sample-heavy Chicago house built for dancing, with chopped vocals and funky loops.","history":"Jackin house is a groove-first style of house music from Chicago [s1]. It takes the raw energy of early Chicago house and the sample-heavy feel of ghetto house [s1]. The name comes from 'jacking', a full-body dance style from Chicago house clubs [s1]. Dancers let the music control their bodies in a fast, repeated movement [s1]. Musically, jackin house has tight, driving rhythms [s1]. It uses chopped vocal samples from soul, funk and disco records [s1]. Strong bass and rough, simple production are also common [s1]. Producers such as DJ Sneak, Cajmere, Derrick Carter and Mark Farina became known for it [s1][s2]. The style is usually about 122 to 128 beats per minute [s1]. It is made for the dance floor rather than for listening at home [s2]. Jackin house is still released by many small labels [s2]. Many jackin house tracks are built from one repeated groove [s2]. DJs often cut and scratch the records when they play them [s2].","sound":["Chopped soul and funk vocal samples","Tight, driving drum loops","A strong, funky bassline","Raw, simple production","A tempo around 125 beats per minute"],"figures":[{"name":"DJ Sneak","role":"Chicago producer known for sample-based jackin house","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Cajmere","role":"Chicago producer also known as Green Velvet","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Derrick Carter","role":"Chicago DJ and producer central to the style","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Mark Farina","role":"Chicago DJ linked to jackin house","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Cajual Records","city":"Chicago","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Relief Records","city":"Chicago","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Classic Music Company","city":"London","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"DJ Sneak","title":"You Can't Hide from Your Bud","year":1997,"label":"Defiant Records","catalogNumber":"Def - 973","why":"A sample-heavy house record often named as a jackin house classic.","evidence":["s1","s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/7683787-DJ-Sneak-U-Cant-Hide-From-Your-Bud","youtube":{"id":"qHmkTBVGaTI","channel":"iLoveHouseMusicTV","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"3HOb4VnkA7Y","channel":"exiledlarky","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Cajmere","title":"Percolator","year":1992,"label":"Cajual Records","catalogNumber":"LEG3","why":"An early Chicago record whose loop became central to jackin house.","evidence":["s1","s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/13605416-Cajmere-Percolator","youtube":{"id":"b-R0TC0DLVE","channel":"Craig Earnest","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"3pHOtm_eM2M","channel":"iLoveHouseMusicTV","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Derrick Carter","title":"Squaredancing in a Roundhouse","year":1997,"label":"Classic Music Company","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A funky, sample-based house track from a leading Chicago producer.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/15849130-Derrick-L-Carter-Squaredancing-In-A-Roundhouse","youtube":{"id":"vzAy5fBy46Q","channel":"Classic Music Company","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"chicago-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Jackin house is a later, sample-based form of Chicago house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"ghetto-house","type":"influenced","note":"It shares the raw Chicago energy and simple drums of ghetto house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"deep-house","type":"influenced","note":"Its warm, groovy bass is close to deep house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Jackin' House","author":null,"publisher":"The Sound Atlas","year":null,"url":"https://thesoundatlas.org/discover/jackin-house","type":"database","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Jackin' House","author":null,"publisher":"Assist With Music","year":null,"url":"https://assistwithmusic.com/encyclopedia/jackin-house","type":"database","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["The name jackin house is used loosely and the style overlaps heavily with Chicago house. A human should confirm whether it should be merged with chicago-house; the difference given here is the 1990s-onward, sample-loop dance-floor style."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"kwaito","name":"Kwaito","aliases":[],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1990,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1995,"peakEnd":2002},"origins":[{"city":"Johannesburg","country":"South Africa"}],"bpm":{"min":105,"max":120,"typical":112},"summary":"Slow South African house music with local languages, deep bass and township pride.","history":"Kwaito is a music genre that began in Soweto, Johannesburg, between the late 1980s and the 1990s [s1]. It uses South African sounds and samples [s1]. Kwaito is slower than most house music [s1]. It has catchy loops, deep bass lines and vocals [s1]. The word comes from the South African slang 'kwaai', meaning 'cool' [s1]. The music mixes house with hip hop, jazz, dub and older South African styles such as marabi, kwela and mbaqanga [s2]. Early DJs slowed down house records and added local piano, percussion and melodies [s2]. The lyrics are mostly in township slang and mix several languages [s2]. Kwaito became the sound of post-apartheid township youth culture [s1]. Arthur Mafokate and M'du Masilela were pioneers [s2]. Groups such as Boom Shaka and TKZee became very popular [s2]. Labels such as Kalawa Jazmee released the music [s2]. Kwaito later shaped amapiano and afro tech [s1].","sound":["A slow house beat","Deep bass lines","Local South African languages and slang","Simple keyboard melodies","Percussive loops"],"figures":[{"name":"Arthur Mafokate","role":"Pioneer of kwaito","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"M'du Masilela","role":"Pioneer of kwaito and the log drum sound","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Boom Shaka","role":"South African kwaito group","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"TKZee","role":"South African kwaito group","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Kalawa Jazmee","city":"Johannesburg","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"999 Music","city":"Johannesburg","founded":1990,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Ghetto Ruff","city":"Johannesburg","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Boom Shaka","title":"It's About Time","year":1993,"label":"Kalawa Jazmee","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early kwaito hit that helped define the sound.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Boom+Shaka+It's+About+Time&type=release","youtube":{"id":"4w9vCkGNOi8","channel":"Boom Shaka - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"jrvleFyJMrQ","channel":"Lebo Mathosa - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"TKZee","title":"Shibobo / The Final Countdown","year":1998,"label":"BMG","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A kwaito record that mixed football chants with dance music.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=TKZee+Shibobo&type=release","youtube":{"id":"zfN--diX67U","channel":"TKZEEVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"9ZpiHSwC_pM","channel":"TKZEEVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Mandoza","title":"Nkalakatha","year":2000,"label":"Ghetto Ruff","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A kwaito and maskandi hit that became a South African anthem.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1262123-Mandoza-Nkalakatha","youtube":{"id":"b28vJvntyUM","channel":"Mandoza","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"H1kH_loHm3s","channel":"SA Kwaito Music","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"chicago-house","type":"influenced","note":"Kwaito grew from house music, slowed down and made local.","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"id":"deep-house","type":"fusion_of","note":"It mixed house beats with deep bass and soulful keyboards.","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"id":"hip-hop-breaks","type":"fusion_of","note":"Its rapped, slang-heavy vocals come from hip hop.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Kwaito","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwaito","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"A history of Kwaito music","author":null,"publisher":"South African History Online","year":2011,"url":"https://sahistory.org.za/article/history-kwaito-music","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["Kwaito is sometimes described as the South African form of hip hop, sometimes as a house style. The entry follows the house-based description, which the sources support."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"lo-fi-house","name":"Lo-Fi House","aliases":["Lofi house","Raw house"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2015,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2017,"peakEnd":2019},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"Sydney","country":"Australia"}],"bpm":{"min":115,"max":125,"typical":120},"summary":"A rough, emotional house style with hissy drums, soft chords and a homemade feel.","history":"Lo-fi house appeared around 2015 among young producers sharing tracks online [s1]. It copies the warm, imperfect sound of old tapes and cheap drum machines [s1]. The drums hiss, the chords are soft and slightly out of tune, and the mood is often sad or nostalgic [s2]. The style grew through YouTube channels and small labels such as Lobster Theremin [s1]. DJ Seinfeld's 'Time Spent Away From U' (2017) is one of its widely known tracks [s2]. Ross from Friends's 'Talk To Me You'll Understand' (2016) and Mall Grab's 'Feel U' (2015) are also often named [s1]. Some producers disliked the name, because it described the recording quality rather than the music [s3]. By 2019 the style had become part of a wider interest in raw, emotional dance music [s1]. The style was shared widely on YouTube and Bandcamp, where small labels built large followings. Many of the tracks were made quickly at home with cheap equipment [s1].","sound":["Hissy, rough drum sounds","Soft, slightly out-of-tune chords","Warm tape-style production","Sampled voices and textures","A sad or nostalgic mood"],"figures":[{"name":"DJ Seinfeld","role":"Swedish producer behind 'Time Spent Away From U'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Ross from Friends","role":"British producer behind 'Talk To Me You'll Understand'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Mall Grab","role":"Australian producer behind 'Feel U'","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Lobster Theremin","city":"London","founded":2013,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Shall Not Fade","city":"Bristol","founded":2015,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Mall Grab","title":"Feel U","year":2015,"label":"Shall Not Fade","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early lo-fi house track that became one of the style's best-known records.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/7012546-Mall-Grab-Feel-U","youtube":{"id":"GjO5egKpqWI","channel":"Mall Grab - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"FHm5H3OfvPM","channel":"Djegu","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"DJ Seinfeld","title":"Time Spent Away From U","year":2017,"label":"Lobster Theremin","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A key lo-fi house record known for its emotional, raw sound.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/11095856-DJ-Seinfeld-Time-Spent-Away-From-U","youtube":{"id":"RUkLOHFRbTI","channel":"DJ Psychiatre","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"1LnX224Q98E","channel":"SoundWaveSavage","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Ross from Friends","title":"Talk To Me You'll Understand","year":2016,"label":"Lobster Theremin","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A lo-fi house track widely named as a defining example of the style.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/8610636-Ross-From-Friends-Youll-Understand","youtube":{"id":"s93kHQe8Upc","channel":"Ross From Friends - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"TDcYUcX5aHk","channel":"HATE","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"deep-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Lo-fi house keeps the warm chords and pace of deep house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"ambient","type":"influenced","note":"Its soft, hazy textures and sad mood come from ambient music.","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"id":"garage-house","type":"influenced","note":"Sampled soulful vocals connect it to garage house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Lo-fi house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo-fi_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Get familiar: DJ Seinfeld","author":null,"publisher":"XLR8R","year":null,"url":"https://xlr8r.com/features/get-familiar-dj-seinfeld/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Irony is a dead scene: a user's guide to lo-fi house","author":null,"publisher":"HighClouds","year":null,"url":"https://highclouds.org/irony-is-a-dead-scene-a-users-guide-to-lo-fi-house/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Some producers reject the name lo-fi house and prefer to describe the sound as raw or tape house."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"micro-house","name":"Microhouse","aliases":["Micro house","Microhouse"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1998,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2000,"peakEnd":2005},"origins":[{"city":"Berlin","country":"Germany"},{"city":"Cologne","country":"Germany"}],"bpm":{"min":115,"max":127,"typical":122},"summary":"A quiet, detailed house style that uses tiny clicks, cuts and strange samples.","history":"Microhouse appeared in the late 1990s in Germany and beyond [s1]. It mixed the groove of house and tech house with the small, detailed sounds of glitch music [s1]. Producers used tiny clicks, short cuts and unusual samples, often taken from everyday sounds [s2]. Akufen's album 'My Way' (2002) was built almost completely from small pieces of radio and music [s2]. Luomo's 'Tessio' (2000) used a clear pop-style vocal with very fine production [s1]. Isolée's 'Beau Mot Plage' (1998) was an early and much-loved example [s1]. The style was popular in smaller clubs and on headphones, where the small details can be heard [s1]. It influenced later minimal house and the wider minimal scene [s1]. The style was popular with DJs who liked quiet, detailed music. It also influenced later minimal house and the sound of many German labels [s1][s3]. Producers often released on vinyl in small amounts for collectors [s1].","sound":["Very small, detailed clicks and cuts","Unusual found sounds and short samples","A soft, steady house beat","Warm, rounded basslines","A quiet, close, headphone-friendly mix"],"figures":[{"name":"Akufen","role":"Canadian producer behind the microhouse album 'My Way'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Luomo","role":"Finnish producer of 'Tessio'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Isolée","role":"German producer of 'Beau Mot Plage'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Herbert","role":"British producer who used everyday sounds","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Force Inc. Music Works","city":"Frankfurt","founded":1991,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Force Tracks","city":"Frankfurt","founded":1998,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Playhouse","city":"Frankfurt","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Isolée","title":"Beau Mot Plage","year":1998,"label":"Playhouse","catalogNumber":"PLAYHOUSE 22","why":"An early and much-loved microhouse record.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2959279-Isol%C3%A9e-Beau-Mot-Plage","youtube":{"id":"xIMauhrrWLo","channel":"isolée","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"mQy2V_3LRMQ","channel":"Classic Music Company","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Luomo","title":"Tessio","year":2000,"label":"Force Tracks","catalogNumber":"FT54 PROMO","why":"A key microhouse track that mixes pop singing with fine detail.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1024992-Luomo-Tessio","youtube":{"id":"l_n8MtHoYN4","channel":"Luomo - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"Akufen","title":"Deck the House","year":2002,"label":"Force Inc. Music Works","catalogNumber":"FIM 223","why":"A famous microhouse track built from many tiny samples.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2045253-Akufen-Deck-The-House","youtube":{"id":"w7nNF0FJ3-I","channel":"The Audyssey","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"zfV8M91A5Rk","channel":"SomeMusicLayingAround","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"tech-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Microhouse took the groove of tech house and made it smaller and stranger.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"minimal-techno","type":"influenced","note":"The quiet, detailed feel comes partly from minimal techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"ambient","type":"influenced","note":"Its soft, close atmosphere shares ideas with ambient music.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Microhouse","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microhouse","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"A guide to microhouse","author":null,"publisher":"Bandcamp Daily","year":null,"url":"https://daily.bandcamp.com/lists/microhouse-guide","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Podcast 529: Akufen","author":null,"publisher":"XLR8R","year":null,"url":"https://xlr8r.com/podcasts/podcast-529-akufen/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Microhouse is sometimes treated as part of minimal house; this entry keeps them separate."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"minimal-house","name":"Minimal House","aliases":["Minimal"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1996,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2003,"peakEnd":2010},"origins":[{"city":"Berlin","country":"Germany"},{"city":"Frankfurt","country":"Germany"}],"bpm":{"min":118,"max":126,"typical":122},"summary":"A stripped-back house style that uses only a few sounds and lots of space.","history":"Minimal house grew in Europe in the late 1990s [s1]. Producers removed extra sounds and left space between the drums, so the groove became the main focus [s1]. The style is close to microhouse but is aimed more at the dance floor and is less busy [s2]. Ricardo Villalobos became one of its widely known artists with tracks such as '808 The Bassqueen' (1998) [s1]. Steve Bug and his label Poker Flat Recordings released many minimal house records in the 2000s [s1]. Herbert's 'The Audience' (2001) used a soft, detailed style that was also part of the same scene [s1]. By the mid-2000s minimal house was one of the most popular sounds in European clubs [s2]. It then influenced Romanian minimal and the wider minimal techno scene [s1]. The style was played in Berlin clubs such as Watergate and at after-parties across Europe. Producers often used very few sounds and let a track run for many minutes [s1]. Ricardo Villalobos became one of the style's widely known artists [s3].","sound":["Very few sounds at once","A soft, steady house beat","Long gaps and space in the mix","Small clicks and soft percussion","A smooth, rolling bassline"],"figures":[{"name":"Ricardo Villalobos","role":"Chilean-German producer and key minimal house artist","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Steve Bug","role":"German producer and label owner","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Herbert","role":"British producer who worked in a detailed minimal style","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Zip","role":"German producer and co-founder of Perlon","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Perlon","city":"Berlin","founded":1997,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Poker Flat Recordings","city":"Berlin","founded":1998,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"!K7 Records","city":"Berlin","founded":1985,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Ricardo Villalobos","title":"808 The Bassqueen","year":1998,"label":"Perlon","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early minimal house record from one of the style's main artists.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/36329440-Ricardo-Villalobos-808-The-Bassqueen","youtube":{"id":"rGOlKNvB8Jw","channel":"Ricardo Villalobos - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"qzL9xn2fjDQ","channel":"Do Funkk","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Steve Bug","title":"Loverboy","year":1999,"label":"Poker Flat Recordings","catalogNumber":"PFR226","why":"A much-played minimal house track from a central label.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/15912746-Steve-Bug-Loverboy","youtube":{"id":"xWEH5KfWZ8g","channel":"Poker Flat Recordings","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"jv0wPNGVyYA","channel":"MastaTarin","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Herbert","title":"The Audience","year":2001,"label":"!K7 Records","catalogNumber":"!K7109EP","why":"A detailed, minimal house track that shows the softer side of the style.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/17109-Herbert-The-Audience","youtube":{"id":"q3G16ZC-UTA","channel":"!K7 Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"H1Noe-yJK00","channel":"Matthew Herbert","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"micro-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Minimal house developed from the quieter, detailed microhouse sound.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"minimal-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its stripped-back approach comes partly from minimal techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"deep-house","type":"influenced","note":"Warm bass and smooth chords are shared with deep house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Minimal house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"A guide to microhouse","author":null,"publisher":"Bandcamp Daily","year":null,"url":"https://daily.bandcamp.com/lists/microhouse-guide","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Ricardo Villalobos","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_Villalobos","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Minimal house and microhouse overlap heavily and are sometimes merged."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"nu-disco","name":"Nu-Disco","aliases":["Nu disco","Re-edit"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2002,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2007,"peakEnd":2013},"origins":[{"city":"Oslo","country":"Norway"},{"city":"New York City","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":100,"max":125,"typical":115},"summary":"A modern dance style that rebuilds the sound and feeling of 1970s and 1980s disco.","history":"Nu-disco appeared in the early 2000s as producers returned to disco and boogie records [s1]. Some made re-edits, which are longer versions of old tracks with the main parts repeated [s1]. Others wrote new music in the same style, using modern production [s1]. The Norwegian producer Lindstrøm released 'I Feel Space' in 2005, mixing spacey synths with a disco groove [s1]. In New York, the label DFA released Hercules & Love Affair's 'Blind' in 2008 [s1]. Tensnake's 'Coma Cat' (2010) became a club hit in Europe [s1]. The style is often slow and warm, with live-sounding bass and clear, simple drums [s2]. It connects the original disco era to modern club music and helped bring disco sounds back to the dance floor [s1]. The style was popular in both clubs and at home, and many compilations collected the most popular tracks [s1]. It also shaped later house and pop records that used disco sounds [s2].","sound":["Warm, live-sounding bass guitar or synth bass","Clear, unhurried drum grooves","Spacey or cosmic synthesizer sounds","Handclaps and disco-style percussion","A slow-to-mid tempo, often near 115 BPM"],"figures":[{"name":"Lindstrøm","role":"Norwegian producer and a key nu-disco artist","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Hercules & Love Affair","role":"New York group behind 'Blind'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Tensnake","role":"German producer of 'Coma Cat'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Todd Terje","role":"Norwegian producer and remixer","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Feedelity","city":"Oslo","founded":2002,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"DFA Records","city":"New York City","founded":2001,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Permanent Vacation","city":"Munich","founded":2004,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Lindstrøm","title":"I Feel Space","year":2005,"label":"Feedelity","catalogNumber":"FEED 004","why":"A founding nu-disco record and one of the style's best-known tracks.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/461099-Lindstr%C3%B8m-I-Feel-Space","youtube":{"id":"4mP20PGdrf0","channel":"Lindstrom Official","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"YfcV-bSeQE8","channel":"Wax Digger Reviews","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Hercules & Love Affair","title":"Blind","year":2008,"label":"DFA Records","catalogNumber":"DFAEMIDJ 2192CD","why":"A modern disco record that brought nu-disco to a wider audience.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1258970-Hercules-And-Love-Affair-Blind","youtube":{"id":"nnb0a-8OIB4","channel":"cvdvanspeyck","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"2RsfGJsax9E","channel":"Emilienn84","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Tensnake","title":"Coma Cat","year":2010,"label":"Permanent Vacation","catalogNumber":"none","why":"A European club hit often named as a nu-disco anthem.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2140352-Tensnake-Coma-Cat","youtube":{"id":"S-hOV2GdGYM","channel":"Defected Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"uZSO6qQqpqc","channel":"Defected Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"disco","type":"revival_of","note":"Nu-disco directly brought back the sound of 1970s disco.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"funk-boogie","type":"influenced","note":"Boogie and early-1980s funk sounds are a large part of the style.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"italo-disco","type":"influenced","note":"Cosmic synthesizer sounds come from Italo disco.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Nu-disco","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nu-disco","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Last Night a DJ Saved My Life: The History of the Disc Jockey","author":"Bill Brewster and Frank Broughton","publisher":"Grove Press","year":1999,"url":null,"type":"book","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":["https://learningtodj.com/blog/a-brief-introduction-to-nu-disco-and-disco-house/"],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Nu-disco overlaps with disco house and re-edit culture; the boundaries are loose."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"organic-house","name":"Organic House","aliases":["Organic deep house"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":true,"era":{"start":2013,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2016,"peakEnd":2024},"origins":[{"city":"New York City","country":"United States"},{"city":"Ibiza","country":"Spain"}],"bpm":{"min":110,"max":122,"typical":118},"summary":"A slow, soft house style with natural sounds, live instruments and a warm, dreamy mood.","history":"Organic house is a name used from about 2013 for slow, soft dance music [s1]. It mixes deep house with natural and live sounds, such as hand drums, flutes and field recordings [s1]. The mood is calm and warm, and the tracks often feel like they are played outdoors at sunset [s2]. The label and party All Day I Dream, run by the British DJ Lee Burridge, helped define the sound [s2]. Bedouin's 'Straight to the Heart' and Lee Burridge and Lost Desert's 'Lingala' are well-known examples [s2]. Sébastien Léger's 'Lanarka' is another [s2]. The name organic house was mostly used by DJs, labels and download stores rather than by a single scene [s1]. It remains popular at outdoor parties and festivals [s2]. The music is often played at outdoor parties, beach clubs and festivals. Many of the records are released on labels linked to those parties, such as All Day I Dream and Anjunadeep [s1].","sound":["A slow, gentle four-to-the-floor beat","Natural percussion and hand drums","Flutes, strings or field recordings","Warm, dreamy chords","An outdoor, sunset mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Lee Burridge","role":"British DJ and founder of All Day I Dream","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Bedouin","role":"American duo behind 'Straight to the Heart'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Sébastien Léger","role":"French producer of 'Lanarka'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Lost Desert","role":"Producer and Lee Burridge's studio partner","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"All Day I Dream","city":"New York City","founded":2011,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Anjunadeep","city":"London","founded":2005,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Bedouin","title":"Straight to the Heart","year":2015,"label":"All Day I Dream","catalogNumber":"ADID021","why":"A track widely named as an organic house anthem.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/10893283-Bedouin-Straight-To-The-Heart","youtube":{"id":"Hz1AVjMPltI","channel":"AllDayIDreamOfYou","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"MU0dRjHPHmI","channel":"Above Board Info","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Lee Burridge & Lost Desert","title":"Lingala","year":2016,"label":"All Day I Dream","catalogNumber":"ADID013","why":"A defining organic house record from the label's founder.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/10063709-Lee-Burridge-Lost-Desert-2-Feat-Junior-Lingala","youtube":{"id":"9n1-6anK0sY","channel":"Lee Burridge - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"p_o4t2FXUgE","channel":"Lord Of Chill","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Sébastien Léger","title":"Lanarka","year":2017,"label":"All Day I Dream","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A later organic house track often played in sunset sets.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/13254847-S%C3%A9bastien-L%C3%A9ger-Lanarka-Sablier-Ice-Palace","youtube":{"id":"-2qWVnT5Jok","channel":"Guy J","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"6t5HPIao4pc","channel":"Magdalena Ka","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"deep-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Organic house is a soft, slow form of deep house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"balearic","type":"influenced","note":"Its sunset mood and mixed, open style come from Balearic.","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"id":"afro-house","type":"influenced","note":"African percussion and spiritual chords are part of the sound.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Organic house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Label of the month: All Day I Dream","author":null,"publisher":"Beatportal","year":null,"url":"https://www.beatportal.com/articles/240205-label-of-the-month-all-day-i-dream","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":["https://learningtodj.com/blog/a-short-introduction-to-organic-house-playa-tech-and-the-sound-of-burning-man/"],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Organic house is mainly a label and store category; the term is not used by all the artists."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"pop-deep-house","name":"Pop Deep House","aliases":["UK deep house wave","Chart deep house"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":true,"era":{"start":2012,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2013,"peakEnd":2016},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":118,"max":124,"typical":122},"summary":"A British chart sound from the mid-2010s that put deep house beats under pop songs.","history":"Pop deep house is a name used for the wave of British chart hits from about 2013 to 2016 [s1]. These records used the warm bass and soft chords of deep house but added full pop singing and a verse-chorus song shape [s1]. The style grew out of the British bass and garage scene and was played on radio as well as in clubs [s2]. Disclosure's 'Latch' (2012), sung by Sam Smith, was an early hit that pointed the way [s1]. Duke Dumont's 'Need U (100%)' (2013) went to number one in Britain [s1]. Gorgon City and Route 94 also had hits in the same style [s2]. The sound was popular for a few years and then faded from the charts [s2]. It is usually seen as a chart and radio category rather than a scene with its own clubs [s1]. The sound was played on daytime radio and in shops as well as in clubs, which helped it reach a very large audience [s2].","sound":["Deep house bass and soft chords","Full pop vocals and a clear chorus","A steady, danceable beat","Radio-friendly, clean production","A warm but polished sound"],"figures":[{"name":"Disclosure","role":"British duo behind 'Latch'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Duke Dumont","role":"British producer of 'Need U (100%)'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Gorgon City","role":"British duo with several chart hits","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Route 94","role":"British producer of 'My Love'","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"PMR","city":"London","founded":2007,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Blasé Boys Club","city":"London","founded":2012,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Rinse","city":"London","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Disclosure feat. Sam Smith","title":"Latch","year":2012,"label":"PMR","catalogNumber":"PMR023","why":"An early record that started the British chart deep house wave.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/4139141-Disclosure-3-Feat-Sam-Smith-Latch","youtube":{"id":"93ASUImTedo","channel":"DisclosureVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"Duke Dumont feat. A*M*E","title":"Need U (100%)","year":2013,"label":"Blasé Boys Club","catalogNumber":"BBC01","why":"A number-one British hit that defined the style.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/4202739","youtube":{"id":"CgTB1ay_nnA","channel":"Duke Dumont","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"_B-DscDxsmw","channel":"Spinnin' Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Route 94 feat. Jess Glynne","title":"My Love","year":2014,"label":"Rinse","catalogNumber":"0602537823734","why":"A chart hit that shows the style's pop side.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/5585221-Route-94-Feat-Jess-Glynne-My-Love","youtube":{"id":"BS46C2z5lVE","channel":"Route94VEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"tb9netvSOrc","channel":"Route 94","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"deep-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"The sound is built on deep house chords and bass.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"uk-garage","type":"influenced","note":"Its rhythm and swing come from UK garage and bass music.","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"id":"french-house","type":"influenced","note":"Warm filtered chords connect it to French house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Deep house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Gorgon City and Duke Dumont: new faces of UK pop","author":null,"publisher":"The Guardian","year":2014,"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/jun/14/gorgon-city-duke-dumont-new-faces-uk-pop","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Pop deep house is a press and chart label; the artists did not use the name."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"progressive-house","name":"Progressive House","aliases":["Prog house"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1990,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1993,"peakEnd":1998},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":122,"max":132,"typical":127},"summary":"A long, building British house style with layered melodies and a trance-like feel.","history":"Progressive house appeared in Britain in the early 1990s [s1]. It grew out of house and the calmer side of techno, and DJs such as Sasha and John Digweed made it popular [s1]. The word progressive described the way tracks changed slowly, adding and removing layers over several minutes [s1]. Early examples include Leftfield's 'Not Forgotten' (1990) and Jaydee's 'Plastic Dreams' (1992) [s1]. Underworld's 'Rez' (1993) showed how melodic and hypnotic the style could be [s1]. The sound spread to Europe and the United States through clubs and mix compilations [s2]. By the late 1990s it had become a large commercial scene, and the name was later reused for a more song-like festival style [s2]. Progressive house is still played, though the word now covers several different sounds [s2]. The style was also popular in the United States and Australia, and it filled large clubs in the late 1990s. Many DJs released mix compilations that sold in large numbers [s1].","sound":["Long tracks that build slowly","Layered, echoing melodies","A steady four-to-the-floor beat","Deep, rolling basslines","A calm, hypnotic and spacious feel"],"figures":[{"name":"Sasha","role":"British DJ central to the style","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"John Digweed","role":"British DJ and Sasha's long-time partner","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Leftfield","role":"British duo behind 'Not Forgotten'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Underworld","role":"British group behind 'Rez' and 'Born Slippy'","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"R&S Records","city":"Ghent","founded":1984,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Junior Boy's Own","city":"London","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Leftfield","title":"Not Forgotten","year":1990,"label":"Outer Rhythm","catalogNumber":"FOOT 3","why":"An early record that helped define the progressive house sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2571461-Leftfield-Not-Forgotten","youtube":{"id":"Pwvxtg1_zAs","channel":"Backintday","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"hMY9UI77oXY","channel":"oxfordfreeparty1991","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Jaydee","title":"Plastic Dreams","year":1992,"label":"R&S Records","catalogNumber":"RSPLASTIC DREAMS","why":"A huge progressive house record built on a long organ riff.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/24984454-Jaydee-Plastic-Dreams-","youtube":{"id":"WtAJGKxqzuc","channel":"Jaydee - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"XIn_V0M0Te4","channel":"TheAnimator99","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Underworld","title":"Rez","year":1993,"label":"Junior Boy's Own","catalogNumber":"JBO 1001","why":"A track often named as one of the best examples of progressive house.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3375734-Underworld-Rez-Cowgirl","youtube":{"id":"F6Y7lcvubhU","channel":"Underworld","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"hu8n2tMJJyY","channel":"Underworld","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"chicago-house","type":"influenced","note":"The house beat and structure came from Chicago records.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"balearic","type":"influenced","note":"The long, open-minded DJ sets of Balearic shaped the progressive approach.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"detroit-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Calm, melodic Detroit techno gave progressive house its hypnotic side.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Progressive house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"How to talk to your kids about progressive house","author":null,"publisher":"Insomniac","year":null,"url":"https://www.insomniac.com/magazine/how-to-talk-to-your-kids-about-progressive-house/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":["https://learningtodj.com/blog/10-melodic-house-tracks-that-shaped-the-genre/"],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["The name progressive house now describes a very different festival sound from the 1990s records."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"rominimal","name":"Rominimal","aliases":["Romanian minimal","Romanian minimal house"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2005,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2008,"peakEnd":2016},"origins":[{"city":"Bucharest","country":"Romania"}],"bpm":{"min":118,"max":126,"typical":122},"summary":"A Romanian take on minimal house, with long, rolling grooves and small, strange sounds.","history":"Rominimal is the Romanian form of minimal house [s1]. It grew in Bucharest in the mid-2000s around a group of DJs and producers: Raresh, Rhadoo and Petre Inspirescu [s1]. Together they formed the collective and label [a:rpia:r] [s1]. The music is made for long DJ sets and often lasts eight minutes or more [s2]. It uses a soft, steady beat, a rolling bassline and small, odd sounds that appear and disappear [s1]. The style became known outside Romania through clubs, festivals and after-parties [s1]. Rhadoo's 'Slagare' (2006) and Petre Inspirescu's 'Delir' records are often named as important examples [s1]. By the 2010s rominimal had a large international following, and Romanian DJs played at major festivals [s2]. It is still a common sound in European after-hours clubs [s1]. The style is often played at open-air parties and festivals in Romania, such as Sunwaves. Many records are released in small amounts and are hard to find [s1].","sound":["Long tracks built for extended DJ sets","A soft, steady four-to-the-floor beat","A rolling, low bassline","Small, strange sounds and samples","Very smooth, patient changes"],"figures":[{"name":"Raresh","role":"Romanian DJ and co-founder of [a:rpia:r]","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Rhadoo","role":"Romanian DJ and producer","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Petre Inspirescu","role":"Romanian producer and co-founder of [a:rpia:r]","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Cristi Cons","role":"Romanian producer in the rominimal scene","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"[a:rpia:r]","city":"Bucharest","founded":2007,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Cadenza","city":"Geneva","founded":2003,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Nervmusic","city":"Bucharest","founded":2009,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Rhadoo","title":"Slagare","year":2006,"label":"Cadenza","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early rominimal record often named as an important example of the sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Rhadoo+Slagare&type=release","youtube":{"id":"QYtt8upZQrg","channel":"Rhadoo - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"YdRr018B6sQ","channel":"Verzila","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Petre Inspirescu","title":"Delir 2","year":2008,"label":"[a:rpia:r]","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A rominimal track from one of the scene's founding producers.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Petre+Inspirescu+Delir&type=release","youtube":{"id":"B0sIcP_gOYw","channel":"Watch The Hype","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"Rhadoo","title":"Mount Ararat","year":2011,"label":"Nervmusic","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A widely played rominimal record that shows the patient, rolling style.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Rhadoo+Mount+Ararat&type=release","youtube":{"id":"cewRp0CoTkQ","channel":"playedby","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"minimal-house","type":"regional_variant","note":"Rominimal is the Romanian version of minimal house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"minimal-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its stripped-back, patient feel comes from minimal techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Romania, exquisitely elusive","author":null,"publisher":"XLR8R","year":null,"url":"https://xlr8r.com/features/romania-exquisitely-elusive/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"A quick, dirty history of rominimal","author":null,"publisher":"Berly's Braindance","year":null,"url":"https://berlysbraindance.substack.com/p/a-quick-dirty-history-of-rominimal","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Exact first release years for some rominimal tracks are hard to confirm; 'Delir 2' and 'Mount Ararat' years are approximate."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"soulful-house","name":"Soulful House","aliases":["Vocal House"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1991,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1995,"peakEnd":2005},"origins":[{"city":"New York","country":"United States"},{"city":"Newark","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":122,"max":127,"typical":124},"summary":"House music built around soul and gospel vocals, live instruments and warm keyboards.","history":"Soulful house is a form of house music with smooth, soulful vocals [s1]. It takes influence from soul, jazz and funk [s1]. The tempo is usually slower than other house styles, at about 122 to 127 beats per minute [s1]. Keyboards give the music a deep, warm sound [s1]. Producers often work with live singers and musicians [s1]. Tracks can include piano, guitar, bass guitar and double bass [s1]. Jazz wind instruments such as the saxophone or trumpet are also common [s1]. The style grew from the New York and New Jersey house scene of the early 1990s [s1]. It is close to garage house, which also focuses on strong vocals [s1]. Soulful house is broader and later, and it often uses live instruments [s1]. Barbara Tucker, Ultra Nate and Blaze made well-known records [s2]. The music is still popular in clubs, restaurants and at fashion shows [s1]. It is also played in chillout rooms as well as on dance floors [s1].","sound":["Soulful or gospel-style vocals","Warm piano and keyboard chords","Live bass, guitar and horns","A relaxed, smooth mood","A tempo around 124 beats per minute"],"figures":[{"name":"Barbara Tucker","role":"Singer behind a soulful house anthem","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Ultra Nate","role":"American singer and songwriter in the style","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Blaze","role":"New Jersey production team central to soulful house","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Frankie Knuckles","role":"Chicago DJ whose later work shaped soulful house","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Strictly Rhythm","city":"New York","founded":1989,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"King Street Sounds","city":"New York","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Nervous Records","city":"New York","founded":1991,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Barbara Tucker","title":"Beautiful People","year":1994,"label":"Strictly Rhythm","catalogNumber":"SRB016","why":"A soulful house anthem with a gospel-style vocal.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/16049137-Barbara-Tucker-Beautiful-People","youtube":{"id":"cAicP_hZzXs","channel":"Strictly Rhythm","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"N5GsLXpqfWk","channel":"Barbara Tucker - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Ultra Nate","title":"Free","year":1997,"label":"Strictly Rhythm","catalogNumber":"none","why":"A soulful house record that became an international hit.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/11667894-Ultra-Nat%C3%A9-Free","youtube":{"id":"JgRBkjgXHro","channel":"Strictly Rhythm","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"duITNxaVfaM","channel":"Ultra Naté - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Blaze feat. Barbara Tucker","title":"Most Precious Love","year":2004,"label":"King Street Sounds","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A later soulful house anthem from a central production team.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/356666-Blaze-Presents-Underground-Dance-Artists-United-For-Life-Feat-Barbara-Tucker-Most-Precious-Love-Denn","youtube":{"id":"GnbKt7GWRKE","channel":"Armada Music TV","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"iuuw2RYMFTI","channel":"TheJackyourbody","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"garage-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Soulful house grew from the vocal New York garage house sound.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"deep-house","type":"fusion_of","note":"It mixes deep house grooves with soul and gospel singing.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"chicago-house","type":"influenced","note":"It keeps the classic Chicago house beat.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Styles of house music","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styles_of_house_music","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Tribal House","author":null,"publisher":"Melodigging","year":null,"url":"https://www.melodigging.com/genre/tribal-house","type":"database","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":["https://learningtodj.com/blog/a-short-history-of-defected-records/"],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Soulful house and garage house overlap strongly. The difference given here is that soulful house is the broader, later, live-instrument style, but some writers use the two names interchangeably."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"tech-house","name":"Tech House","aliases":["Techhouse"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1994,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2003,"peakEnd":2020},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":122,"max":130,"typical":126},"summary":"A club style that mixes the groove of house with the sounds and structure of techno.","history":"Tech house joined house and techno in the mid-1990s [s1]. It keeps the warm, rolling groove of house but adds the crisp drum sounds and simple, machine-like feel of techno [s1]. The style grew in London clubs and was played by DJs such as Terry Francis and Eddie Richards [s1]. By the early 2000s it had a clear identity, helped by labels such as Get Physical [s2]. M.A.N.D.Y. and Booka Shade's 'Body Language' (2005) was a worldwide club hit [s2]. Layo & Bushwacka's 'Love Story' (2002) was another record that many people knew, even if they did not know the genre name [s3]. Tech house later became one of the most-played club styles, with a large following in Ibiza and at festivals [s2]. Some critics say the name became too broad and was used for many different kinds of house [s2]. The style is now played at clubs and festivals around the world [s1].","sound":["A steady, rolling four-to-the-floor beat","Crisp, clean techno-style drums","A deep, simple bassline","Short vocal or instrument samples","A serious, club-focused mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Terry Francis","role":"London DJ linked to early tech house","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Eddie Richards","role":"London DJ and early tech house figure","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Booka Shade","role":"German duo behind 'Body Language' and 'Mandarine Girl'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Layo & Bushwacka!","role":"London duo behind 'Love Story'","sourceRefs":["s3"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Get Physical Music","city":"Berlin","founded":2002,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Poker Flat Recordings","city":"Berlin","founded":1998,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"XL Recordings","city":"London","founded":1989,"sourceRefs":["s3"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Layo & Bushwacka!","title":"Love Story","year":2000,"label":"XL Recordings","catalogNumber":"XLR144","why":"A widely played record that helped define the tech house sound.","evidence":["s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/41152-Layo-Bushwacka-Love-Story","youtube":{"id":"WLyPKa61ACo","channel":"Layo - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"F4F2smRMZ94","channel":"Layo - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"M.A.N.D.Y. vs Booka Shade","title":"Body Language","year":2005,"label":"Get Physical Music","catalogNumber":"GPM 027","why":"A global club hit and one of the best-known tech house records.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2336176-MANDY-vs-Booka-Shade-Body-Language-","youtube":{"id":"VaQXQdh3698","channel":"Get Physical Music","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"2D4e8rTp-4I","channel":"Get Physical Music","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Booka Shade","title":"Mandarine Girl","year":2005,"label":"Get Physical Music","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A track that shows the melodic, club-ready side of tech house.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/15142881-Booka-Shade-Mandarine-Girl-Eats-Twisted-Remake","youtube":{"id":"3pGHdbyf-Eo","channel":"maexndermeister","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"fMWvhJf96x8","channel":"Booka Shade","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"chicago-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Tech house keeps the groove and warmth of house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"detroit-techno","type":"fusion_of","note":"Its clean machine sounds and structure come from techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"deep-house","type":"influenced","note":"Deep, rolling basslines are shared with deep house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Tech house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tech_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Beatport's definitive history of tech house","author":null,"publisher":"Beatportal","year":null,"url":"https://www.beatportal.com/articles/60692-beatports-definitive-history-of-tech-house","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"The tech house story","author":null,"publisher":"Roland Articles","year":null,"url":"https://articles.roland.com/the-tech-house-story/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["The name tech house is now very broad and is applied to many different records."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"tribal-house","name":"Tribal House","aliases":[],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1989,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1993,"peakEnd":1999},"origins":[{"city":"New York","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":120,"max":130,"typical":125},"summary":"Percussion-heavy house music built on layered drums from Africa and Latin America.","history":"Tribal house is a form of house music that uses rhythms from world music [s1]. It is known for layers of hand drums, such as congas and bongos [s1][s2]. By the late 1980s, house producers were mixing the four-to-the-floor beat with polyrhythms [s1]. Tribal house became popular through labels such as Tribal America and Strictly Rhythm [s1]. The music was played at large New York clubs such as the Sound Factory and Roxy [s1]. Danny Tenaglia, Junior Vasquez, Deep Dish and Murk made records in the style [s1]. It usually has no main melody [s1]. Instead, it relies on complex drum patterns [s1]. Some tracks use chanting or ululation as vocals [s1]. In the early 2000s the sound became very hard and repetitive, and people called it 'pots and pans' [s1]. Later it became smoother and used more vocals [s1]. Tribal house is still common at large dance events [s1].","sound":["Layered hand drums and percussion","A steady four-to-the-floor kick","Few or no main melodies","Chants and ululation as vocals","A dark or uplifting mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Danny Tenaglia","role":"New York DJ and producer of tribal house","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Junior Vasquez","role":"New York DJ linked to the tribal sound","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Murk","role":"Miami production team with tribal house records","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"River Ocean","role":"Project of Masters at Work behind a tribal classic","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Strictly Rhythm","city":"New York","founded":1989,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Tribal America","city":"New York","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Nervous Records","city":"New York","founded":1991,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"River Ocean feat. India","title":"Love & Happiness (Yemaya Y Ochun)","year":1994,"label":"Strictly Rhythm","catalogNumber":"SR12636CDX","why":"A percussive house record often named as a tribal house classic.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1037763-River-Ocean-Feat-India-Love-Happiness-Yemaya-Y-Och%C3%B9n-MAW-2007-Mixes","youtube":{"id":"gtgEWiWEk7w","channel":"Strictly Rhythm","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"kGbhgIJHQMM","channel":"House Grooves","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Danny Tenaglia","title":"Music Is the Answer","year":1998,"label":"Twisted Records","catalogNumber":"TWDM-55443","why":"A long tribal house record from a leading New York DJ.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/183608-Danny-Tenaglia-Celeda-Music-Is-The-Answer-Dancin-And-Prancin","youtube":{"id":"aqY9JFUwAeQ","channel":"Danny Tenaglia - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"621XrVMO5b8","channel":"Celeda - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"The Boss","title":"Congo","year":1994,"label":"Strictly Rhythm","catalogNumber":"405053 8286069","why":"An early Strictly Rhythm tribal house record built on drums.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/12174564-The-Boss-Congo","youtube":{"id":"PLZbwkNJ4oQ","channel":"Strictly Rhythm","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"chicago-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Tribal house grew from house music with added world rhythms.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"garage-house","type":"influenced","note":"It shares the New York club feel of garage house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Tribal house","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribal_house","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Tribal House","author":null,"publisher":"Melodigging","year":null,"url":"https://www.melodigging.com/genre/tribal-house","type":"database","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":["https://learningtodj.com/blog/a-short-history-of-strictly-rhythm/"],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Tribal house has no fixed definition; tracks are often classed as tribal because of their live, drum-heavy sound."],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"uk-garage","name":"UK Garage","aliases":["UKG","Speed garage","2-step"],"family":"house","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1994,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1998,"peakEnd":2002},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":126,"max":138,"typical":132},"summary":"A fast, chopped British style that mixes house, soul and jungle rhythms.","history":"UK garage grew in London in the mid-1990s [s1]. DJs took American garage house and sped it up, adding the fast breakbeats of jungle [s1]. Two main styles appeared. Speed garage had heavy bass and sped-up vocals. 2-step shuffled the drum beat and left gaps for the bass [s1]. By 1998 garage had become a big British pop sound [s1]. MJ Cole's 'Sincere' (1998) showed how musical and smooth the style could be [s1]. Artful Dodger's 'Re-Rewind' (1999), sung by Craig David, was a large chart hit [s1]. So Solid Crew and Sweet Female Attitude also had hits with the same sound [s2]. The style had a strong influence on British pop and on later styles such as grime and dubstep [s1]. It also kept a close link with the underground, where DJs and producers released white-label records for clubs [s2]. Later British styles such as grime and dubstep grew partly from the same scene [s1].","sound":["Fast tempo, faster than most house","A shuffled 2-step drum pattern with gaps","Heavy, low basslines","Pitch-shifted or sped-up soulful vocals","Sharp, syncopated drum hits"],"figures":[{"name":"MJ Cole","role":"Producer and key 2-step artist","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Artful Dodger","role":"Production duo behind 'Re-Rewind'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Craig David","role":"Singer on 'Re-Rewind' and 'Fill Me In'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"So Solid Crew","role":"South London garage collective","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Talkin' Loud","city":"London","founded":1990,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Public Demand","city":"London","founded":1998,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"MJ Cole","title":"Sincere","year":1998,"label":"Talkin' Loud","catalogNumber":"TLMC60","why":"A polished 2-step record often named as a UK garage classic.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/14488519-MJ-Cole-Sincere","youtube":{"id":"4tg4ZzmsEQ4","channel":"Selectah!","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"Adr-h-hCn9I","channel":"MVSEUM","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Artful Dodger feat. 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MJ Cole and UKG's second wave","author":null,"publisher":"Line Noise","year":null,"url":"https://linenoise.substack.com/p/who-killed-2-step-mj-cole-and-ukgs","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#f5a623"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"ambient","name":"Ambient","aliases":["Ambient music"],"family":"roots","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1975,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1978,"peakEnd":1995},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":60,"max":100,"typical":80},"summary":"Calm, quiet electronic music made to change the mood of a room rather than to be the focus.","history":"Ambient music was named and developed by the British musician Brian Eno in the middle of the 1970s [s1]. Eno's album 'Ambient 1: Music for Airports' (1978) opened with the track '1/1', a slow piece of piano and tape loops [s1]. Eno described ambient music as music that can be listened to closely or ignored, and that makes a space feel different [s1]. He made a second ambient album with the pianist Harold Budd, 'The Plateaux of Mirror' (1980) [s1]. In the late 1980s, The Orb mixed ambient with dance beats and samples [s2]. Ambient went on to shape ambient techno, ambient house and much later styles such as drone music [s1]. It is still used in art galleries, films, games and for quiet listening [s2]. Some of the records were made for specific places, such as airports, galleries and hospitals [s1]. The style is often played quietly as background music [s2].","sound":["Very slow or no rhythm","Long, soft synthesizer or piano sounds","Tape loops and echoing textures","Quiet, spacious production","A calm, reflective mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Brian Eno","role":"Musician who named and shaped ambient music","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Harold Budd","role":"Pianist and Eno's collaborator","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"The Orb","role":"British group that mixed ambient with dance music","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Aphex Twin","role":"Producer who made ambient electronic music","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"EG Records","city":"London","founded":1973,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Big Life Records","city":"London","founded":1987,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Warp Records","city":"Sheffield","founded":1989,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Brian Eno","title":"1/1","year":1978,"label":"EG Records","catalogNumber":"EGSC-201","why":"The opening track of Music for Airports, the record that defined ambient music.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/998269-Brian-Eno-Ambient-1-Music-For-Airports","youtube":{"id":"LKZ3fGR2SDY","channel":"Brian Eno - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"n7BMH6wJgus","channel":"Avalon Halt","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Brian Eno & Harold Budd","title":"The Plateaux of Mirror","year":1980,"label":"EG Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A key early ambient record built on soft piano and electronics.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/10132072-Harold-Budd-Brian-Eno-The-Plateaux-Of-Mirror","youtube":{"id":"mwJTwG5r5Ks","channel":"Harold Budd - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"IB5bgCqiTiQ","channel":"Thomas SF","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"The Orb","title":"A Huge Ever Growing Pulsating Brain That Rules from the Centre of the Ultraworld","year":1989,"label":"Big Life Records","catalogNumber":"BLR 27T","why":"A later ambient record that connected the style to dance music.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/93583","youtube":{"id":"ZeWh_KsSwkw","channel":"ohral_tv","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"0nL1-jnCkfw","channel":"WHATISREAL?","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"early-electronic","type":"influenced","note":"Ambient uses the electronic instruments and studio ideas of early electronic music.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"krautrock","type":"influenced","note":"German groups' long, calm electronic pieces shaped ambient.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Ambient music","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambient_music","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Brian Eno profile","author":null,"publisher":"The Long Now Foundation","year":null,"url":"https://longnow.org/ideas/brian-eno-profile/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["Ambient existed in different forms before Eno named it; the entry starts with the style he defined."],"color":"#8d8d96"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"disco","name":"Disco","aliases":["Disco music"],"family":"roots","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1974,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1975,"peakEnd":1979},"origins":[{"city":"New York City","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":110,"max":130,"typical":120},"summary":"A joyful 1970s dance music built on a steady beat, lush strings and soulful singing.","history":"Disco grew in American cities, especially New York, in the early 1970s [s1]. It came from soul, funk and Latin dance music, and it was first a club sound played by DJs [s1]. MFSB's 'Love Is the Message' (1973) and other Philadelphia records showed how rich and orchestral disco could be [s1]. In 1977 Donna Summer's 'I Feel Love' used an electronic bassline made by Giorgio Moroder, and its sound pointed towards house and techno [s2]. Chic's 'Le Freak' (1978) was one of the biggest disco hits of the era [s1]. Disco had its own clubs, dance styles and fashion, and it was played on the radio and at large discotheques [s2]. A strong public backlash against disco began in 1979, and the style lost popularity quickly [s1]. Even so, its beat and style shaped almost all later dance music [s2]. Disco also had a strong influence on fashion, dance and nightlife culture around the world [s1]. Many of its records were released as long 12-inch singles for DJs [s2].","sound":["A steady four-to-the-floor beat","Lush strings, horns and piano","Soulful or group singing","A lively, joyful mood","Long, extended 12-inch mixes"],"figures":[{"name":"Giorgio Moroder","role":"Italian producer who made electronic disco","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Nile Rodgers","role":"Chic guitarist and producer","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Bernard Edwards","role":"Chic bassist and producer","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Tom Moulton","role":"Producer who helped create the 12-inch mix","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Philadelphia International","city":"Philadelphia","founded":1971,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Casablanca Records","city":"Los Angeles","founded":1973,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Salsoul Records","city":"New York City","founded":1974,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"MFSB feat. The Three Degrees","title":"Love Is the Message","year":1973,"label":"Philadelphia International Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early orchestral disco record often named as a founding track.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/21697693-MFSB-Feat-The-Three-Degrees-The-OJays-Love-Is-The-Message-Message-In-Our-Music-Mike-Maurro-Remixes","youtube":{"id":"M3wpG6Rw-tE","channel":"MFSBVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"AbsZC257JP8","channel":"Solar Radio","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Donna Summer","title":"I Feel Love","year":1977,"label":"Casablanca Records","catalogNumber":"FEEL 12 DJ","why":"The electronic disco record that pointed towards house and techno.","evidence":["s1","s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1208494-Donna-Summer-I-Feel-Love","youtube":{"id":"yEbaeLv-aOo","channel":"DonnaSummerVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"B2qI6UDD2uQ","channel":"georgie gogo","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Chic","title":"Le Freak","year":1978,"label":"Atlantic Records","catalogNumber":"45 3519","why":"One of the biggest disco hits and an important record for the sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/7811761-Chic-Le-Freak","youtube":{"id":"aXgSHL7efKg","channel":"RHINO","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"E-TZtrJjW54","channel":"funkyswede62","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Disco","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disco","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"The dazzling, daring history of disco","author":null,"publisher":"PBS","year":null,"url":"https://www.pbs.org/articles/the-dazzling-daring-history-of-disco","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":["https://learningtodj.com/blog/10-disco-tracks-that-inspired-a-generation/"],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["Disco is usually dated from the early 1970s, but its exact starting point is debated."],"color":"#8d8d96"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"dub","name":"Dub","aliases":["Dub music","Dub reggae"],"family":"roots","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1972,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1975,"peakEnd":1980},"origins":[{"city":"Kingston","country":"Jamaica"}],"bpm":{"min":60,"max":90,"typical":75},"summary":"A Jamaican remix style that removes vocals and adds deep bass, echo and reverb.","history":"Dub began in Jamaica in the early 1970s [s1]. Producers took existing reggae songs, removed the singing, and made a new version with heavy bass and echo [s1]. King Tubby, a sound engineer, is usually named as the inventor of the style [s1]. Lee 'Scratch' Perry produced the Upsetters' 'Blackboard Jungle Dub' (1973), an early dub album [s1]. Augustus Pablo's 'King Tubby Meets Rockers Uptown' (1976) is one of the widely known dub records [s1]. The style uses delay, which repeats a sound like an echo, and reverb, which makes a sound seem to be in a large room [s2]. Dub was played on Jamaican sound systems and became very influential in Britain [s2]. It shaped hip hop, house, techno and drum and bass [s1]. Dub versions were often released on the B-side of a reggae single [s1]. Producers in Britain, such as Adrian Sherwood, made their own dub records [s2].","sound":["Deep, heavy bass","Echo and delay effects","Large reverb and space","Drums and bass with parts removed","A slow, relaxed rhythm"],"figures":[{"name":"King Tubby","role":"Sound engineer who invented dub mixing","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Lee 'Scratch' Perry","role":"Producer and studio innovator","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Augustus Pablo","role":"Melodica player and producer","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Scientist","role":"Dub engineer in the 1980s","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Upsetter Records","city":"Kingston","founded":1968,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Island Records","city":"London","founded":1962,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Trojan Records","city":"London","founded":1968,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"The Upsetters","title":"Blackboard Jungle Dub","year":1973,"label":"Upsetter Records","catalogNumber":"LP 0115","why":"An early dub track and one of the style's founding records.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/757561-The-Upsetters-Blackboard-Jungle-Dub","youtube":{"id":"DWS9A-8kKXk","channel":"The Upsetters - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"RMgF3sUYnMo","channel":"Deep Roots","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Augustus Pablo","title":"King Tubby Meets Rockers Uptown","year":1976,"label":"Yard Music","catalogNumber":"none","why":"One of the best-known dub records.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/4466787-Augustus-Pablo-King-Tubbys-Meets-Rockers-Uptown","youtube":{"id":"pl3EB_g1gSQ","channel":"Augustus Pablo - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"oxAl3Jijs20","channel":"King Tubby - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"The Upsetters","title":"Super Ape","year":1976,"label":"Island Records","catalogNumber":"ILPS 9417","why":"A dub album track that shows Lee Perry's studio style.","evidence":["s1","s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/5857564-The-Upsetters-Super-Ape","youtube":{"id":"MTOomS0HfdA","channel":"The Upsetters - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"xKfF9t2stBo","channel":"holysaintchad","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Dub music","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dub_music","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"History of dub","author":null,"publisher":"Echo Beach","year":null,"url":"https://echobeach.de/dub_and_reggae/history-of-dub/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#8d8d96"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"early-electronic","name":"Early Electronic","aliases":["Electronic music pioneers","Krautrock and electronic pioneers"],"family":"roots","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1968,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1974,"peakEnd":1982},"origins":[{"city":"Düsseldorf","country":"Germany"},{"city":"Tokyo","country":"Japan"}],"bpm":{"min":100,"max":130,"typical":120},"summary":"The first musicians to make popular music with synthesizers and drum machines.","history":"Early electronic music is the work of the first artists who made pop and dance music with machines [s1]. Wendy Carlos's 'Switched-On Bach' (1968) showed that synthesizers could play music that many people enjoyed [s1]. The German group Kraftwerk used synthesizers, drum machines and vocoders to make songs about roads, trains and computers [s1]. Their album 'Trans-Europe Express' (1977) was named by later dance producers as a key influence [s1][s2]. Giorgio Moroder's 'From Here to Eternity' (1977) used electronic dance rhythms in a way that pointed towards house and techno [s1]. In Japan, Yellow Magic Orchestra mixed electronic sounds with pop melodies [s1]. These artists are the direct ancestors of almost all electronic dance music [s2]. The musicians often built or modified their own instruments and wrote new kinds of music for them [s1]. Their records were sold as pop music, not as academic experiments [s2]. Their influence can be heard in pop, hip hop and dance music today [s1].","sound":["Synthesizers and drum machines","Robotic or vocoder voices","Repetitive, machine-like rhythms","Simple, futuristic melodies","A clean, experimental production"],"figures":[{"name":"Kraftwerk","role":"German group central to electronic pop","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Giorgio Moroder","role":"Italian producer who made electronic dance music","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Yellow Magic Orchestra","role":"Japanese electronic group","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Wendy Carlos","role":"Composer and synthesizer pioneer","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Kling Klang","city":"Düsseldorf","founded":1970,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Oasis Records","city":"Munich","founded":1975,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Alfa Records","city":"Tokyo","founded":1969,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Kraftwerk","title":"Trans-Europe Express","year":1977,"label":"Kling Klang","catalogNumber":"KKM 5206","why":"A foundational electronic record named by many later dance producers.","evidence":["s1","s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/16079892-Kraftwerk-Trans-Europe-Express","youtube":{"id":"kv8_EZrNhpY","channel":"moniqueohashi","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"DWSceMtAjPw","channel":"Twilite2020","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Giorgio Moroder","title":"From Here to Eternity","year":1977,"label":"Oasis Records","catalogNumber":"OASMC 501","why":"An early electronic dance record that pointed towards house and techno.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/9263394-Giorgio-Moroder-From-Here-To-Eternity","youtube":{"id":"PfAu8vqAHxc","channel":"OasisRecords1975","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"qTFEyFEu1Fk","channel":"OasisRecords1975","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Yellow Magic Orchestra","title":"Computer Game (Theme from the Circus)","year":1978,"label":"Alfa Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A Japanese electronic pop record important to the style.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2541587-Yellow-Magic-Orchestra-Computer-Game-Theme-From-The-Circus","youtube":{"id":"i8EjK2TrM9c","channel":"ALFA MUSIC YouTube Channel","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"aVMzHIR5_zA","channel":"3Decades","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"krautrock","type":"influenced","note":"German experimental groups were central to early electronic music.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Kraftwerk","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraftwerk","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"The history of electronic music","author":null,"publisher":"Audio Network","year":null,"url":"https://blog.audionetwork.com/the-edit/music/the-history-of-electronic-music/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["This node groups several pioneers (Kraftwerk, Moroder, YMO) who worked in different countries and styles."],"color":"#8d8d96"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"ebm","name":"EBM","aliases":["Electronic body music","Industrial dance"],"family":"roots","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1981,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1984,"peakEnd":1990},"origins":[{"city":"Brussels","country":"Belgium"},{"city":"Düsseldorf","country":"Germany"}],"bpm":{"min":110,"max":140,"typical":125},"summary":"A hard electronic dance style with shouted vocals, heavy beats and a cold, serious mood.","history":"EBM stands for electronic body music and appeared at the start of the 1980s [s1]. It joined the harsh sounds of industrial music with the beat and energy of dance music [s1]. The German group DAF's 'Der Mussolini' (1981) was an early record with a strong, repetitive beat [s1]. Belgian group Front 242 named the style and made it popular in clubs [s1]. Nitzer Ebb's 'Join in the Chant' (1987) and Front 242's 'Headhunter' (1988) are defining tracks [s1]. The music uses shouted or spoken vocals, hard drum machines and simple, aggressive synthesizer lines [s2]. EBM was played in European clubs and influenced techno, industrial rock and Nine Inch Nails [s2]. It is still a popular style in the dark alternative club scene [s1]. EBM bands often used German and English words together in a hard, shouted style [s1]. The music was a big influence on the Belgian new beat scene [s2].","sound":["Hard, marching drum machine beats","Shouted or spoken vocals","Simple, aggressive synthesizer lines","A cold, serious mood","Loud, dry production"],"figures":[{"name":"Front 242","role":"Belgian group that named the style","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Nitzer Ebb","role":"British group behind 'Join in the Chant'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"DAF","role":"German duo behind 'Der Mussolini'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Die Krupps","role":"German group in the EBM scene","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Mute Records","city":"London","founded":1978,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Wax Trax! Records","city":"Chicago","founded":1980,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Red Rhino Records","city":"York","founded":1978,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"DAF","title":"Der Mussolini","year":1981,"label":"Virgin Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early EBM record built on a hard, repetitive beat.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/10467936-DAF-Der-Mussolini-Giorgio-Moroder-Denis-Naidanow-Remix","youtube":{"id":"I6FoXcV8WzI","channel":"Daf - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"TrSjdjec-I0","channel":"Sound & Vision","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Nitzer Ebb","title":"Join in the Chant","year":1987,"label":"Mute Records","catalogNumber":"12mute64","why":"A defining EBM record with a shouted vocal and hard beat.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/16302872-Nitzer-Ebb-Join-In-The-Chant","youtube":{"id":"AGHMS_zh0zM","channel":"A.M.V.","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"DxRpVSoVQvA","channel":"Good Vibrations","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Front 242","title":"Headhunter","year":1988,"label":"Wax Trax! Records","catalogNumber":"WAX 0537","why":"One of the best-known EBM tracks.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/174910-Front-242-Headhunter","youtube":{"id":"wXLyAzgX-ho","channel":"Front 242 - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"m1cRGVaJF7Y","channel":"[PIAS]","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"industrial","type":"evolved_from","note":"EBM grew from industrial music and added a dance beat.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"synth-pop","type":"influenced","note":"It shares electronic instruments and song shapes with synth-pop.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Electronic body music","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_body_music","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"EBM music","author":null,"publisher":"Hip Hop Electronic","year":null,"url":"https://www.hiphopelectronic.com/ebm-music","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["The name EBM was used by Front 242 and later applied to a wider group of groups and records."],"color":"#8d8d96"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"electro","name":"Electro","aliases":["Electro funk","Electro-boogie"],"family":"roots","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1982,"startApprox":false,"peakStart":1983,"peakEnd":1985},"origins":[{"city":"New York City","country":"United States"},{"city":"Detroit","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":105,"max":130,"typical":118},"summary":"A 1980s style that mixed funk with drum machines and futuristic electronic sounds.","history":"Electro appeared in 1982 with Afrika Bambaataa and the Soulsonic Force's 'Planet Rock' [s1]. The record used the melody of a Kraftwerk song. It also used the drum sound of a Roland TR-808, a drum machine with a deep bass drum [s1]. It was produced by Arthur Baker and became a huge hit in clubs and on the streets [s1]. In Detroit, Juan Atkins's group Cybotron released 'Clear' in 1983, mixing electro with a cold, futuristic feeling [s1]. Hashim's 'Al-Naafiysh (The Soul)' (1983) was another important record with a heavy drum machine sound [s1]. Electro was linked to hip hop, breakdancing and graffiti culture [s2]. Its drum machine sounds and robotic style shaped Detroit techno and later dance music [s1]. The style was danced to in a robotic way, and its sound shaped early hip hop records [s1]. The TR-808 drum machine used in these records became famous worldwide [s2].","sound":["The deep, booming Roland TR-808 drum sound","Robotic or vocoder voices","Futuristic synthesizer melodies","A funk-influenced but electronic groove","Science-fiction sound effects"],"figures":[{"name":"Afrika Bambaataa","role":"Artist behind 'Planet Rock'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Arthur Baker","role":"Producer of 'Planet Rock'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Juan Atkins","role":"Member of Cybotron and later a techno founder","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Hashim","role":"Producer behind 'Al-Naafiysh'","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Tommy Boy Records","city":"New York City","founded":1981,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Fantasy Records","city":"San Francisco","founded":1949,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Cutting Records","city":"New York City","founded":1982,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Afrika Bambaataa & The Soulsonic Force","title":"Planet Rock","year":1982,"label":"Tommy Boy Records","catalogNumber":"TBCD 823","why":"The record that began electro and named its style.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/202910-Afrika-Bambaataa-And-The-Soulsonic-Force-Planet-Rock","youtube":{"id":"9J3lwZjHenA","channel":"Tommy Boy","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"_rlUQsC8ECk","channel":"Tommy Boy","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Cybotron","title":"Clear","year":1983,"label":"Fantasy Records","catalogNumber":"D-216","why":"A Detroit electro record that pointed towards techno.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/21127900-Cybotron-Clear","youtube":{"id":"Unc8kDUzbU8","channel":"Cybotron - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"YT4qqZHN8no","channel":"ohral_tv","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Hashim","title":"Al-Naafiysh (The Soul)","year":1983,"label":"Cutting Records","catalogNumber":"CR-200","why":"An important electro record with a heavy drum machine sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/5175409-Hashim-Al-Naafiysh-The-Soul","youtube":{"id":"D5CXWtwL7Hk","channel":"Hashim - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"i46sF1PcqL8","channel":"FUNKNATION","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"funk-boogie","type":"evolved_from","note":"Electro grew from funk and boogie but used drum machines.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"early-electronic","type":"influenced","note":"Kraftwerk's electronic sound was a direct influence.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hip-hop-breaks","type":"influenced","note":"Electro shared its drum breaks and culture with hip hop.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Electro (music)","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro_(music)","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Afrika Bambaataa, hip hop and electro pioneer, dead at 68","author":null,"publisher":"WUTC","year":2026,"url":"https://www.wutc.org/2026-04-10/afrika-bambaataa-hip-hop-and-electro-pioneer-dead-at-68","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#8d8d96"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"euro-disco","name":"Euro-Disco","aliases":["Eurodisco","Euro disco"],"family":"roots","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1977,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1980,"peakEnd":1986},"origins":[{"city":"Munich","country":"Germany"}],"bpm":{"min":110,"max":130,"typical":120},"summary":"A European form of disco with catchy melodies, clean production and electronic instruments.","history":"Euro-disco is the European version of disco that became popular in the late 1970s [s1]. It was made in studios in Germany, France, Italy and the Netherlands, often by small teams of producers [s1]. The music is very melodic and clean, with simple English lyrics aimed at the international market [s1]. Baccara's 'Yes Sir, I Can Boogie' (1977) was an early European hit [s1]. Lipps Inc.'s 'Funkytown' (1980) was recorded in Germany and became a worldwide success [s1]. Modern Talking's 'You're My Heart, You're My Soul' (1984) showed how Euro-disco turned into the pop sound of the 1980s [s1]. The style influenced Eurodance, hi-NRG and Italo disco [s2]. It is still used for its bright, catchy party sound [s1]. The songs were often recorded in several languages for different countries [s1]. Some of the producers used the same studio musicians on many hits [s2]. Modern pop producers still copy its clean and catchy style [s1].","sound":["A clean, steady four-to-the-floor beat","Catchy, simple vocal melodies","Bright synthesizers and strings","Simple English lyrics","A polished, radio-friendly sound"],"figures":[{"name":"Giorgio Moroder","role":"Italian producer central to European disco","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Dieter Bohlen","role":"German producer behind Modern Talking","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Frank Farian","role":"German producer behind Boney M.","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Modern Talking","role":"German duo behind a major Euro-disco hit","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Hansa Records","city":"Berlin","founded":1965,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Casablanca Records","city":"Los Angeles","founded":1973,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"RCA Records","city":"New York City","founded":1901,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Baccara","title":"Yes Sir, I Can Boogie","year":1977,"label":"RCA Records","catalogNumber":"PB 5526","why":"An early Euro-disco hit that became famous across Europe.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/22190860","youtube":{"id":"32wDFCM7iSI","channel":"BaccaraVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"aFC03ixgzz0","channel":"The Disco Dance & Soul Channel","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Lipps Inc.","title":"Funkytown","year":1979,"label":"Casablanca Records","catalogNumber":"888 628-7","why":"A Euro-disco record made in Germany that became a worldwide hit.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2952598-Lipps-Inc-Funkytown","youtube":{"id":"Z6dqIYKIBSU","channel":"Lipps Inc.","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"n1W9fa_LITU","channel":"GoldenMusic","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Modern Talking","title":"You're My Heart, You're My Soul","year":1984,"label":"Hansa Records","catalogNumber":"RSS 123","why":"A later Euro-disco hit that shows the style's move into 1980s pop.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/10532367-Modern-Talking-Youre-My-Heart-Youre-My-Soul","youtube":{"id":"4kHl4FoK1Ys","channel":"Modern Talking Offiziell","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"4USMXubaAmc","channel":"Modern Talking Offiziell","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"disco","type":"evolved_from","note":"Euro-disco is the European branch of disco.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"synth-pop","type":"influenced","note":"Its clean electronic sound comes from synth-pop.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"early-electronic","type":"influenced","note":"Electronic instruments are central to its production.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Eurodisco","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurodisco","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Euro space disco","author":null,"publisher":"Hip Hop Electronic","year":null,"url":"https://www.hiphopelectronic.com/euro-space-disco","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":["https://learningtodj.com/blog/10-disco-tracks-that-inspired-a-generation/"],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Euro-disco overlaps with Italo disco and hi-NRG; the names are used differently by different writers."],"color":"#8d8d96"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"funk-boogie","name":"Funk and Boogie","aliases":["Boogie","Electro-funk","Post-disco"],"family":"roots","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1980,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1982,"peakEnd":1986},"origins":[{"city":"New York City","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":105,"max":125,"typical":115},"summary":"A smooth, electronic 1980s dance style that grew from funk and disco after disco's peak.","history":"Boogie, also called electro-funk, appeared around 1980 as disco changed [s1]. It kept the danceable groove of funk but replaced live bands with drum machines and synthesizers [s1]. The music is warm and smooth, with a strong slapping bass, bright chords and soulful singing [s1]. D-Train's 'You're the One for Me' (1981) and Patrice Rushen's 'Forget Me Nots' (1982) are well-known records [s1]. The System's 'You Are in My System' (1982) shows how electronic boogie could sound [s1]. New York and New Jersey producers such as Kashif made many records in this style [s2]. Boogie was important for early house music, and its drum machine sounds were reused in Chicago and New York [s2]. It remains popular with collectors and modern funk producers [s1]. The style was popular on Black radio in the United States and in clubs in Britain [s1]. Its electronic drum sounds were reused by early house producers [s2].","sound":["A warm, slapping synthesized bass","Drum machines with handclaps","Bright, jazzy keyboard chords","Soulful lead and backing vocals","A smooth, mid-tempo groove"],"figures":[{"name":"Kashif","role":"Producer and musician in the boogie scene","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"D-Train","role":"Group behind 'You're the One for Me'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Patrice Rushen","role":"Musician and singer behind 'Forget Me Nots'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"The System","role":"Duo of David Frank and Mic Murphy","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Prelude Records","city":"New York City","founded":1977,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Elektra Records","city":"New York City","founded":1950,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Mirage Records","city":"New York City","founded":1981,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"D-Train","title":"You're the One for Me","year":1981,"label":"Prelude Records","catalogNumber":"PRL 3002","why":"A defining boogie record and a club hit.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3343811-D-Train-Youre-The-One-For-Me","youtube":{"id":"QWmteg9guoo","channel":"UnidiscMusic","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"aXhgjFSfODY","channel":"AhhhhhSoul","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Patrice Rushen","title":"Forget Me Nots","year":1982,"label":"Elektra Records","catalogNumber":"7-65999","why":"A much-loved boogie record with a famous bassline.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3510105-Patrice-Rushen-Forget-Me-Nots","youtube":{"id":"jtMHsNhQBvI","channel":"Strut Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"VDxmk6k8lh4","channel":"Strut Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"The System","title":"You Are in My System","year":1982,"label":"Mirage Records","catalogNumber":"WTG 7-99937","why":"An electronic boogie record widely played in clubs.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/9108471-The-System-You-Are-In-My-System","youtube":{"id":"8qIMIAG5Z_E","channel":"UnidiscMusic","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"Xvwk64uBNMs","channel":"UnidiscMusic","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"disco","type":"evolved_from","note":"Boogie grew from disco as it became more electronic.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Boogie (genre)","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie_(genre)","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Boogie funk: the sound of the electronic 80s","author":null,"publisher":"In Sheep's Clothing Hi-Fi","year":null,"url":"https://insheepsclothinghifi.com/boogie-funk-the-sound-of-the-electronic-80s/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["The parent list in the SCOPE file uses `funk-boogie` as one node, so the funk link is written as an influence rather than a separate parent."],"color":"#8d8d96"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"hi-nrg","name":"Hi-NRG","aliases":["High energy","Hi NRG"],"family":"roots","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1979,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1982,"peakEnd":1987},"origins":[{"city":"San Francisco","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":120,"max":140,"typical":130},"summary":"A fast, electronic disco style with a strong beat and powerful singing, popular in gay clubs.","history":"Hi-NRG is a fast, electronic form of disco that grew at the end of the 1970s [s1]. It was played in gay clubs in San Francisco, New York and London and named after a record by Evelyn Thomas [s1]. Sylvester's 'You Make Me Feel (Mighty Real)' (1978), produced with Patrick Cowley, is an early example [s1]. Patrick Cowley's 'Menergy' (1981) and Evelyn Thomas's 'High Energy' (1984) are defining records [s1]. The style uses a very steady, quick beat, big synthesizers and strong, emotional singing [s1]. Producers in Britain, such as Ian Levine, made many Hi-NRG records for clubs and radio [s2]. The sound influenced Eurodisco, Italo disco and later house music [s1]. It is still played at specialist club nights [s2]. The style was closely linked to gay club culture and to the rise of dance music in the 1980s [s1]. Many of its records were made for DJs rather than for radio [s2].","sound":["A fast, steady electronic beat","Loud, dramatic synthesizers","Powerful, emotional singing","Handclaps and bright percussion","A celebratory, energetic mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Patrick Cowley","role":"Producer and electronic musician","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Sylvester","role":"Singer of 'You Make Me Feel (Mighty Real)'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Ian Levine","role":"British producer and DJ","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Evelyn Thomas","role":"Singer of 'High Energy'","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Fantasy Records","city":"San Francisco","founded":1949,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Megatone Records","city":"San Francisco","founded":1981,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Record Shack Records","city":"London","founded":1983,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Sylvester","title":"You Make Me Feel (Mighty Real)","year":1978,"label":"Fantasy Records","catalogNumber":"BZ 4405","why":"An early Hi-NRG record often named as a founding track.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/5649276-Sylvester-You-Make-Me-Feel-Mighty-Real","youtube":{"id":"gD6cPE2BHic","channel":"SylvesterVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"c3vtOEiO6TY","channel":"Sylvester","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Patrick Cowley feat. Sylvester","title":"Menergy","year":1981,"label":"Megatone Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A defining Hi-NRG record built on electronic sounds.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/37324329-Patrick-Cowley-Feat-Sylvester-Menergy-RE-MIX","youtube":{"id":"bPny1esdZrk","channel":"UnidiscMusic","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"alu2GJorqeE","channel":"UnidiscMusic","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Evelyn Thomas","title":"High Energy","year":1984,"label":"Record Shack Records","catalogNumber":"SOHO 18","why":"The record that named the style and became a club hit.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1446200-Evelyn-Thomas-High-Energy","youtube":{"id":"c6uVXJ3x2Sk","channel":"IanLevine","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"XEsbgDWb-5s","channel":"magicman75100","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"disco","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hi-NRG is a faster, more electronic form of disco.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"synth-pop","type":"influenced","note":"Its electronic production is close to synth-pop.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Hi-NRG","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi-NRG","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Hi-NRG: a list","author":null,"publisher":"Bandcamp Daily","year":null,"url":"https://daily.bandcamp.com/lists/hi-nrg-list","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#8d8d96"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"hip-hop-breaks","name":"Hip Hop Breaks","aliases":["Breakbeats","Drum breaks"],"family":"roots","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1969,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1979,"peakEnd":1988},"origins":[{"city":"New York City","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":90,"max":130,"typical":110},"summary":"The short drum sections of old funk and soul records that became the building blocks of dance music.","history":"Hip hop breaks are the short drum parts of old funk, soul and rock records [s1]. DJs in New York in the 1970s played these parts again and again. They used two copies of the same record to make the break last longer [s1]. The Winstons' 'Amen, Brother' (1969) contains the 'Amen break', probably the most used drum break in history [s1]. James Brown's 'Funky Drummer' (1970) features a drum part played by Clyde Stubblefield that was sampled thousands of times [s1]. The Incredible Bongo Band's 'Apache' (1973) became a favourite break for early hip hop DJs [s1]. These breaks were later sampled with drum machines and computers [s2]. They are the rhythmic base of hip hop, jungle, drum and bass, breakbeat hardcore and much more [s2]. Producers still search for rare records that contain unheard drum breaks [s1]. The same breaks appear in thousands of songs across many styles [s2].","sound":["Short, repeating drum sections from old records","Live drum sounds with swing","Heavy kick and snare patterns","Distinctive, recognisable breaks","The raw material for sampling"],"figures":[{"name":"The Winstons","role":"Group behind the Amen break","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"James Brown","role":"Artist behind 'Funky Drummer'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Clyde Stubblefield","role":"Drummer on 'Funky Drummer'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Incredible Bongo Band","role":"Group behind the 'Apache' break","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Metromedia Records","city":"New York City","founded":1969,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"King Records","city":"Cincinnati","founded":1943,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Pride Records","city":"Los Angeles","founded":1971,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"The Winstons","title":"Amen, Brother","year":1969,"label":"Metromedia Records","catalogNumber":"MM-117","why":"Contains the Amen break, the most used drum break in dance music history.","evidence":["s1","s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/13361315-The-Winstons-Color-Him-Father-Amen-Brother","youtube":{"id":"HrrWhCbZAyY","channel":"The Winstons - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"GxZuq57_bYM","channel":"Amen Break","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"James Brown","title":"Funky Drummer","year":1970,"label":"King Records","catalogNumber":"4-6290","why":"Contains a drum break that was sampled thousands of times.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/5132756-James-Brown-Funky-Drummer","youtube":{"id":"QXw6YZltKJk","channel":"James Brown - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"AoQ4AtsFWVM","channel":"Funk Forum","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Incredible Bongo Band","title":"Apache","year":1973,"label":"Pride Records","catalogNumber":"PRD 0028DJ","why":"A favourite break for early hip hop DJs and later dance producers.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/9334839-The-Incredible-Bongo-Band-Apache-Bongo-Rock-Let-There-Be-Drums-","youtube":{"id":"-Udnb6F1A0g","channel":"Incredible Bongo Band - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"WY-Z6wm6TMQ","channel":"Mr Bongo","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"funk-boogie","type":"influenced","note":"The breaks come from funk and soul records.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Amen break","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amen_break","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"10 things you need to know about the Amen break","author":null,"publisher":"UKF","year":null,"url":"https://ukf.com/read/10-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-amen-break/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["This node is about the source records and their breaks, not a genre that artists named themselves."],"color":"#8d8d96"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"industrial","name":"Industrial","aliases":["Industrial music"],"family":"roots","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1976,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1981,"peakEnd":1990},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"Sheffield","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":90,"max":140,"typical":120},"summary":"An experimental, harsh style that uses noise, machines and dark themes.","history":"Industrial music began in Britain in the middle of the 1970s [s1]. The group Throbbing Gristle started the label Industrial Records in 1976 and gave the style its name [s1]. The music used noise, tape recordings and unusual instruments, and it dealt with dark or disturbing subjects [s1]. Throbbing Gristle's 'Hamburger Lady' (1978) is a famous example of its unsettling sound [s1]. Cabaret Voltaire's 'Nag Nag Nag' (1979) mixed noise with a danceable beat [s1]. In the 1980s American groups such as Ministry added heavy guitars and drum machines [s2]. Ministry's 'Stigmata' (1988) shows this harder, dance-influenced direction [s2]. Industrial music shaped EBM, industrial techno and much of the darker electronic music that followed [s1]. The group Throbbing Gristle also used disturbing images and ideas in its live shows [s1]. Industrial music later split into dance and rock directions [s2]. Its sound and ideas also reached film soundtracks and video games [s1]. The word industrial is now used for a broad range of dark electronic music [s2].","sound":["Noise and distorted sounds","Tape recordings and found sounds","Treated or shouted vocals","Heavy, machine-like rhythms","A dark, disturbing mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Throbbing Gristle","role":"British group that founded Industrial Records","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Genesis P-Orridge","role":"Founder of Throbbing Gristle and Industrial Records","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Cabaret Voltaire","role":"Sheffield group in the early industrial scene","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Ministry","role":"American group that made industrial rock and dance","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Industrial Records","city":"London","founded":1976,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Rough Trade Records","city":"London","founded":1978,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Wax Trax! Records","city":"Chicago","founded":1980,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Throbbing Gristle","title":"Hamburger Lady","year":1978,"label":"Industrial Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A famous early industrial record with an unsettling, noisy sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1377486-Throbbing-Gristle-Hamburger-Lady","youtube":{"id":"Fih-xzWGKPA","channel":"Throbbing Gristle - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"IZAIrbonUcA","channel":"SaveMeKaizer","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Cabaret Voltaire","title":"Nag Nag Nag","year":1979,"label":"Rough Trade Records","catalogNumber":"RT 018","why":"An early industrial record that mixed noise with a danceable beat.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/10711358","youtube":{"id":"wdyhe8VT6Yg","channel":"Cabaret Voltaire - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"jCvTCw4dLFA","channel":"TheJesbel","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Ministry","title":"Stigmata","year":1988,"label":"Sire Records","catalogNumber":"0-21113","why":"A later industrial record that mixed heavy guitars with dance beats.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3945608-Ministry-Stigmata","youtube":{"id":"qxaPj19VnRA","channel":"Warner Records Vault","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"m4HO8cdJBko","channel":"Radio Anarchia Rock","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"early-electronic","type":"influenced","note":"Electronic instruments and tape experiments are central to industrial.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"krautrock","type":"influenced","note":"Experimental German groups shaped industrial's use of noise and repetition.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Industrial music","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_music","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Assimilate: A Critical History of Industrial Music","author":"S. Alexander Reed","publisher":"Oxford University Press","year":2013,"url":null,"type":"book","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["Industrial is used both for the experimental 1970s scene and for the harder 1980s and 1990s rock sound."],"color":"#8d8d96"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"italo-disco","name":"Italo Disco","aliases":["Italo-disco","Italo disco"],"family":"roots","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1980,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1983,"peakEnd":1987},"origins":[{"city":"Milan","country":"Italy"}],"bpm":{"min":110,"max":130,"typical":120},"summary":"A melodic, electronic Italian disco style with drum machines and dreamy synthesizers.","history":"Italo disco appeared at the start of the 1980s, mostly in Italy [s1]. Producers used drum machines, synthesizers and vocoders to make dance music that was cheaper to record than American disco [s1]. The sound is melodic and often a little sad, with simple English lyrics sung by Italian singers [s1]. Kano's 'It's a War' (1980) and Charlie's 'Spacer Woman' (1983) are much-loved records from the early years [s1]. Baltimora's 'Tarzan Boy' (1985) became an international pop hit [s1]. The style was popular in mainland Europe and was played on radio and at discos [s2]. Italo disco influenced house, synth-pop and later nu-disco and electro [s1]. It remains a favourite style for collectors and DJs today [s2]. The records were often released in several countries with different covers and mixes [s1]. Italian studios also produced music for singers from Germany and Britain [s2]. Later producers sampled Italo records when making house and electro tracks [s1].","sound":["Drum machines and simple electronic beats","Dreamy or sad synthesizer melodies","Vocoder and electronic vocals","A warm, slightly lo-fi production","A melodic, emotional mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Giorgio Moroder","role":"Italian producer whose electronic disco shaped the style","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Kano","role":"Italian project behind 'It's a War'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Charlie","role":"Italian act behind 'Spacer Woman'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Baltimora","role":"Italian act behind 'Tarzan Boy'","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Il Discotto Productions","city":"Milan","founded":1979,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Emergency Records","city":"New York City","founded":1980,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"ZYX Records","city":"Merzig","founded":1980,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Kano","title":"It's a War","year":1980,"label":"Emergency Records","catalogNumber":"EMS 4057","why":"An early Italo disco record often named as a classic of the style.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/37675884-Kano-Its-A-War","youtube":{"id":"2yVtq3kPG5o","channel":"GoodyMusic Production","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"QOTWl6wYJmo","channel":"STAT CHILE AMERICA","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Charlie","title":"Spacer Woman","year":1983,"label":"Il Discotto Productions","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A much-loved Italo disco record with a strong electronic sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1069617-Charlie-Spacer-Woman","youtube":{"id":"nZDPCjEoIMI","channel":"GoodyMusic Production","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"s4p3-SQjcNQ","channel":"Adilson Eletrovecino","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Baltimora","title":"Tarzan Boy","year":1985,"label":"EMI","catalogNumber":"1C 006 11 8691 7","why":"The best-known Italo disco record and an international pop hit.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2993461-Baltimora-Tarzan-Boy","youtube":{"id":"--6CdAypJsQ","channel":"BaltimoraVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"xA3cBe6zEyQ","channel":"manuel Blanco","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"disco","type":"evolved_from","note":"Italo disco is a European, electronic form of disco.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"synth-pop","type":"influenced","note":"Synthesizers and drum machines are central to both styles.","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"id":"early-electronic","type":"influenced","note":"Its electronic sound comes from early electronic music.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Italo disco","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo_disco","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Last Night a DJ Saved My Life: The History of the Disc Jockey","author":"Bill Brewster and Frank Broughton","publisher":"Grove Press","year":1999,"url":null,"type":"book","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["The exact first use of the name Italo disco is unclear; it was applied by later writers and collectors."],"color":"#8d8d96"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"krautrock","name":"Krautrock","aliases":["Kosmische Musik","German rock"],"family":"roots","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1968,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1971,"peakEnd":1975},"origins":[{"city":"Düsseldorf","country":"Germany"},{"city":"Cologne","country":"Germany"}],"bpm":{"min":90,"max":130,"typical":110},"summary":"Experimental German rock from the 1970s that mixed electronic sounds with repetitive rhythms.","history":"Krautrock is a name given by British writers to experimental German music of the late 1960s and 1970s [s1]. The groups mixed rock instruments with synthesizers, tape effects and long, repeating rhythms [s1]. Can's 'Vitamin C' (1972) and Neu!'s 'Hallogallo' (1972) are well-known examples of the style's steady, hypnotic beat [s1]. Kraftwerk's 'Autobahn' (1974) used electronic sounds and a motorway theme to make a pop record [s1]. Tangerine Dream made long, calm electronic pieces that shaped ambient music [s2]. Many krautrock groups rejected normal pop song structures and experimented with sound [s1]. British and American musicians, including David Bowie, were influenced by the style [s2]. Its repetitive rhythms later fed into electronic dance music and ambient [s1]. Many of the groups played long pieces at art events and rock clubs [s1]. Their music was not popular in Germany at first but was admired in Britain and the United States [s2].","sound":["Repetitive, hypnotic rhythms","Early synthesizers and tape effects","Long tracks with few chord changes","Experimental, unusual sounds","A steady, mechanical feel"],"figures":[{"name":"Kraftwerk","role":"Düsseldorf group central to the style","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Can","role":"Cologne group known for hypnotic rhythms","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Neu!","role":"Düsseldorf duo behind 'Hallogallo'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Tangerine Dream","role":"Berlin group known for long electronic pieces","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Brain Records","city":"Hamburg","founded":1972,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"United Artists","city":"London","founded":1957,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Philips Records","city":"Amsterdam","founded":1950,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Neu!","title":"Hallogallo","year":1972,"label":"Brain Records","catalogNumber":"0040.145","why":"A founding krautrock track built on a steady, hypnotic beat.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/793715-Neu-Hallogallo","youtube":{"id":"zndpi8tNZyQ","channel":"groenlandrecords","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"ubdHYhnersU","channel":"cold catz","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Can","title":"Vitamin C","year":1972,"label":"United Artists","catalogNumber":"35 472 A","why":"A well-known krautrock track with a repeating, danceable groove.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/7046462-Can-Vitamin-C","youtube":{"id":"YmN9oHa3ZIQ","channel":"Mute","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"mtFBKCmUsNM","channel":"Philippe Romanet","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Kraftwerk","title":"Autobahn","year":1974,"label":"Philips Records","catalogNumber":"6305 231","why":"A krautrock record that used electronic sounds to make a pop hit.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/5813874-Kraftwerk-Autobahn","youtube":{"id":"vkOZNJYAZ7c","channel":"Kraftwerk - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"iukUMRlaBBE","channel":"EddieAlda","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Krautrock","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krautrock","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Krautrock: the 1970s bands which helped post-war Germany overcome its dark history","author":null,"publisher":"BBC Culture","year":2024,"url":"https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20240110-krautrock-the-1970s-bands-which-helped-post-war-germany-overcome-its-dark-history","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Krautrock is a broad label for several different German groups; it was originally a nickname, not a scene name."],"color":"#8d8d96"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"new-beat","name":"New Beat","aliases":["Newbeat","Belgian new beat"],"family":"roots","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1987,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1988,"peakEnd":1990},"origins":[{"city":"Ghent","country":"Belgium"}],"bpm":{"min":95,"max":120,"typical":105},"summary":"A slow, hard Belgian dance style from the late 1980s that mixed EBM, acid and samples.","history":"New beat appeared in Belgium in 1987 [s1]. DJs slowed down imported EBM and acid house records, which made them sound heavy and hypnotic [s1]. Producers then made new tracks in the same slow, hard style [s1]. Confetti's 'The Sound of C' (1988) was one of the first big new beat hits [s1]. A Split Second's 'Flesh' (1986) and Lords of Acid's 'I Sit on Acid' (1988) are important records from the scene [s1]. The music mixed hard drum machines, acid basslines and samples from films and speeches [s2]. New beat was popular in Belgian clubs such as Boccaccio and spread across Europe [s2]. It influenced later European dance music and the early rave scene [s1]. The style was played in clubs such as Boccaccio near Ghent and spread to Britain and Germany [s1]. Many new beat records were hard to find and became collector's items [s2]. It is seen as an important step between EBM and the rave music of the 1990s [s1].","sound":["A slow, heavy four-to-the-floor beat","Hard EBM-style drums","Acid basslines and samples","Spoken or sampled voices","A dark, hypnotic mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Praga Khan","role":"Belgian producer and member of Lords of Acid","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Lords of Acid","role":"Belgian group behind 'I Sit on Acid'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Confetti's","role":"Belgian group behind 'The Sound of C'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"A Split Second","role":"Belgian group behind 'Flesh'","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Antler-Subway","city":"Ghent","founded":1983,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Kaos Records","city":"Ghent","founded":1988,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"R&S Records","city":"Ghent","founded":1984,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"A Split Second","title":"Flesh","year":1986,"label":"Antler-Subway","catalogNumber":"AS 5065","why":"An important record that helped shape the new beat sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/4327199-A-Split-Second-Flesh-1991-Remix","youtube":{"id":"VsG2_465Srs","channel":"A Split-Second - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"-FDy-RVeI-A","channel":"Abstructure","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Confetti's","title":"The Sound of C","year":1988,"label":"Antler-Subway","catalogNumber":null,"why":"One of the first big new beat hits.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/586868-Confettis-The-Sound-Of-C","youtube":{"id":"konoGSVj0VM","channel":"Official Confetti's","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"ocywmE8Gs-8","channel":"Nostalgies 60'-70'-80'","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Lords of Acid","title":"I Sit on Acid","year":1988,"label":"Antler-Subway","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A defining new beat record and a club anthem.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/498926-Lords-Of-Acid-I-Sit-On-Acid","youtube":{"id":"K64SQFa8hHk","channel":"Lords Of Acid - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"jAT1C9QPWA0","channel":"SquizurBoom","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"ebm","type":"evolved_from","note":"New beat slowed down EBM records and made them heavier.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"acid-house","type":"influenced","note":"Slowed-down acid house records were a main ingredient.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"industrial","type":"influenced","note":"Its dark, hard sound comes partly from industrial music.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"New beat","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_beat","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"New beat feature","author":null,"publisher":"Red Bull Music Academy Daily","year":2018,"url":"https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2018/01/new-beat-feature/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["New beat had no fixed tempo and covered several sounds, so the BPM range is broad."],"color":"#8d8d96"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"synth-pop","name":"Synth-Pop","aliases":["Synthpop","Electropop"],"family":"roots","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1979,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1981,"peakEnd":1985},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":100,"max":130,"typical":118},"summary":"A pop style built mainly on synthesizers, drum machines and catchy electronic melodies.","history":"Synth-pop grew at the end of the 1970s from punk, electronic music and disco [s1]. Early groups used only synthesizers and drum machines, with no guitars or live drums [s1]. Gary Numan's 'Are Friends Electric?' (1979) was a surprise number one in Britain and showed how popular the sound could be [s1]. The Human League's 'Don't You Want Me' (1981) and New Order's 'Blue Monday' (1983) became huge international hits [s1]. The music is melodic and often cold or robotic, with lyrics about modern life and love [s2]. British labels such as Mute, Virgin and Factory released much of it [s1]. Synth-pop shaped later electronic dance music, including house and techno [s2]. It is still a major influence on pop music today [s1]. The lyrics often described modern life, machines and love in a cool, distant way [s1]. Many of the groups used image and fashion as part of their act [s2].","sound":["Synthesizers instead of guitars","Drum machines with a steady beat","Catchy, simple vocal melodies","Cold or robotic electronic textures","A clean, futuristic production"],"figures":[{"name":"Gary Numan","role":"British musician behind 'Are Friends Electric?'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"The Human League","role":"British group behind 'Don't You Want Me'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"New Order","role":"British group behind 'Blue Monday'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Depeche Mode","role":"British group central to synth-pop","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Mute Records","city":"London","founded":1978,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Virgin Records","city":"London","founded":1972,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Factory Records","city":"Manchester","founded":1978,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Tubeway Army","title":"Are 'Friends' Electric?","year":1979,"label":"Beggars Banquet Records","catalogNumber":"BEG 18 P","why":"An early synth-pop number one that proved the style could be popular.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1623745-Tubeway-Army-Are-Friends-Electric","youtube":{"id":"quAQqXX-7m0","channel":"Official Gary Numan","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"BEop9nuTSrg","channel":"Beggars Banquet Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"The Human League","title":"Don't You Want Me","year":1981,"label":"Virgin Records","catalogNumber":"none","why":"A huge synth-pop hit and one of the style's best-known songs.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/32768019-The-Human-League-Dont-You-Want-Me","youtube":{"id":"uPudE8nDog0","channel":"TheHumanLeagueVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"dcZjXy-_Fcc","channel":"The Human League","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"New Order","title":"Blue Monday","year":1983,"label":"Factory Records","catalogNumber":"FACC 73","why":"A synth-pop record that also became a dance floor classic.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/33393812-New-Order-Blue-Monday","youtube":{"id":"W2e2Nw8oTgc","channel":"zombiecinema","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"c1GxjzHm5us","channel":"New Order","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"early-electronic","type":"influenced","note":"Synth-pop grew from early electronic music and its instruments.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"disco","type":"influenced","note":"Its danceable electronic pop shares DNA with disco.","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"id":"krautrock","type":"influenced","note":"German electronic groups showed how machines could make pop music.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Synth-pop","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synth-pop","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"The history of synth-pop","author":null,"publisher":"Play Alone Records","year":null,"url":"https://playalonerecords.com/blogs/news/history-of-synth-pop","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#8d8d96"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"acid-techno","name":"Acid Techno","aliases":["Acid techno"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1991,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1994,"peakEnd":2000},"origins":[{"city":"Frankfurt","country":"Germany"},{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":130,"max":150,"typical":140},"summary":"Techno built around the squelchy sound of the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer.","history":"Acid techno takes the squelchy sound of the Roland TB-303, a small bass synthesizer, and places it in hard techno [s1]. The machine was first used in Chicago acid house in the 1980s [s1]. In the early 1990s European producers made it faster and harder [s1]. Hardfloor's 'Acperience 1' (1992) is one of the widely known acid techno tracks [s1]. Emmanuel Top's 'Acid Phase' (1994) was a large club hit built almost entirely from a 303 line [s1]. In London, a group of producers linked to the Liberator DJs and the label Stay Up Forever made fast, party-focused acid techno [s2]. Dave Clarke's 'Wisdom to the Wise' (1994) showed the harder, darker side [s1]. The style has returned many times and is still played at raves [s1][s2]. London's acid techno scene held large free parties and released records on its own small labels [s2]. The 303 sound is still used by producers today, and the records are played at old-school and hard techno nights [s1].","sound":["A squelchy, sliding TB-303 bassline","Fast, hard drum machine beats","Long, hypnotic repeating lines","Little or no singing","A raw, energetic rave mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Hardfloor","role":"German duo behind 'Acperience 1'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Emmanuel Top","role":"French producer behind 'Acid Phase'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Dave Clarke","role":"British producer behind 'Wisdom to the Wise'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Liberator DJs","role":"London collective central to the acid techno scene","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Harthouse","city":"Frankfurt","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Stay Up Forever","city":"London","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Bush Records","city":"London","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Hardfloor","title":"Acperience 1","year":1992,"label":"Harthouse","catalogNumber":"HH01R-6","why":"One of the best-known acid techno records.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/135331-Hardfloor-Acperience-1-5-Remastered","youtube":{"id":"S6ruUooMK9w","channel":"HRDFLR","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"Un4CeV_l3pI","channel":"HRDFLR","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Emmanuel Top","title":"Acid Phase","year":1994,"label":"Attack Records","catalogNumber":"ATT-V-94 003","why":"A large acid techno club hit built from a TB-303 line.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/4531990-Emmanuel-Top-Acid-Phase","youtube":{"id":"G8IwGUR8S54","channel":"RaveKing86","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"1ZXR5761Gzc","channel":"TheBlackVinyls","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Dave Clarke","title":"Wisdom to the Wise","year":1994,"label":"Bush Records","catalogNumber":"BSL6","why":"A dark, hard acid techno record that many DJs played.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/861622-Dave-Clarke-Wisdom-To-The-Wise-Red-2-Shake-Your-Booty","youtube":{"id":"9lnrQqNeoFE","channel":"Dave Clarke","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"acid-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Acid techno takes the TB-303 sound from acid house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"detroit-techno","type":"fusion_of","note":"It moves the acid sound into a faster techno setting that began in Detroit.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hard-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its speed and force come from hard techno.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Acid techno guide: history, artists and classics","author":null,"publisher":"6AM Group","year":null,"url":"https://6amgroup.com/articles/guides-all/acid-techno-guide-history-artists-classics","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"London acid techno feature","author":null,"publisher":"Red Bull Music Academy Daily","year":2016,"url":"https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2016/06/london-acid-techno-feature/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"ambient-techno","name":"Ambient Techno","aliases":["Ambient techno","Intelligent techno"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1990,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1992,"peakEnd":1997},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"Cornwall","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":90,"max":125,"typical":110},"summary":"Techno that is made for listening at home as much as dancing, with soft textures and slow beats.","history":"Ambient techno appeared around 1990 [s1]. It mixes the electronic sounds of techno with the calm, slow style of ambient music [s1]. The beat may be soft, slow or missing completely [s1]. Aphex Twin's 'Xtal' (1992) is one of the widely known tracks, with a gentle beat and warm synthesizer chords [s1]. Global Communication's '14:31' (1994) is a long, quiet piece often named as a high point of the style [s1]. Orbital's 'Belfast' (1991) is another well-loved example [s1]. British labels such as Warp and R&S released much of this music [s2]. Ambient techno was often listened to at home as well as in clubs [s1]. It later fed into the wider ambient and electronic listening scene [s2]. The style was also called intelligent techno at the time, a name used by the label Warp for its listening series [s2]. Many of the records were made for headphones as much as for dance floors [s1].","sound":["Soft or slow beats, sometimes none","Warm, floating synthesizer chords","Long, slowly changing pieces","A calm, spacious and dreamy mood","Detailed, quiet sound design"],"figures":[{"name":"Aphex Twin","role":"British producer behind 'Xtal' and other ambient techno","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Global Communication","role":"British duo of Mark Pritchard and Tom Middleton","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Orbital","role":"British duo behind 'Belfast'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"The Orb","role":"British project that mixed ambient with dance music","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Warp Records","city":"Sheffield","founded":1989,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"R&S Records","city":"Ghent","founded":1984,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Dedicated","city":"London","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Aphex Twin","title":"Xtal","year":1992,"label":"R&S Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"One of the best-known ambient techno tracks.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Aphex+Twin+Xtal&type=release","youtube":{"id":"uXpKC8TIAxE","channel":"R&S Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"2tOutF8B3f8","channel":"pigsfood27","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Orbital","title":"Belfast","year":1991,"label":"FFRR","catalogNumber":"ESPDJ010","why":"A well-loved early ambient techno track.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/53418-Orbital-Belfast-Nothing-Left","youtube":{"id":"AZzJxWlvlNg","channel":"Orbital","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"d5vGjCoQM1s","channel":"UnfoldReality","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Global Communication","title":"14:31","year":1994,"label":"Dedicated","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A long, quiet track often named as a high point of ambient techno.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Global+Communication+14%3A31&type=release","youtube":{"id":"SlxTlBPvJD8","channel":"Global Communication - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"JNmFlRd7EFw","channel":"fintogive","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"detroit-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Ambient techno grew from the softer, melodic side of Detroit techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"ambient","type":"fusion_of","note":"It is a direct mix of ambient music and techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"early-electronic","type":"influenced","note":"The calm, electronic sound comes from early electronic music.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Ambient techno","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambient_techno","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"The origins and evolution of ambient techno","author":null,"publisher":"MusicRadar","year":null,"url":"https://www.musicradar.com/tutorials/music-production-tutorials/a-friend-left-music-quietly-playing-for-eno-while-he-was-in-hospital-which-was-thought-to-have-inspired-his-initial-idea-for-music-for-airports-the-origins-and-evolution-of-ambient-techno","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"berlin-techno","name":"Berlin Techno","aliases":["Berlin techno"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1991,"startApprox":false,"peakStart":1995,"peakEnd":null},"origins":[{"city":"Berlin","country":"Germany"}],"bpm":{"min":125,"max":140,"typical":132},"summary":"The deep, serious techno sound of Berlin clubs, built for long nights and big rooms.","history":"Berlin techno grew quickly after the Berlin Wall fell in 1989 [s1]. Empty buildings in the east of the city became clubs, and the club Tresor opened in 1991 [s1][s2]. The sound is serious and repetitive, with heavy drums and a focus on the low end [s1]. Early Berlin producers such as Basic Channel and Maurizio made a deep, echoing form of techno [s2]. Tresor's label released Detroit artists and helped connect the two cities [s2]. In the 2000s, the club Berghain and its label Ostgut Ton became known around the world [s1]. Marcel Dettmann's 'Apron' (2010) and Ben Klock's 'Subzero' (2007) are well-known Berlin records [s1]. The city's clubs were recognised by UNESCO in 2024 as part of German cultural heritage [s1]. Berlin remains one of the centres of world techno [s1]. The city's clubs are known for long opening hours, and some run from Friday night until Monday morning. Tourists travel to Berlin specifically to visit them [s1].","sound":["A hard, steady four-to-the-floor beat","Deep, echoing bass and reverb","Long tracks made for big rooms","Serious, dark and hypnotic mood","Few vocals or none at all"],"figures":[{"name":"Marcel Dettmann","role":"Berlin DJ and producer; Berghain resident","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Ben Klock","role":"Berlin DJ and producer; Berghain resident","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Mark Ernestus","role":"Co-founder of Basic Channel and the Hard Wax shop","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Moritz von Oswald","role":"Co-founder of Basic Channel and Maurizio","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Tresor Records","city":"Berlin","founded":1991,"sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Ostgut Ton","city":"Berlin","founded":2005,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Basic Channel","city":"Berlin","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Vainqueur","title":"Lyot","year":1992,"label":"Chain Reaction","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early Berlin record that shows the deep, echoing sound of the city.","evidence":["s1","s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1075327-Vainqueur-Lyot","youtube":{"id":"abe-9rp-LNY","channel":"Vainqueur - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"wTvELHN6lK8","channel":"Vainqueur - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Ben Klock","title":"Subzero","year":2007,"label":"Ostgut Ton","catalogNumber":"o-ton ltd 03","why":"A defining record of the modern Berlin club sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/14000178-Ben-Klock-Subzero-Coney-Island","youtube":{"id":"FBzbK6o7Snc","channel":"sonictextures","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"t9HPG_O6gMM","channel":"Save Techno","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Marcel Dettmann","title":"Apron","year":2010,"label":"Marcel Dettmann Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A well-known Berlin techno track by a central club resident.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Marcel+Dettmann+Apron&type=release","youtube":{"id":"ge3KtEQ9f5k","channel":"Marcel Dettmann - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"Os2cqxpsr90","channel":"Marcel Dettmann Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"detroit-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Detroit records were a main influence on early Berlin producers and clubs.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"dub-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Basic Channel and Chain Reaction made Berlin a home of dub techno.","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"id":"industrial","type":"influenced","note":"The city's industrial buildings and harsh sounds shaped the mood.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Labels we love: Tresor","author":null,"publisher":"XLR8R","year":null,"url":"https://xlr8r.com/features/labels-we-love-tresor/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Tresor: the iconic Berlin techno club of the 1990s","author":null,"publisher":"Google Arts & Culture","year":null,"url":"https://artsandculture.google.com/story/tresor-the-iconic-berlin-techno-club-of-the-1990s-groove/mQXRhhGnyyOKtw?hl=en","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":["https://learningtodj.com/blog/berlin-techno-origins-after-the-wall/"],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["Berlin techno is a scene with several sounds; this entry covers the club tradition as a whole."],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"bleep-techno","name":"Bleep Techno","aliases":["Bleep","Bleep and bass"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1989,"startApprox":false,"peakStart":1990,"peakEnd":1992},"origins":[{"city":"Sheffield","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"Leeds","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":118,"max":130,"typical":125},"summary":"A short-lived British style from the north of England built on deep bass and simple electronic beeps.","history":"Bleep techno appeared in the north of England at the end of the 1980s [s1]. It mixed American techno and house with the heavy bass of British sound-system music [s2]. The name comes from the high, simple electronic notes, or bleeps, used as melodies [s1]. Forgemasters' 'Track With No Name' (1989) was one of the first records on the new Warp label [s1]. LFO's 'LFO' (1990) became a chart hit and is a widely known bleep record [s1][s2]. Sweet Exorcist's 'Testone' (1990) added strange noises and a slower, heavier feel [s2]. The style was popular for only a few years but was important for British dance music [s1]. It helped Warp Records grow into one of the country's widely known electronic labels [s1]. The records were often played at clubs in Sheffield, Leeds and London. Some had a strange, science-fiction feeling that matched the name bleep [s2]. Other early Warp acts linked to bleep included Nightmares on Wax and Sweet Exorcist [s1].","sound":["Deep, heavy basslines","Simple, high electronic beeps","A steady drum machine beat","A cold, empty atmosphere","Repetitive, minimal melodies"],"figures":[{"name":"LFO","role":"Leeds trio behind the hit 'LFO'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Sweet Exorcist","role":"Sheffield duo of Richard H. Kirk and DJ Parrot","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Forgemasters","role":"Sheffield group behind the first Warp release","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Nightmares on Wax","role":"Leeds act on the early Warp label","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Warp Records","city":"Sheffield","founded":1989,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Outer Rhythm","city":"London","founded":1989,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Forgemasters","title":"Track With No Name","year":1989,"label":"Warp Records","catalogNumber":"WAP 1","why":"The first release on Warp and an early bleep techno record.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1204725-Forgemasters-Track-With-No-Name","youtube":{"id":"WmDGTaez6p0","channel":"Forgemasters - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"3Ys9e2m0LTs","channel":"Lee M7LAS","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"LFO","title":"LFO","year":1990,"label":"Warp Records","catalogNumber":"WAP 5CD","why":"The best-known bleep techno record and a British chart hit.","evidence":["s1","s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/8276455-LFO-LFO","youtube":{"id":"s-1Y2EqThyQ","channel":"Warp Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"RpZVPSCv79U","channel":"Backintday","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Sweet Exorcist","title":"Testone","year":1990,"label":"Warp Records","catalogNumber":"TT 001","why":"A defining bleep record with a slow, heavy and strange sound.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/13369772-Sweet-Exorcist-Testone","youtube":{"id":"amOo8zV6DDA","channel":"Abstructure","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"ooD4plDsO60","channel":"Renegade Sound","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"detroit-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Bleep techno used the drum machine sound of Detroit techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"chicago-house","type":"influenced","note":"The dance beat and club structure came from Chicago house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"dub","type":"influenced","note":"The heavy bass comes partly from Jamaican dub sound systems.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Warp Records","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warp_Records","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"A brief history of bleep","author":null,"publisher":"The Dowsers","year":null,"url":"https://www.the-dowsers.com/the-dowser-posts/brief-history-bleep","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"detroit-techno","name":"Detroit Techno","aliases":["Detroit techno"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1985,"startApprox":false,"peakStart":1987,"peakEnd":1993},"origins":[{"city":"Detroit","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":120,"max":135,"typical":128},"summary":"The first techno style, made in Detroit with drum machines and futuristic synthesizer sounds.","history":"Detroit techno began in the mid-1980s in the American city of Detroit [s1]. Three school friends, Juan Atkins, Derrick May and Kevin Saunderson, are usually named as its founders [s2]. They mixed the electronic sound of European records by Kraftwerk and Giorgio Moroder with funk and the new drum machines of the time [s1]. Atkins described the music as techno, a word borrowed from a book about future technology [s2]. His group Model 500 released 'No UFO's' in 1985 on his own label Metroplex [s1]. Derrick May, recording as Rhythim Is Rhythim, released 'Strings of Life' in 1987, a track with a famous piano line [s1][s3]. Kevin Saunderson's group Inner City had a worldwide hit with 'Big Fun' in 1988 [s1]. The style spread to Britain and Germany and shaped almost all later techno [s3]. Detroit techno is often described as warm and melodic, even when the machines are cold [s1].","sound":["Drum machines with a steady, danceable beat","Futuristic synthesizer melodies and chords","Funk-style basslines played on keyboards","A warm, soulful feeling under the machines","Clean, sci-fi sound design"],"figures":[{"name":"Juan Atkins","role":"Producer and founder of Metroplex; member of Model 500","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Derrick May","role":"Producer behind Rhythim Is Rhythim","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Kevin Saunderson","role":"Producer and member of Inner City","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Eddie Fowlkes","role":"Early Detroit DJ and producer","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Metroplex","city":"Detroit","founded":1985,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Transmat","city":"Detroit","founded":1986,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"KMS","city":"Detroit","founded":1987,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Model 500","title":"No UFO's","year":1985,"label":"Metroplex","catalogNumber":"M-001","why":"One of the first Detroit techno records and the start of Juan Atkins's label.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1097306-Model-500-No-UFOs","youtube":{"id":"KNz01ty-kTQ","channel":"oxfordfreeparty1991","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"Rsb-Yxqg_ys","channel":"Model 500 - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Rhythim Is Rhythim","title":"Strings of Life","year":1987,"label":"Transmat","catalogNumber":"MS 004","why":"The best-known Detroit techno record and a favourite in British clubs.","evidence":["s1","s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2430816-Rhythim-Is-Rhythim-Strings-Of-Life","youtube":{"id":"vGFw2qeUp0s","channel":"Rhythim Is Rhythim - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"8e5aWNpU_b8","channel":"Synthaestetic","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Inner City","title":"Big Fun","year":1988,"label":"Virgin Records","catalogNumber":"VIN 45295","why":"A Detroit techno record that became a worldwide pop and club hit.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1650173","youtube":{"id":"Gr-zG-IXDyo","channel":"InnerCityVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"WpMD4j04RUM","channel":"Disco Dance Classix","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"electro","type":"evolved_from","note":"Detroit producers built on the drum machine sound of electro.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"funk-boogie","type":"influenced","note":"Funk and boogie bass and chords are at the heart of the style.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"synth-pop","type":"influenced","note":"European synth-pop and Kraftwerk shaped its futuristic sound.","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"id":"early-electronic","type":"influenced","note":"Kraftwerk and Giorgio Moroder were named by the founders as key influences.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Detroit techno","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_techno","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Techno","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techno","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Techno Rebels: The Renegades of Electronic Funk","author":"Dan Sicko","publisher":"Billboard Books","year":1999,"url":null,"type":"book","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":["https://learningtodj.com/blog/10-tracks-that-defined-detroit-techno/","https://learningtodj.com/blog/5-iconic-detroit-techno-tracks-that-shaped-the-genre/"],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["'Big Fun' was released by Inner City on more than one label; the 1988 Virgin release is used here."],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"dub-techno","name":"Dub Techno","aliases":["Dub-tech","Dub techno"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1993,"startApprox":false,"peakStart":1994,"peakEnd":2000},"origins":[{"city":"Berlin","country":"Germany"}],"bpm":{"min":115,"max":128,"typical":122},"summary":"Techno mixed with the echo and delay effects of Jamaican dub music.","history":"Dub techno started in Berlin in the early 1990s [s1]. Moritz von Oswald and Mark Ernestus began releasing records on their label Basic Channel in 1993 [s1][s2]. They mixed the steady beat of techno with the echo and delay effects of Jamaican dub music [s2]. Dub is a Jamaican style in which a producer removes parts of a song and adds echo and reverb [s2]. Basic Channel released music under several names, including Maurizio and Rhythm & Sound [s1]. Rhythm & Sound's 'Mango Drive' (1998) is a calm, echoing example of the style [s1]. Other producers, such as Deepchord in Detroit, made their own versions [s2]. The sound is quiet and patient, and it has stayed popular in clubs and for home listening [s1]. Many of the records were pressed in small amounts and became collector's items. The style is still made by producers in Germany, Japan and the United States [s2].","sound":["Heavy echo and reverb effects","A steady, simple techno beat","Deep, warm basslines","Chords that fade in and out","A calm, underwater atmosphere"],"figures":[{"name":"Moritz von Oswald","role":"Co-founder of Basic Channel and Maurizio","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Mark Ernestus","role":"Co-founder of Basic Channel and Rhythm & Sound","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Rod Modell","role":"Detroit producer behind Deepchord","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Stefan Betke","role":"German producer who made dub-influenced techno as Pole","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Basic Channel","city":"Berlin","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Chain Reaction","city":"Berlin","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Burial Mix","city":"Berlin","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Basic Channel","title":"Phylyps Trak","year":1993,"label":"Basic Channel","catalogNumber":"BC-02","why":"An early dub techno record that set the sound of the style.","evidence":["s1","s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3915470-Basic-Channel-Phylyps-Trak","youtube":{"id":"6a4HlgmlMuw","channel":"Basic Channel - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"w0RHfIzq08g","channel":"Old Skool Wax","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Maurizio","title":"M4","year":1995,"label":"Maurizio","catalogNumber":"M-4","why":"A dub techno record from the same Berlin studio as Basic Channel.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1075325-Maurizio-M4","youtube":{"id":"OzdvN4waUvA","channel":"Maurizio - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"WsLIA4sq5DU","channel":"Maurizio - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Rhythm & Sound","title":"Mango Drive","year":1998,"label":"Burial Mix","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A well-known dub techno track with a calm, echoing sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3915794-Chosen-Brothers-Rhythm-Sound-Mango-Walk-Mango-Drive","youtube":{"id":"yKd-S9hLlgY","channel":"Rhythm & Sound - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"BrV5SVutZQ8","channel":"Rhythm & Sound - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"dub","type":"fusion_of","note":"Dub techno is a direct mix of techno and Jamaican dub effects.","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"id":"detroit-techno","type":"influenced","note":"The calm, melodic side of Detroit techno shaped it.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"ambient","type":"influenced","note":"Its soft, spacious feel is close to ambient music.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Basic Channel","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Channel","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Beat dissected: Basic Channel-style dub techno","author":null,"publisher":"Attack Magazine","year":null,"url":"https://www.attackmagazine.com/technique/beat-dissected/basic-channel-style-dub-techno/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"electro-techno","name":"Electro Techno","aliases":[],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2009,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2012,"peakEnd":2020},"origins":[{"city":"Berlin","country":"Germany"},{"city":"Bristol","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":125,"max":140,"typical":132},"summary":"Techno built on electro beats and machine funk, revived in the 2010s.","history":"Electro techno mixes techno with the beats and sounds of electro [s1]. Electro began in the early 1980s with drum machines and robot-like funk [s2]. Detroit techno grew partly from that sound [s2]. In the 2010s, a new group of producers brought electro back into techno [s1][s3]. Blawan, Objekt and DJ Stingray 313 are well-known names [s1]. The music uses broken robot beats, heavy bass and machine sounds [s1]. It is more broken and funky than most four-to-the-floor techno [s1]. Electro techno is different from the older electro genre [s2]. It adds techno's drive, darkness and longer structures [s2]. It is often played in clubs next to both techno and electro [s1]. The style keeps the connection between techno and its electro roots alive [s2]. Many electro techno records come out on small independent labels [s1]. The sound also appears in drum and bass and breakbeat scenes [s2].","sound":["Broken, robotic drum patterns","Heavy, funky basslines","Machine-like synthesizer sounds","A dark, futuristic mood","A techno-style drive"],"figures":[{"name":"Blawan","role":"British producer linked to the electro techno revival","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Objekt","role":"Producer known for precise, broken electro techno","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"DJ Stingray 313","role":"Detroit DJ and producer of electro and techno","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Afrika Bambaataa","role":"Early electro artist whose sound shaped the roots","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Hessle Audio","city":"Leeds","founded":2007,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Ilian Tape","city":"Munich","founded":2007,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Micron Audio","city":"Detroit","founded":2000,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Blawan","title":"Getting Me Down","year":2011,"label":"Black Sun Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A track that helped bring electro sounds back into techno.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/15595349-Blawan-Getting-Me-Down","youtube":{"id":"2aR6A09uBi8","channel":"Robbie.","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"QQ3ZdteGisU","channel":"Luke Marshall","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Objekt","title":"Cactus","year":2012,"label":"Hessle Audio","catalogNumber":"HES019","why":"A precise, broken electro techno record from the 2010s revival.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/12793463-Objekt-Cactus","youtube":{"id":"7N5fz1JwWVA","channel":"Hessle Audio","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"6XU6DnRMrZo","channel":"hurfyd","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"DJ Stingray 313","title":"Misinformation Campaign","year":2011,"label":"Micron Audio","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A Detroit electro techno record from a central artist of the style.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/8525088-DJ-Stingray-313-Misinformation-Campaign","youtube":{"id":"TXCBfN9UrV4","channel":"unsanity","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"electro","type":"evolved_from","note":"Electro techno brings the old electro sound back into techno.","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"id":"detroit-techno","type":"fusion_of","note":"Detroit techno already mixed electro and techno.","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"id":"acid-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its raw machine sound is close to acid techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Electro (music)","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro_(music)","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Techno","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techno","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Electro","author":null,"publisher":"Melodigging","year":null,"url":"https://www.melodigging.com/genre/electro","type":"database","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Electro techno is sometimes used for early Detroit techno, and sometimes for the 2010s revival. This entry describes the 2010s revival and states the difference from roots electro."],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"free-tekno","name":"Free Tekno","aliases":["Tekno","Hardtek","Spiral Tekno"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1991,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1994,"peakEnd":2005},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"Paris","country":"France"}],"bpm":{"min":150,"max":185,"typical":165},"summary":"Fast, raw European party techno played at free parties and teknivals.","history":"Free tekno is the music played at free parties in Europe [s1]. The spelling 'tekno' separates it from other techno [s1]. It is fast, usually 150 to 185 beats per minute, with a pounding, repetitive kick [s1]. It evolved with the teknival movement in the early 1990s [s1]. At first it came from acid house, then added hardcore, jungle and techno [s1]. The British sound system Spiral Tribe helped create and spread the style [s1]. After the British Criminal Justice Act in 1994, many sound systems moved to France and Eastern Europe [s1][s2]. Producers often use TV and film samples [s1]. Early tracks were made with cheap drum machines and trackers [s1]. Artists often use many different names and give their music away for free [s1]. The scene has its own rules and is separate from commercial dance music [s1]. Free tekno is usually less distorted than hardcore [s1].","sound":["A fast, pounding kick drum","Repetitive, hypnotic loops","TV and film samples","Simple, raw production","A hard but less distorted sound than hardcore"],"figures":[{"name":"Spiral Tribe","role":"British sound system that shaped and spread free tekno","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Mark Harrison","role":"Spiral Tribe co-founder","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Crystal Distortion","role":"Producer in the Spiral Tribe network","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"69db","role":"Producer in the Spiral Tribe network","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Network 23","city":"London","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Spiral Tribe Sound System","city":"London","founded":1990,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Kadath","city":"France","founded":1995,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Spiral Tribe","title":"Track 13 (Criminal Drug)","year":1992,"label":"Network 23","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early free tekno track from the sound system that led the style.","evidence":["s1","s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Spiral+Tribe+Criminal+Drug&type=release","youtube":{"id":"nSF_0EQhKyw","channel":"Spiral Tribe - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"g3-Mi2TeO2U","channel":"Mario T.","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Crystal Distortion","title":"Jack Goes to Toyland","year":1996,"label":"Kadath","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A free tekno record from a producer in the Spiral Tribe network.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/984710-Crystal-D15tort1on-Jack-Goes-To-Toyland","youtube":{"id":"TCv6iUg76rQ","channel":"thedanoi","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"Spiral Tribe","title":"Paint it Black","year":1993,"label":"Network 23","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early Spiral Tribe track from the first years of free tekno.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Spiral+Tribe+Paint+It+Black&type=release","youtube":{"id":"m5FHzPYUOiY","channel":"CV Gate","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"acid-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Free tekno grew from acid house and the first rave sound.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hardcore-techno","type":"fusion_of","note":"It added the speed and hard kick of early hardcore.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hard-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its hard, repetitive drive is close to hard techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Free tekno","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_tekno","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"The history of Spiral Tribe, the UK's most notorious travelling sound system","author":null,"publisher":"DJ Mag","year":null,"url":"https://djmag.com/features/history-spiral-tribe-uks-most-notorious-travelling-sound-system","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Free tekno overlaps hard techno and hardcore techno. Some of its sub-names (hardtek, tribe, spiral tekno) are used loosely."],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"ghettotech","name":"Ghettotech","aliases":["Detroit Club"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1995,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1999,"peakEnd":2008},"origins":[{"city":"Detroit","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":145,"max":160,"typical":150},"summary":"Fast Detroit techno, electro and ghetto house with crude vocals.","history":"Ghettotech is a form of electronic music from Detroit [s1][s2]. It mixes ghetto house from Chicago with electro, Detroit techno and Miami bass [s1]. The music has four-on-the-floor rhythms and is fast, usually 145 to 160 beats per minute [s1]. Vocals are often repeated, crude and explicit [s1]. The sound is gritty and raw rather than polished [s1]. Ghettotech began as a DJing style in the late 1980s [s1]. DJs mixed jungle, ghetto house, hip hop, R&B, electro and Detroit techno [s1]. The fast mixing of Jeff Mills inspired many of them [s1]. The music of 2 Live Crew was also an influence [s1]. DJ Godfather and DJ Assault became the well-known producers [s1]. Labels such as Twilight 76 and Databass released the records [s1]. A fast Detroit dance called the jit goes with the music [s1]. Ghettotech is still played at Detroit festivals [s1].","sound":["Fast four-on-the-floor rhythms","Electro and Miami bass sounds","Crude, repeated vocals","A raw, gritty mix","Rapped verses and call-and-response"],"figures":[{"name":"DJ Godfather","role":"Detroit DJ and producer central to ghettotech","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"DJ Assault","role":"Detroit producer behind a ghettotech hit","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Jeff Mills","role":"Detroit DJ whose fast mixing inspired the style","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Detroit Grand Pubahs","role":"Detroit act with records in the style","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Twilight 76","city":"Detroit","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Databass","city":"Detroit","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Intuit-Solar","city":"Detroit","founded":1995,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"DJ Assault","title":"Ass N Titties","year":1999,"label":"Intuit-Solar","catalogNumber":"ITU 012","why":"A crude, funny ghettotech record that became the style's well-known track.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/6909-DJ-Assault-Ass-N-Titties-2001","youtube":{"id":"0bVoyCnx4vM","channel":"DJ Assault","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"eu2OYcgr4rM","channel":"DJ Assault","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"DJ Godfather feat. DJ Omega","title":"Electro-Ghetto","year":2001,"label":"Twilight 76","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A ghettotech record that shows the electro side of the style.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1512176-DJ-Godfather-Electro-Ghetto","youtube":{"id":"PNLIjBkcKRA","channel":"DJ Godfather - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"6Zi7XVgxePs","channel":"DJ Godfather - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Detroit Grand Pubahs","title":"Sandwiches","year":2000,"label":"Intuit-Solar","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A Detroit electro and ghettotech track with a famous vocal hook.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2878924-Detroit-Grand-Pubahs-Sandwiches","youtube":{"id":"LJXuVlrTR5M","channel":"Detroit Grand Pubahs - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"KAMoI1xHSs4","channel":"Detroit Grand Pubahs - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"detroit-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Ghettotech is a fast, vocal form of Detroit techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"ghetto-house","type":"fusion_of","note":"It mixes Chicago ghetto house into the Detroit sound.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"electro","type":"fusion_of","note":"Electro and Miami bass gave it its machine beats.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Ghettotech","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghettotech","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Ghettotech: An Oral History","author":"Ray Philp","publisher":"Red Bull Music Academy Daily","year":2017,"url":"https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2017/05/ghettotech-oral-history","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Ghettotech is close to ghetto house and electro. The start date of the DJing style (late 1980s) is earlier than the records (mid-1990s)."],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"gqom","name":"Gqom","aliases":["Igqomu","Sgubhu"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2010,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2015,"peakEnd":2020},"origins":[{"city":"Durban","country":"South Africa"}],"bpm":{"min":118,"max":130,"typical":125},"summary":"Dark, broken Durban house and techno with heavy bass and no four-to-the-floor kick.","history":"Gqom is a South African electronic dance music genre from Durban [s1]. It appeared in the early 2010s [s1]. Producers such as Naked Boyz, Rudeboyz, Griffit Vigo and DJ Lag created it [s1]. The music is minimal, raw and repetitive, with heavy bass [s1]. It does not use the usual four-on-the-floor house rhythm [s1]. Instead, it uses broken and syncopated drum patterns [s1]. The sound mixes elements of kwaito, afro house, tribal house and broken beat with techno [s1]. The word gqom comes from a Zulu sound that copies a hitting drum [s1]. The label Gqom Oh! and the DJ Lag helped the style travel outside South Africa [s2]. Gqom became known internationally around 2016 and 2017 [s2]. It is often played loudly in taxis and at street parties in Durban [s2]. The style has since mixed with amapiano and afro tech [s1]. The music is often made for very loud sound systems [s2].","sound":["Heavy, deep bass","Broken, syncopated drums","No four-to-the-floor kick","Dark, minimal sounds","Shouted or sampled vocals"],"figures":[{"name":"DJ Lag","role":"Durban producer who carried gqom worldwide","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Rudeboyz","role":"Early Durban gqom producers","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Griffit Vigo","role":"Early gqom producer","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Naked Boyz","role":"Early gqom producers","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Gqom Oh!","city":"Durban","founded":2016,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Afrotainment","city":"Durban","founded":2005,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Kalawa Jazmee","city":"Johannesburg","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"DJ Lag","title":"Ice Drop","year":2016,"label":"Gqom Oh!","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A gqom track that helped the Durban sound travel internationally.","evidence":["s1","s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=DJ+Lag+Ice+Drop&type=release","youtube":{"id":"9ycr4BI8I94","channel":"180 Fact","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"AmdvWry-9QI","channel":"DJ LAG","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Distruction Boyz","title":"Omunye","year":2017,"label":"Afrotainment","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A gqom hit that became popular across South Africa.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Distruction+Boyz+Omunye&type=release","youtube":{"id":"26-dVJa5Ejc","channel":"DISTRUCTION BOYZ - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"f-rmvfjV_Nc","channel":"DISTRUCTION BOYZ - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Dlala Thukzin","title":"iPlan","year":2023,"label":"Afrotainment","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A later track that mixes gqom with amapiano and afro tech.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Dlala+Thukzin+iPlan&type=release","youtube":{"id":"qX8a8tR90Kg","channel":"Dlala Thukzin","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"IiD7CA5TFjQ","channel":"Virgin Music Group SA","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"afro-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Gqom grew from the South African house and afro house scene.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"kwaito","type":"influenced","note":"It keeps the local, township feel of kwaito.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"deep-tech","type":"influenced","note":"Its stripped, dark groove is close to deep tech.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Gqom","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gqom","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"South Africa's 'Gqom' Club Sound is Hard to Describe, Easy to Feel","author":"Josh Feola","publisher":"Bandcamp Daily","year":2017,"url":"https://daily.bandcamp.com/scene-report/gqom-club-sound-label-profile","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Gqom has several sub-styles (sgubhu, 3-step, gqom 2.0). Only the root node is added in V2."],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"hard-techno","name":"Hard Techno","aliases":["Hardtechno"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1993,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1998,"peakEnd":2008},"origins":[{"city":"Rotterdam","country":"Netherlands"},{"city":"Frankfurt","country":"Germany"}],"bpm":{"min":135,"max":155,"typical":145},"summary":"A fast, loud and forceful form of techno made for energetic club crowds.","history":"Hard techno became a clear style in the 1990s [s1]. It takes techno and makes it faster, louder and more forceful, with a strong kick drum and simple, hard sounds [s2]. Producers in the Netherlands and Germany led the way [s1]. Speedy J's 'Pullover' (1991) was an early record with a hard, machine-like sound [s1]. Chris Liebing's 'Analogon' (1999) became a well-known hard techno track [s1][s2]. Thomas Schumacher's 'When I Rock' (1998) was another widely played record [s2]. The style is common at large clubs and festivals and is often played at high speed [s1]. It is closely related to schranz, a harder German form [s2]. Hard techno became popular again in the 2020s with a new, faster generation of DJs [s1]. The style is often played at large clubs such as those in Berlin and Rotterdam. DJs use it to raise the energy of a crowd during the busiest part of a night [s1].","sound":["A very strong, fast kick drum","Loud, hard percussion","Simple, aggressive synth lines","High speed, often above 140 BPM","A powerful, energetic mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Speedy J","role":"Dutch producer behind 'Pullover'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Chris Liebing","role":"German DJ and founder of CLR","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Thomas Schumacher","role":"German producer behind 'When I Rock'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Len Faki","role":"German DJ and producer in the hard techno scene","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"CLR","city":"Frankfurt","founded":1999,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Bush Records","city":"London","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Plus 8","city":"Windsor","founded":1990,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Speedy J","title":"Pullover","year":1991,"label":"Plus 8","catalogNumber":"PLUS8071X","why":"An early hard techno record with a forceful, machine-like sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3837-Speedy-J-Pullover-Original-Demo-Mix","youtube":{"id":"CHsNQlboq-8","channel":"P D","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"Y0-gIrH9vic","channel":"suhoruch","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Thomas Schumacher","title":"When I Rock","year":1997,"label":"Bush Records","catalogNumber":"BUSH1050","why":"A widely played hard techno record.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/18899866-Thomas-Schumacher-When-I-Rock","youtube":{"id":"lNjQ0Z7lkdY","channel":"Thomas Schumacher - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"6BFxY_Rd6GQ","channel":"Yvan Guigonis","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Chris Liebing","title":"Analogon","year":1999,"label":"CLR","catalogNumber":"CLR07","why":"A key hard techno track from a central German producer.","evidence":["s1","s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/6849468-Chris-Liebing-Analogon-EP","youtube":{"id":"4Yj2mPDgFgE","channel":"Chris Liebing TM","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"hgmNaQWgNys","channel":"Henrik Fodor","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"detroit-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hard techno is a faster and louder form of the original Detroit techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"industrial","type":"influenced","note":"Its forceful, machine sounds come partly from industrial music.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Diving through hardcore techno subgenres: history and artists","author":null,"publisher":"6AM Group","year":null,"url":"https://6amgroup.com/articles/guides-all/diving-through-hardcore-techno-subgenres-history-and-artists","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"What is hard techno?","author":null,"publisher":"EDMProd","year":null,"url":"https://www.edmprod.com/what-is-hard-techno/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Hard techno has no single origin story; the Netherlands, Germany and Britain all played a part."],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"hardgroove","name":"Hardgroove","aliases":["Hard groove","Funky techno"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1996,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1999,"peakEnd":2010},"origins":[{"city":"Birmingham","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":130,"max":145,"typical":138},"summary":"Fast, loop-based techno with a strong, funky drum groove.","history":"Hardgroove is a form of techno that puts the groove first [s1]. It uses fast, looped drum patterns and short samples, and the drums are played with a funky, swinging feel [s1]. The style grew in Britain in the late 1990s around producers such as Ben Sims [s1]. Ben Sims's 'Manipulated' (1999) is one of the records most often named with the style [s1]. Mark Broom and the duo Technasia also made hardgroove tracks [s1]. The word hardgroove comes from the name of Ben Sims's label, Hardgroove, which released many of these records [s1]. Some writers now use the word loosely for any techno with a loop, which producers say is wrong [s1]. The sound returned to fashion in the 2020s, especially in Europe [s1]. The style is often played by DJs who mix quickly and use several records at once. Many of the records are made mainly for other DJs to play [s1]. It remains a British club sound rather than a radio one [s2].","sound":["Fast, looped drum patterns","A funky, swinging rhythm","Short vocal or drum samples","Little melody, lots of groove","A hard but danceable feel"],"figures":[{"name":"Ben Sims","role":"British producer and founder of Hardgroove","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Mark Broom","role":"British producer of hardgroove tracks","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Technasia","role":"Hong Kong-French project that made funky techno","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Paul Mac","role":"British producer in the hardgroove scene","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Hardgroove","city":"London","founded":1998,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Prime","city":"London","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Technasia","city":"Hong Kong","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Ben Sims","title":"Manipulated","year":1999,"label":"Prime","catalogNumber":null,"why":"One of the records most often named with hardgroove.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/16733-Ben-Sims-Manipulated-Remixes","youtube":{"id":"doZUEByeICA","channel":"Maikel Jotafox","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"nMK-yZVKFzs","channel":"TECHNO","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Technasia","title":"Force","year":2000,"label":"Technasia","catalogNumber":"TA05","why":"A funky, loop-based techno record often linked with hardgroove.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3898708-Technasia-Force","youtube":{"id":"FTHYeoe7fAA","channel":"Technasia Archive","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"pel9YYoeAP4","channel":"Technasia","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Mark Broom","title":"Angie Is a Shoplifter","year":1996,"label":"Pure Plastic","catalogNumber":"PP008","why":"An early British funky techno record linked to the hardgroove sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/4089925-Mark-Broom-Angie-Is-A-Shoplifter","youtube":{"id":"ciKclt8pFmk","channel":"josejulian1980 A.R.C","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"detroit-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Hardgroove keeps the basic machine beat of Detroit techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"uk-techno","type":"influenced","note":"It comes from the same British techno scene.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"funk-boogie","type":"influenced","note":"Its swinging, funky drum feel comes from funk.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Exploring the hardgroove genre","author":null,"publisher":"MusicRadar","year":null,"url":"https://www.musicradar.com/tutorials/music-production-tutorials/calling-anything-with-a-loop-or-sample-in-it-hardgroove-is-kinda-annoying-and-often-misunderstands-what-the-sound-actually-is-exploring-the-hardgroove-genre","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Techno","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techno","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":["https://learningtodj.com/blog/btd002-chris-chambers/"],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["The word hardgroove is sometimes applied to any loop-based techno, which the scene itself disputes."],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"hypnotic-techno","name":"Hypnotic Techno","aliases":["Hypnotic techno","Deep techno"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":true,"era":{"start":2008,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2012,"peakEnd":null},"origins":[{"city":"Rome","country":"Italy"},{"city":"Madrid","country":"Spain"}],"bpm":{"min":125,"max":138,"typical":132},"summary":"Slow-changing, deeply atmospheric techno that repeats small details to create a trance-like state.","history":"Hypnotic techno is a name used from the late 2000s for deep, repeating techno [s1]. The tracks change very slowly and use small sounds that repeat and shift, creating a trance-like effect [s1]. Italian producer Donato Dozzy is one of its widely known artists [s1]. His track 'Cassandra' (2010) is a calm, rolling example of the style [s1]. The Spanish producer Oscar Mulero also made important records, such as 'Involuntary Response' (2013) [s1]. The style is often played in long DJ sets in dark clubs [s1]. The name hypnotic techno is used more by listeners and download stores than by the artists themselves [s1]. It is close to deep techno and to the softer end of minimal techno [s1]. The style is often played in long sets that last several hours. DJs mix the tracks slowly so the listener loses track of time, and producers often release them on vinyl in limited numbers [s2].","sound":["Small details that repeat and change slowly","A steady, rolling beat","Deep, atmospheric sound design","Very long tracks","A trance-like, meditative mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Donato Dozzy","role":"Italian producer and DJ","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Oscar Mulero","role":"Spanish producer and label owner","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Voices from the Lake","role":"Project of Donato Dozzy and Neel","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Peter Van Hoesen","role":"Belgian producer in the deeper techno scene","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Spazio Disponibile","city":"Rome","founded":2014,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Warm Up","city":"Madrid","founded":2001,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Prologue","city":"Munich","founded":2007,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Donato Dozzy","title":"Cassandra","year":2010,"label":"Claque Musique","catalogNumber":"CLQMUSIQUE016","why":"A calm, rolling record often named as a hypnotic techno example.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/8018804-Donato-Dozzy-Cassandra","youtube":{"id":"q6m1b8GSW4g","channel":"Donato Dozzy - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"PfakZE3-_bs","channel":"Donato Dozzy - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Donato Dozzy & Anna Caragnano","title":"Parola (Rework)","year":2015,"label":"Spazio Disponibile","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A hypnotic techno track built from a repeating sung phrase.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Donato+Dozzy+Anna+Caragnano+Parola&type=release","youtube":{"id":"I9MEddhzBn8","channel":"Donato Dozzy - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"SvzpP_1urPo","channel":"HATE","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Oscar Mulero","title":"Involuntary Response","year":2013,"label":"Warm Up","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A hypnotic techno track from one of the style's main producers.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Oscar+Mulero+Involuntary+Response&type=release","youtube":{"id":"JmayPzs0vQo","channel":"Oscar Mulero - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"minimal-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hypnotic techno grew from the stripped-back, repeating side of minimal techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"dub-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its deep, echoing atmosphere is close to dub techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"ambient-techno","type":"influenced","note":"The calm, spacious side comes from ambient techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"From classical music to hypnotic techno","author":null,"publisher":"HEDON Sonance","year":null,"url":"https://www.hedonsonance.com/blog/from-classical-music-to-hypnotic-techno","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Techno","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techno","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Hypnotic techno is mostly a listener and store category, and it overlaps with deep and minimal techno."],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"industrial-techno","name":"Industrial Techno","aliases":["Industrial techno","Dark techno"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2008,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2011,"peakEnd":2019},"origins":[{"city":"Berlin","country":"Germany"},{"city":"Birmingham","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":130,"max":150,"typical":138},"summary":"A very heavy techno style with distorted drums, noise and industrial textures.","history":"Industrial techno grew in the late 2000s from the meeting of techno and industrial music [s1]. It uses loud, distorted drums, harsh noise and machine-like rhythms [s1]. The style is darker and heavier than most club techno [s2]. Producers such as Perc, Silent Servant and Regis were important in its early years [s1]. Perc's 'Look What Your Love Has Done To Me' (2011) was a widely played record with a distorted bass [s1]. Silent Servant's 'Utopian Disaster (End)' (2012) added echo and a cold, empty feeling [s2]. Regis's 'Blood Witness' (2011) came from the Birmingham techno tradition and pushed it further [s2]. The style is common in Berlin and at darker club nights around the world [s1]. It also influenced the sound of the 2010s warehouse revival [s2]. The style is often played in dark, small clubs and at festivals with heavy sound systems. Many of the records are released on vinyl in limited runs [s1].","sound":["Loud, distorted drum sounds","Harsh noise and machine textures","A fast, driving beat","Very dark and serious mood","Few melodies, lots of rhythm"],"figures":[{"name":"Perc","role":"British producer and founder of Perc Trax","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Silent Servant","role":"American producer in the industrial techno scene","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Regis","role":"Birmingham producer behind Downwards","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Ancient Methods","role":"German project known for harsh industrial techno","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Perc Trax","city":"London","founded":2004,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Hospital Productions","city":"New York City","founded":1997,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Downwards","city":"Birmingham","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Regis","title":"Blood Witness","year":2011,"label":"Downwards","catalogNumber":"LINO 100","why":"A key industrial techno record from the Birmingham tradition.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/12959585-Regis-Blood-Witness","youtube":{"id":"nEJtHibHbBc","channel":"Regis - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"MkZbQVYRjRs","channel":"HATE Lab","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Perc","title":"Look What Your Love Has Done To Me","year":2011,"label":"Perc Trax","catalogNumber":"TPT085","why":"A widely played industrial techno record with a distorted bass.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/13911519-Perc-Look-What-Your-Love-Has-Done-To-Me-Remixed","youtube":{"id":"fhgfahfKlH8","channel":"Perc Trax","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"4u5qnqRlH9E","channel":"Perc Trax","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Silent Servant","title":"Utopian Disaster (End)","year":2012,"label":"Hospital Productions","catalogNumber":"HOS356","why":"An industrial techno track with echo, noise and a cold mood.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/15760476-Silent-Servant-Negative-Fascination-Extended-12-Mixes","youtube":{"id":"tWJGZoseWys","channel":"PatV forMatt","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"ONSblafTtaQ","channel":"Silent Servant - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"industrial","type":"evolved_from","note":"Industrial techno grew from industrial music and its harsh sounds.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"uk-techno","type":"influenced","note":"The Birmingham dark techno sound is a direct ancestor.","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"id":"hard-techno","type":"fusion_of","note":"Its speed and force come from hard techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Industrial techno","author":null,"publisher":"Soundbridge","year":null,"url":"https://soundbridge.io/industrial-techno","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"What is industrial techno? Here's what you need to know","author":null,"publisher":"6AM Group","year":null,"url":"https://6amgroup.com/articles/guides-all/what-is-industrial-techno-heres-what-you-need-to-know","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Industrial techno overlaps with hard techno and dark techno, and the names are often used interchangeably."],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"japanese-techno","name":"Japanese Techno","aliases":["Tokyo Techno"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1993,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1995,"peakEnd":2010},"origins":[{"city":"Tokyo","country":"Japan"}],"bpm":{"min":125,"max":140,"typical":132},"summary":"Japanese techno, known for a precise, stripped and often melodic sound.","history":"Japanese techno is the techno scene and sound of Japan [s1]. Its roots go back to the late 1970s and the electronic pop of Yellow Magic Orchestra [s1]. In the 1990s, Japanese producers joined the global techno scene [s1]. Ken Ishii became internationally known after releasing records on the Belgian label R&S [s1][s2]. His track 'Extra' was a hit in clubs around the world [s2]. Takkyu Ishino and Co-Fusion also became well-known names [s1]. The music is often precise and carefully made [s3]. Some producers use stripped, hypnotic patterns, while others use strong melodies [s3]. Tokyo clubs such as Liquidroom and Womb became centres of the scene [s1]. DJ Nobu and Fumiya Tanaka are known for long, hypnotic DJ sets [s3]. Japanese rhythm games also helped techno reach young players [s3]. The scene is still active and respected around the world [s3]. Japanese producers are also known for live hardware performances [s3].","sound":["Precise, clean production","Stripped or hypnotic patterns","Strong melodies on some tracks","A dark, patient club feel","Machine-like rhythms"],"figures":[{"name":"Ken Ishii","role":"Japanese producer who became known worldwide in the 1990s","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Takkyu Ishino","role":"Japanese techno producer and DJ","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Co-Fusion","role":"Japanese techno act","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"DJ Nobu","role":"Japanese DJ known for hypnotic sets","sourceRefs":["s3"]}],"labels":[{"name":"R&S Records","city":"Ghent","founded":1984,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Sublime Records","city":"Tokyo","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Music Mine","city":"Tokyo","founded":1995,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Ken Ishii","title":"Extra","year":1995,"label":"R&S Records","catalogNumber":"RS 95064","why":"A Japanese techno track that became an international club hit.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/20443-Ken-Ishii-Extra","youtube":{"id":"6Rvnh3T4s6g","channel":"KEN ISHII OFFICIAL","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"-DJzP3EoOwM","channel":"Ken Ishii - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Takkyu Ishino","title":"Stereo Nights","year":1995,"label":"Sony Music","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A well-known Japanese techno record from the 1990s.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/112072-Takkyu-Ishino-Stereo-Nights","youtube":{"id":"b6kATM1q4XQ","channel":"TakkyuIshinoVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"Q1JiSpjRetE","channel":"Takkyu Ishino - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Co-Fusion","title":"Strutin","year":1998,"label":"Sublime Records","catalogNumber":"MKCS-1017","why":"A Japanese techno track from a long-running act.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3456868-Co-Fusion-Strutin-Remixes-EP","youtube":{"id":"Z06wF68px3E","channel":"musicmineinc","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"dPKu02QUVrQ","channel":"yumiko","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"detroit-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Japanese techno grew from the global techno sound, especially Detroit techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"berlin-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its dark, hypnotic side is close to Berlin techno.","sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"id":"synth-pop","type":"influenced","note":"Japan's early electronic pop is one of its roots.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Techno","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techno","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"A deep dive into techno history - an interview with Ken Ishii","author":null,"publisher":"Japan Vibe","year":2024,"url":"https://japanvibe.net/a-deep-dive-into-techno-history-an-interview-with-ken-ishii","type":"interview","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Meet the artists shaping Japan's vital techno underground","author":null,"publisher":"DJ Mag","year":null,"url":"https://djmag.com/content/meet-artists-shaping-japan%E2%80%99s-vital-techno-underground","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Japanese techno is a national scene rather than one exact sound. The title is descriptive and may be a marketing-style label."],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"lo-fi-techno","name":"Lo-Fi Techno","aliases":["Lofi Techno"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1992,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2010,"peakEnd":2022},"origins":[{"city":"The Hague","country":"Netherlands"},{"city":"Detroit","country":"United States"}],"bpm":{"min":118,"max":135,"typical":128},"summary":"Rough, hardware-made techno with a muffled, low-fidelity mix.","history":"Lo-fi techno is rough, hardware-made techno with a deliberately dull or noisy sound [s1]. It uses cheap drum machines, old synthesizers and tape or low-quality recording [s1]. The low quality is part of the style, not a mistake [s1]. In the early 1990s, producers in The Hague released this kind of music on the label Bunker [s2]. Unit Moebius and Legowelt were among the well-known names [s2]. The sound was raw and simple, close to acid and electro [s2]. In the 2010s a new group of producers returned to this rough style [s3]. Skee Mask and the label Ilian Tape are examples [s3]. The music often has a warm, dusty and slightly broken feel [s1]. Some tracks also use breakbeats and ambient textures [s3]. Lo-fi techno is not a fixed scene [s1]. The name describes a way of producing and mixing more than one exact sound [s1].","sound":["A muffled, low-fidelity mix","Warm, dusty drum machines","Simple, rough melodies","Tape or noise textures","A raw, unpolished feel"],"figures":[{"name":"Unit Moebius","role":"Dutch act central to the Bunker lo-fi sound","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Legowelt","role":"Dutch producer with a raw, hardware sound","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Skee Mask","role":"Producer linked to the 2010s lo-fi and breakbeat techno revival","sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Danny Wolfers","role":"Another name used by Legowelt","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Bunker Records","city":"The Hague","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Ilian Tape","city":"Munich","founded":2007,"sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Cocoon Recordings","city":"Frankfurt","founded":2000,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Unit Moebius","title":"Eleusos","year":1992,"label":"Bunker Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early Bunker record that shows the rough, hardware sound.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Unit+Moebius+Eleusos&type=release","youtube":{"id":"uOthDBG8WbM","channel":"Unit Moebius - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"Legowelt","title":"Disco Rout","year":2002,"label":"Cocoon Recordings","catalogNumber":"COR12004","why":"A raw, melodic techno track from a Dutch hardware producer.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/15794050-Legowelt-Disco-Rout","youtube":{"id":"ev41VNFIGg8","channel":"Legowelt - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"qbjCmA7AShw","channel":"Legowelt - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Skee Mask","title":"Routine","year":2017,"label":"Ilian Tape","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A later lo-fi techno track with ambient and breakbeat textures.","evidence":["s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Skee+Mask+Routine&type=release","youtube":{"id":"D5LkLmxcgIQ","channel":"ILIAN TAPE","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"detroit-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its warmth and simple melodies come from Detroit techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"acid-house","type":"influenced","note":"Its rough drum-machine sound is close to acid house.","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"id":"electro","type":"influenced","note":"Some lo-fi techno uses electro beats and machine sounds.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Lo-fi music","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo-fi_music","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"What is Raw & Hypnotic Techno?","author":null,"publisher":"sinee.de","year":null,"url":"https://sinee.de/en/magazine/what-is-raw-hypnotic-techno-what-defines-the-underground-sub-genre-and-where-it-comes-from","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Raw Techno","author":null,"publisher":"Melodigging","year":null,"url":"https://www.melodigging.com/genre/raw-techno","type":"database","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"low","openQuestions":["Lo-fi techno is not a well-documented scene; most writing is about 'lo-fi music' generally or about raw techno. Proposal: consider merging lo-fi-techno and raw-deep-techno if the editor finds them indistinguishable. The Unit Moebius backup could not be verified and is null."],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"melodic-house-and-techno","name":"Melodic House and Techno","aliases":["Melodic techno","Melodic house"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":true,"era":{"start":2012,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2016,"peakEnd":null},"origins":[{"city":"Berlin","country":"Germany"},{"city":"Amsterdam","country":"Netherlands"}],"bpm":{"min":118,"max":126,"typical":122},"summary":"A slow, emotional mix of house and techno built on strong melodies and deep bass.","history":"Melodic house and techno is a name used from the early 2010s for dance music that puts melody and emotion first [s1]. It mixes the beat of house and techno with long, sad or hopeful synthesizer lines and deep bass [s1]. The German producer Âme's 'Rej' (2005) is often named as an early record in this style [s1]. The label Innervisions and the duo Tale of Us helped make the sound popular [s2]. Tale of Us's 'North Star' (2013) and Maceo Plex's 'Conjure Dreams' (2014) are well-known tracks [s1]. Stephan Bodzin's 'Powers of Ten' (2015) is another [s1]. The Afterlife party and label, run by Tale of Us, became a central platform for the style [s2]. The name is used by download stores and festivals, and the artists often describe their music simply as house or techno [s1]. The style is popular at festivals and in large clubs, and is often played at sunset or in the early hours of the morning [s1].","sound":["Strong, emotional synthesizer melodies","Deep, rolling basslines","A steady mid-tempo house or techno beat","Long, patient arrangements","A dramatic, often sad mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Âme","role":"German duo of Kristian Rädle and Frank Wiedemann","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Tale of Us","role":"Italian duo behind Afterlife","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Stephan Bodzin","role":"German producer known for melodic techno","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Maceo Plex","role":"American producer of melodic techno","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Innervisions","city":"Berlin","founded":2005,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Afterlife","city":"Berlin","founded":2016,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Drumcode","city":"Stockholm","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Âme","title":"Rej","year":2005,"label":"Innervisions","catalogNumber":"INNERVISIONS02, SK078","why":"An early record often named as a starting point for melodic house and techno.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/528435","youtube":{"id":"N6uFc451SG0","channel":"Innervisions","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"VkWg1xOQwTI","channel":"Defected Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Maceo Plex","title":"Conjure Dreams","year":2014,"label":"Drumcode","catalogNumber":"DC136","why":"A widely played melodic techno track.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/6585672-Maceo-Plex-Conjure-Infinity","youtube":{"id":"b2RcZQNMy5s","channel":"drumcodeofficial","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"xniva-riWy8","channel":"Maceo Plex","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Stephan Bodzin","title":"Powers of Ten","year":2015,"label":"Herzblut Recordings","catalogNumber":"HERZBLUT 50-2","why":"A well-known melodic techno record built on a long synth line.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/10235401-Stephan-Bodzin-Powers-Of-Ten","youtube":{"id":"8hrOW_psDlc","channel":"STEPHAN BODZIN","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"deep-house","type":"influenced","note":"Melodic house and techno uses the warm chords and bass of deep house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"minimal-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its patient structure comes from minimal techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"progressive-house","type":"influenced","note":"Long builds and emotional melodies come from progressive house.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"What is melodic techno music?","author":null,"publisher":"Splice","year":null,"url":"https://splice.com/blog/what-is-melodic-techno-music","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Tale of Us","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tale_of_Us","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":["https://learningtodj.com/blog/10-melodic-house-tracks-that-shaped-the-genre/"],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Melodic house and techno is mainly a store category and a festival billing, not a scene the artists named themselves."],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"minimal-techno","name":"Minimal Techno","aliases":["Minimal techno"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1992,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1994,"peakEnd":2005},"origins":[{"city":"Detroit","country":"United States"},{"city":"Windsor","country":"Canada"}],"bpm":{"min":125,"max":140,"typical":132},"summary":"A stripped-back techno style that uses only a few sounds and repeats them in small changes.","history":"Minimal techno grew out of Detroit techno in the early 1990s [s1]. Producers removed extra sounds and kept only what was needed for the groove [s1]. Robert Hood's album 'Minimal Nation' (1994) gave the style its name and showed how powerful a few elements could be [s2]. Richie Hawtin, recording as Plastikman, released 'Spastik' in 1993, a track built on one repeating drum figure [s1]. Jeff Mills's 'The Bells' (1996) was another track that used very few sounds and became famous [s1]. The style is often linked with the city of Detroit and with the nearby Canadian city of Windsor, where Hawtin lived [s1]. It influenced microhouse, minimal house and much of the techno that followed [s1]. Later producers pushed the idea even further, using almost no melody at all [s2]. The style is often played by DJs who mix three or four records at once. It influenced many later forms of techno and house music [s3].","sound":["Very few sounds used at once","Short, repeated drum and bass loops","Small changes over a long time","A dry, clean production","A hypnotic, machine-like feel"],"figures":[{"name":"Robert Hood","role":"Detroit producer behind 'Minimal Nation'","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Richie Hawtin (Plastikman)","role":"Producer who made 'Spastik'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Jeff Mills","role":"Detroit producer behind 'The Bells'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Daniel Bell","role":"Detroit producer known for minimal tracks","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Axis Records","city":"Detroit","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Plus 8","city":"Windsor","founded":1990,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Purpose Maker","city":"Detroit","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Plastikman","title":"Spastik","year":1993,"label":"Plus 8","catalogNumber":"PLUS8078","why":"A famous minimal techno track built on one repeating drum figure.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/80754-Plastikman-Spastik","youtube":{"id":"6TYsOMYaz6E","channel":"Richie Hawtin","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"Nsct-e-HVE0","channel":"ovokx","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Robert Hood","title":"Minimal Nation","year":1994,"label":"Axis Records","catalogNumber":"AX-007","why":"The record that named minimal techno and defined its sound.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2386-Robert-Hood-Minimal-Nation","youtube":{"id":"Ru6HZYhEYv0","channel":"DJ Gilgamesh","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"Jeff Mills","title":"The Bells","year":1996,"label":"Purpose Maker","catalogNumber":"PM-020","why":"A widely known minimal techno record built from very few sounds.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/616407-Jeff-Mills-The-Bells-10th-Anniversary","youtube":{"id":"S-BlgAQ7uRQ","channel":"Jeff Mills - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"KevUFO2moZI","channel":"BelfastPlayBoy","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"detroit-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Minimal techno developed directly from Detroit techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"acid-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Some minimal records share the acid sound's simple, repeating lines.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Minimal techno","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_techno","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Robert Hood","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hood","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Techno Rebels: The Renegades of Electronic Funk","author":"Dan Sicko","publisher":"Billboard Books","year":1999,"url":null,"type":"book","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":["https://learningtodj.com/blog/berlin-techno-origins-after-the-wall/"],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"nortec","name":"Nortec","aliases":["Nor-tec"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1999,"startApprox":false,"peakStart":2001,"peakEnd":2008},"origins":[{"city":"Tijuana","country":"Mexico"}],"bpm":{"min":120,"max":140,"typical":130},"summary":"Mexican fusion of techno and electro with norteno and tambora brass.","history":"Nortec is a Mexican form of electronic dance music from Tijuana [s1][s2]. The name joins the words norteno and techno [s1]. It mixes hard dance beats with samples of traditional Mexican music [s1]. These samples include banda sinaloense and norteno music [s1]. Mexican horns and accordions are often used [s1]. The music also uses the tuba, clarinet and pumping bass drum of tambora [s1]. Nortec began in 1999, when Pepe Mogt sampled old banda and norteno records [s1]. He changed the sounds on his computer and with analog synthesizers [s1]. He gave the samples to friends and asked them to make new tracks [s1]. These tracks became the Nor-tec Sampler and the Tijuana Sessions albums [s1]. A visual group of designers and VJs works with the musicians at live shows [s1]. The Nortec Collective is the main group behind the style [s1]. It is well-known through the act Bostich + Fussible [s1].","sound":["Techno and electro beats","Norteno horns and accordion","Tambora bass drums","Sampled Mexican music","A mix of traditional and electronic sounds"],"figures":[{"name":"Pepe Mogt","role":"Founder of Nortec and the Nortec Collective","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Bostich + Fussible","role":"Best-known Nortec Collective act","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Fussible","role":"Member of the Nortec Collective","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Bostich","role":"Member of the Nortec Collective","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Mil Records","city":"Tijuana","founded":1999,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Nacional Records","city":"Los Angeles","founded":2004,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Palm Pictures","city":"New York","founded":1998,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Nortec Collective","title":"Tijuana Makes Me Happy","year":2005,"label":"Nacional Records","catalogNumber":"NACI 90741","why":"A well-known Nortec track that mixes horns with dance beats.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/6092626-Nortec-Collective-Tijuana-Makes-Me-Happy","youtube":{"id":"Tix3egCTJDk","channel":"NortecCollectiveVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"e_YnjiC5_rc","channel":"crossdoor","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Bostich + Fussible","title":"Tijuana Sound Machine","year":2008,"label":"Nacional Records","catalogNumber":"741360838567","why":"A Nortec Collective record built on norteno brass and electronic beats.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/11958693-Nortec-Collective-Presents-Bostich-Fussible-Tijuana-Sound-Machine","youtube":{"id":"o3jdKt8zhlo","channel":"NortecBF","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"vpa-AEO-Q-Y","channel":"ricardo romo gonzalez","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Fussible","title":"Casino Soul","year":2001,"label":"Palm Pictures","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A Nortec Collective side project with the style's brass sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Fussible+Casino+Soul&type=release","youtube":{"id":"j_-vAXlTa3I","channel":"PALM","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"xdvEZp8r1pg","channel":"Nacional Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"electro","type":"fusion_of","note":"Nortec mixes electro and techno with Mexican music.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"detroit-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its electronic side comes from techno and electro.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Nortec","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nortec","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Nortec Collective: Tijuana Sessions, Vol. 1","author":null,"publisher":"Pitchfork","year":2001,"url":"https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/1954-nortec-collective-tijuana-sessions-vol-1","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Nortec is a small, local scene and most writing is about the Nortec Collective rather than the genre as a whole."],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"peak-time-techno","name":"Peak-Time Techno","aliases":["Peak time techno","Big room techno"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":true,"era":{"start":2014,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2018,"peakEnd":null},"origins":[{"city":"Stockholm","country":"Sweden"},{"city":"Ghent","country":"Belgium"}],"bpm":{"min":128,"max":138,"typical":132},"summary":"A loud, direct techno style made for the busiest part of a big club night.","history":"Peak-time techno is a name used from the mid-2010s for techno made for the busiest part of a night [s1]. The records are direct and loud, with a strong kick, a simple lead sound and a big build-up [s1]. The style is popular at large clubs and festivals and is sold as its own chart category [s1]. The Swedish producer Adam Beyer and his label Drumcode are central to the sound [s1]. Adam Beyer and Bart Skils's 'Your Mind' (2018) is one of its widely known tracks [s1]. Charlotte de Witte's 'Doppler' (2019) and Amelie Lens's 'Hypnotized' (2016) were also widely played [s1]. The name peak-time techno comes from the moment in a club night when the room is fullest, not from a music scene [s1]. Critics say the records can sound alike, while supporters say the style works well on a large dance floor [s1]. Beatport lists the style as a chart category called Techno [Peak Time / Driving] [s1].","sound":["A strong, simple kick drum","Short, clear lead sounds","Big build-ups and drops","A loud, wide festival mix","A driving, high-energy mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Adam Beyer","role":"Swedish producer and founder of Drumcode","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Bart Skils","role":"Dutch producer and Drumcode artist","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Charlotte de Witte","role":"Belgian DJ, producer and founder of KNTXT","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Amelie Lens","role":"Belgian DJ and producer","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Drumcode","city":"Stockholm","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"KNTXT","city":"Ghent","founded":2018,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Second State","city":"Berlin","founded":2014,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Adam Beyer & Bart Skils","title":"Your Mind","year":2018,"label":"Drumcode","catalogNumber":"DC191","why":"One of the best-known peak-time techno tracks.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/12291495-Adam-Beyer-Bart-Skils-Your-Mind","youtube":{"id":"aU6z-pPEmY0","channel":"drumcodeofficial","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"5XFunmKxV-Y","channel":"White Noise Rabbit","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Charlotte de Witte","title":"Doppler","year":2019,"label":"KNTXT","catalogNumber":"KNTXT010","why":"A widely played peak-time techno record.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Charlotte+de+Witte+Doppler&type=release","youtube":{"id":"AS8Q_5knkrg","channel":"Charlotte de Witte","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"1-ZU3bCEGqQ","channel":"Charlotte de Witte","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Amelie Lens","title":"Hypnotized","year":2016,"label":"Second State","catalogNumber":"SNDST063","why":"A peak-time techno track that shows the style's direct, driving sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/15115208-Amelie-Lens-Hypnotized","youtube":{"id":"QW5mv0l6s0Q","channel":"Second State","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"Mt4YyoqhHuA","channel":"Amelie Lens","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"detroit-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Peak-time techno is a direct, loud form of Detroit-rooted club techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hard-techno","type":"influenced","note":"It shares the speed and force of hard techno.","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"id":"big-room","type":"influenced","note":"Its big build-ups come from festival big room house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Beatport insider: top-selling techno peak-time tracks, artists and labels","author":null,"publisher":"Beatportal","year":2023,"url":"https://www.beatportal.com/articles/298071-beatport-insider-top-selling-techno-peak-time-driving-tracks-artists-and-labels-2023","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Techno","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techno","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Peak-time techno is a store and chart category rather than a self-named scene."],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"raw-deep-techno","name":"Raw / Deep Techno","aliases":["Raw Techno","Deep Techno"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2008,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2012,"peakEnd":2022},"origins":[{"city":"Berlin","country":"Germany"}],"bpm":{"min":125,"max":135,"typical":130},"summary":"Stripped, groovy techno with a raw, low-mixed sound, revived in the 2010s.","history":"Raw deep techno is a stripped, saturated form of techno [s1]. It focuses on physical impact instead of a polished mix [s1]. The music uses pounding four-to-the-floor kicks and simple, repeating grooves [s1]. It began as a reaction to the clean, clicky minimal techno of the 2000s [s2]. Producers wanted a warmer, rawer and more human sound [s2]. Artists such as DVS1, Truncate and Developer became known for it in the 2010s [s1]. Labels such as Klockworks released many of the records [s1]. The style is close to hardgroove, which is also loop-based and groove-led [s2]. Raw deep techno is usually slower and less busy than hardgroove [s2]. It is also different from minimal techno, which has fewer sounds and a cleaner mix [s2]. Raw deep techno is mainly played in clubs and at techno events [s1]. It is popular with DJs who play long, hypnotic sets [s1].","sound":["A stripped, repeating groove","A raw, saturated kick","A low-mixed, warm sound","Few sounds in the arrangement","A hypnotic, rolling feel"],"figures":[{"name":"DVS1","role":"American producer and DJ central to the raw sound","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Truncate","role":"American producer of stripped, groove-led techno","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Developer","role":"American producer with a raw techno sound","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Ben Klock","role":"Berlin DJ whose label released raw techno","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Klockworks","city":"Berlin","founded":2006,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Truncate","city":"Los Angeles","founded":2011,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Modularz","city":"Los Angeles","founded":2010,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"DVS1","title":"Black Russian","year":2010,"label":"Klockworks","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A stripped, groovy techno record from a leader of the raw sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=DVS1+Black+Russian&type=release","youtube":{"id":"q0EhhWxFdWs","channel":"DVS1 - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"KLuv5kp2hgI","channel":"DANMX75","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Truncate","title":"Focus","year":2011,"label":"Truncate","catalogNumber":"TRUNCATE1","why":"A raw, looping techno track built for the dance floor.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2755109-Truncate-Concentrate-Focus","youtube":{"id":"5V2eHMkQUbU","channel":"Truncate - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"iB0b-hqSclk","channel":"A1A2B1B2","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Developer","title":"Raw Gram","year":2011,"label":"Modularz","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A raw techno track from a producer known for the stripped style.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Developer+Raw+Gram&type=release","youtube":{"id":"VmDNUc-fYCM","channel":"Developer - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"minimal-techno","type":"reaction_to","note":"Raw deep techno was partly a reaction against clean minimal techno.","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"id":"hardgroove","type":"influenced","note":"It shares hardgroove's loop-based, groove-led approach.","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"id":"detroit-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its warm, simple feel comes from Detroit techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Raw Techno","author":null,"publisher":"Melodigging","year":null,"url":"https://www.melodigging.com/genre/raw-techno","type":"database","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"What is Raw & Hypnotic Techno?","author":null,"publisher":"sinee.de","year":null,"url":"https://sinee.de/en/magazine/what-is-raw-hypnotic-techno-what-defines-the-underground-sub-genre-and-where-it-comes-from","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Raw deep techno overlaps hardgroove and minimal techno. The difference given here is its slower, stripped 2010s sound; a human should confirm whether it should be merged with hardgroove."],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"schranz","name":"Schranz","aliases":["Schranz"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1994,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1998,"peakEnd":2005},"origins":[{"city":"Frankfurt","country":"Germany"}],"bpm":{"min":140,"max":160,"typical":150},"summary":"A very fast, hard German techno style built on heavy drums and short, sharp loops.","history":"Schranz is a German word used for a very hard and fast form of techno [s1]. It grew in Frankfurt and other German cities in the 1990s [s1]. The music is built on loud, dry drums and short, repeating loops, with almost no melody [s2]. It is faster than most techno and is meant to sound aggressive and forceful [s1]. Chris Liebing, who comes from Frankfurt, became one of its widely known DJs and producers [s1]. Sven Väth used the word for his harder DJ sets and helped make it known [s1]. The style was strongest in Germany but was played across Europe [s1]. Some listeners use schranz as an insult for music they find too simple or too hard [s1][s2]. It is closely related to hard techno and industrial techno [s2]. The style was played at clubs such as Omen in Frankfurt and at large German events. Some DJs still use the word to describe their hardest sets [s1].","sound":["A very fast, heavy kick drum","Short, sharp repeating loops","Almost no melody","Dry, hard production","An aggressive, driving mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Chris Liebing","role":"Frankfurt DJ and producer linked to schranz","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Sven Väth","role":"German DJ who used the term for hard sets","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Sven Wittekind","role":"German producer known for hard schranz records","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Thomas Schumacher","role":"German producer in the hard techno scene","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"CLR","city":"Frankfurt","founded":1999,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Bush Records","city":"London","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Cocoon Recordings","city":"Frankfurt","founded":2000,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Chris Liebing","title":"Analogon","year":1999,"label":"CLR","catalogNumber":"CLR07","why":"A well-known hard, loop-based German techno track linked to schranz.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/6849468-Chris-Liebing-Analogon-EP","youtube":{"id":"4Yj2mPDgFgE","channel":"Chris Liebing TM","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"hgmNaQWgNys","channel":"Henrik Fodor","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Sven Väth","title":"Dein Schweiss","year":1999,"label":"Cocoon Recordings","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A hard German techno record tied to Sven Väth's schranz-era sets.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/92198-Sven-V%C3%A4th-Dein-Schweiss","youtube":{"id":"0xIHRtCZPVY","channel":"ORTHODOXX HD","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"Sven Wittekind","title":"Schranzgesteuert","year":2006,"label":"BluFin","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A record whose title names the style; widely known in the hard German scene.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Sven+Wittekind+Schranzgesteuert&type=release","youtube":{"id":"N4rRWTItYwk","channel":"gggtpa","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"hard-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Schranz is the fastest, hardest branch of German techno.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"detroit-techno","type":"influenced","note":"It keeps the basic Detroit techno beat but makes it much faster and harder.","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"id":"industrial","type":"influenced","note":"Its harsh, dry sound comes partly from industrial music.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Schranz","author":null,"publisher":"Soundbridge","year":null,"url":"https://www.soundbridge.io/schranz","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Techno","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techno","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"low","openQuestions":["Schranz is partly a slang term; some people use it to mean any hard German techno. Release years for 'Dein Schweiss' and 'Schranzgesteuert' should be checked on Discogs."],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"uk-techno","name":"UK Techno","aliases":["British techno","Birmingham techno"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1990,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1994,"peakEnd":2005},"origins":[{"city":"Birmingham","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":125,"max":140,"typical":133},"summary":"A hard, dark British techno sound with rough drums and industrial textures.","history":"British producers began making techno in the late 1980s and early 1990s [s1]. Orbital's 'Chime' (1989) was an early British techno hit and was played on television [s1]. In Birmingham, a darker and harder sound developed [s2]. Surgeon, Regis and their project British Murder Boys made records with rough drums, harsh noise and few melodies [s2]. Their labels, Downwards and Counter Balance, released much of this music [s2]. The style was often called Birmingham techno or dark techno [s2]. It was made for small, loud clubs rather than large festivals [s1]. This harsh sound later influenced industrial techno and the 2010s warehouse revival [s2]. British techno also includes many other sounds, from the melodic to the experimental [s1]. British producers also released techno on labels such as Blueprint and Surface. The scene had strong links with the country's free party and club culture [s1]. London club nights and record shops helped spread the sound [s1].","sound":["Hard, rough and distorted drums","Noisy, industrial textures","Very few melodies","A dark, serious mood","Fast, driving four-to-the-floor beats"],"figures":[{"name":"Surgeon","role":"Birmingham producer and member of British Murder Boys","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Regis","role":"Birmingham producer and founder of Downwards","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"British Murder Boys","role":"Duo of Surgeon and Regis","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Orbital","role":"British duo behind an early techno hit","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Downwards","city":"Birmingham","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Counter Balance","city":"Birmingham","founded":1995,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"FFRR","city":"London","founded":1986,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Orbital","title":"Chime","year":1989,"label":"FFRR","catalogNumber":"F 135","why":"An early British techno record that reached a wide audience.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2558121-Orbital-Chime","youtube":{"id":"HXU5Rxc3vBQ","channel":"infiltrate202","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"tg5eTjqefHM","channel":"London Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Surgeon","title":"Magneze","year":1994,"label":"Downwards","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A key Birmingham techno record with a hard, rough sound.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Surgeon+Magneze&type=release","youtube":{"id":"_S_rC85z8MI","channel":"POIC 000","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"MdVRB9GG_ek","channel":"Techno Scene","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"British Murder Boys","title":"Learn Your Lesson","year":2003,"label":"Counter Balance","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A record that shows the dark, experimental side of British techno.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/141768-British-Murder-Boys-Learn-Your-Lesson","youtube":{"id":"np75GrFK2k0","channel":"British Murder Boys - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"PnKYd7iKelY","channel":"Surgeon - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"detroit-techno","type":"influenced","note":"British producers were inspired by early Detroit records.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"industrial","type":"influenced","note":"The harsh, noisy sound comes from industrial music.","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"id":"ebm","type":"influenced","note":"The serious, machine-like feel is close to EBM.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Surgeon (musician)","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgeon_(musician)","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Birmingham dark techno album guide","author":null,"publisher":"Bandcamp Daily","year":null,"url":"https://daily.bandcamp.com/scene-report/birmingham-dark-techno-album-guide","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["UK techno covers many regional sounds; this entry focuses on the Birmingham and London club tradition."],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"warehouse-techno","name":"Warehouse Techno","aliases":["Rave revival","Warehouse revival"],"family":"techno","isMarketingLabel":true,"era":{"start":2011,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2012,"peakEnd":2016},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"Leeds","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":128,"max":145,"typical":136},"summary":"A 2010s British style that mixes hard techno with the energy and breaks of early rave music.","history":"Warehouse techno is a name used from around 2011 for a British revival of hard, rave-influenced techno [s1]. Young producers mixed the force of 1990s techno and rave records with modern production [s1]. The tracks often use broken beats, loud drums and rough, sampled sounds [s1]. Blawan, from London, became one of its widely known producers [s2]. His track 'Why They Hide Their Bodies Under My Garage?' (2012) is a good example. It has a heavy broken beat and a strange vocal [s1]. Randomer's 'Bring' (2014) and Karenn's 'Kind of Green' (2014) were also widely played [s1]. The music was made for small, dark clubs and warehouse parties rather than large festivals [s1]. The name warehouse techno comes from the parties where it is played, not from a single sound [s2]. The style was shared through small London labels and played at parties in warehouses and basements. It later influenced parts of the UK bass and techno scenes [s1].","sound":["Loud, rough drum sounds","Broken or off-beat rhythms","Hard, distorted bass","Strange vocal or noise samples","A raw, rave-like energy"],"figures":[{"name":"Blawan","role":"British producer and one of the style's best-known artists","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Randomer","role":"British producer behind 'Bring'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Karenn","role":"British duo of Blawan and Pariah","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Pariah","role":"British producer and member of Karenn","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Hinge Finger","city":"London","founded":2011,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Hemlock Recordings","city":"London","founded":2008,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"VOAM","city":"London","founded":2014,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Blawan","title":"Why They Hide Their Bodies Under My Garage?","year":2012,"label":"Hinge Finger","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A defining warehouse techno record with a heavy broken beat.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Blawan+Why+They+Hide+Their+Bodies&type=release","youtube":{"id":"1mR6zmSTDNE","channel":"the29novTHEATER","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"KL_Bbyi3ub8","channel":"more nonsense","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Randomer","title":"Bring","year":2013,"label":"Hemlock Recordings","catalogNumber":"HEK021","why":"A widely played warehouse techno track with a rough, driving sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/6197833-Randomer-Bring-Curtains","youtube":{"id":"fBbHJ2ojvwo","channel":"Randomer - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"CYkQdkeywZA","channel":"Resonance Techno","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Karenn","title":"Kind of Green","year":2014,"label":"VOAM","catalogNumber":"VOAM001","why":"A warehouse techno track from Blawan and Pariah's duo project.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/13578970-Karenn-Kind-Of-Green","youtube":{"id":"1NReBVqj8to","channel":"Karenn - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"uk-techno","type":"revival_of","note":"Warehouse techno brought back the hard British techno sound of the 1990s.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"breakbeat-hardcore","type":"influenced","note":"Its broken beats and rough energy come from early rave and hardcore.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"industrial-techno","type":"influenced","note":"The harsh, distorted sound is close to industrial techno.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Blawan","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blawan","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Blawan artist profile","author":null,"publisher":"Insomniac","year":null,"url":"https://www.insomniac.com/music/artists/blawan/","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Warehouse techno is a descriptive name used by listeners and writers; the producers did not form a single scene."],"color":"#4f9cf9"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"acid-trance","name":"Acid Trance","aliases":[],"family":"trance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1990,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1992,"peakEnd":1994},"origins":[{"city":"Frankfurt","country":"Germany"},{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":128,"max":145,"typical":138},"summary":"Early trance built around the squelchy sound of the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer.","history":"Acid trance was one of the first forms of trance [s1]. It appeared in Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and Britain in the early 1990s [s1]. The style is built on the Roland TB-303, a small bass synthesizer that makes a squelchy, acidic sound [s1][s2]. The machine had already been used in Chicago acid house [s2]. Early trance producers used long 303 lines as the main melody [s2]. Hardfloor, a German duo, released 'Acperience 1' in 1992 [s3]. Simon Berry made records as Union Jack and Art of Trance on his label Platipus [s2]. Tracks were often long and hypnotic, with a steady four-to-the-floor beat [s1]. Acid trance had a lot of crossover with the Goa trance scene in India [s2]. By the mid-1990s, softer pads and melodies became more common, and the acid sound faded [s1][s4]. Producers used the TB-303 again in later acid house and acid techno records [s4]. The style is seen as part of the 'first wave' of trance [s1].","sound":["Long, looping TB-303 basslines","A squelchy, acidic lead sound","A steady four-to-the-floor beat","Hypnotic repetition","Few or no vocals"],"figures":[{"name":"Hardfloor","role":"German duo known for acid trance records","sourceRefs":["s2","s3"]},{"name":"Simon Berry","role":"British producer behind Union Jack and Art of Trance","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Oliver Lieb","role":"German producer of early trance and acid records","sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Ramon Zenker","role":"Member of Hardfloor","sourceRefs":["s3"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Eye Q","city":"Frankfurt","founded":1991,"sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Harthouse","city":"Frankfurt","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Platipus","city":"London","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Union Jack","title":"Two Full Moons and a Trout","year":1994,"label":"Platipus","catalogNumber":"PLAT42","why":"A Platipus record that mixed acid lines with trance melodies.","evidence":["s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3382-Union-Jack-Two-Full-Moons-A-Trout","youtube":{"id":"B631aGiDcqs","channel":"Platipus","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"NSzLQp6EZCg","channel":"UNION JACK - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Art of Trance","title":"Deeper Than Deep","year":1993,"label":"Platipus","catalogNumber":"plat 1 cd","why":"An early acid trance track from the producer behind the Platipus label. The Third Eye Remix is the well-known version.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/546361-Art-Of-Trance-Deeper-Than-Deep-EP","youtube":{"id":"MXHT2Xc7BnM","channel":"Art Of Trance - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"Guj6DWiRJFo","channel":"Art Of Trance - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Hardfloor","title":"Acperience 1","year":1992,"label":"Eye Q","catalogNumber":"EYEUK018P3","why":"A central acid record whose long 303 line became a model for acid trance.","evidence":["s2","s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/55463","youtube":{"id":"Un4CeV_l3pI","channel":"HRDFLR","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"S6ruUooMK9w","channel":"HRDFLR","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"acid-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Acid trance used the same TB-303 sound as Chicago acid house.","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"id":"trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"It was one of the first styles inside the new trance scene.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"List of trance genres","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trance_genres","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"10 Trance Subgenres You Need to Know","author":"Deanna Rilling","publisher":"Insomniac","year":2015,"url":"https://www.insomniac.com/magazine/10-trance-subgenres-you-need-to-know","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Trance Music History - From The Early 1990s Till Today","author":"Arjan Rietveld","publisher":"Beatportal","year":2023,"url":"https://www.beatportal.com/articles/51518-beatports-definitive-history-of-trance","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s4","title":"Trance music","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trance_music","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["The exact first 'acid trance' record is not agreed. Hardfloor's 'Acperience 1' is dated 1992 by most sources but 1993 by MusicBrainz; the earlier date is used here, matching the site's acid techno entry."],"color":"#a06cd5"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"dark-psytrance","name":"Dark Psytrance","aliases":["Dark Psy","Darkpsy"],"family":"trance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1998,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2005,"peakEnd":2015},"origins":[{"city":"Berlin","country":"Germany"},{"city":"Moscow","country":"Russia"}],"bpm":{"min":148,"max":180,"typical":160},"summary":"The fast, dark and distorted end of the psychedelic trance spectrum.","history":"Dark psytrance is the heavy end of psychedelic trance [s1]. It is also called dark psy or darkpsy [s1]. The music is fast, usually starting at about 150 beats per minute and often going faster [s1]. It uses deep, distorted sounds and a serious or frightening mood [s1]. Producers often sample horror films instead of the science-fiction samples used in other psytrance [s1]. The style became recognisable after 2003, with artists in Germany, Russia and Brazil leading it [s1]. German producer Xenomorph released the album Cassandra's Nightmare in 1998, which influenced the sound [s1]. The album Radio by X-Dream, also from 1998, is another early influence [s1]. Dark psytrance is often played at night, and some related styles are called forest or hitech [s1][s2]. The music is mostly instrumental, though speech samples are common [s1]. It has a smaller audience than full-on but a dedicated one [s2].","sound":["Very fast tempos","Dark, distorted bass and leads","Horror-film speech samples","A serious or frightening mood","Complex, busy percussion"],"figures":[{"name":"Xenomorph","role":"German producer whose 1998 album shaped the style","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"X-Dream","role":"German duo whose album Radio was an early influence","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Kindzadza","role":"Russian producer in the dark psy scene","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Psykovsky","role":"Dark psytrance producer with a large catalogue","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Parvati Records","city":"Copenhagen","founded":2000,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Vertigo Records","city":"Moscow","founded":2003,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Osom Music","city":"Moscow","founded":2008,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Xenomorph","title":"Cassandra's Nightmare","year":1998,"label":"Koyote Records (2)","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early album track that influenced the dark psytrance sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/34368373-Xenomorph-Cassandras-Nightmare","youtube":{"id":"znBIo-UQ65s","channel":"Xenomorph - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"2XIwzFbl1oA","channel":"TeppoM","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Kindzadza","title":"Cristal Inside","year":2005,"label":"label unknown","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A dark psytrance track by a leading Russian producer.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Kindzadza+Cristal+Inside&type=release","youtube":{"id":"Rh4V7H0gnAY","channel":"Kindzadza - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"Psykovsky","title":"Unanga Raga","year":2010,"label":"label unknown","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A track listed among the artist's ten essential recordings.","evidence":["s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Psykovsky+Unanga+Raga&type=release","youtube":{"id":"HSuY06z4Lds","channel":"Underworlds Trance","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"psytrance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Dark psytrance is the darker, faster end of psytrance.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Psychedelic trance","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychedelic_trance","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"List of trance genres","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trance_genres","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Psykovsky - 10 Essential Tracks","author":null,"publisher":"Trancentral","year":2018,"url":"https://trancentral.tv/2018/05/psykovsky-10-essential-tracks","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"low","openQuestions":["Original labels and years for the Kindzadza and Psykovsky tracks could not be confirmed, because Discogs blocks this machine. A human should verify them. Psykovsky 'Unanga Raga' year comes from MusicBrainz."],"color":"#a06cd5"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"dream-trance","name":"Dream Trance","aliases":["Dream House","Ambient Trance"],"family":"trance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1994,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1995,"peakEnd":1997},"origins":[{"city":"Milan","country":"Italy"}],"bpm":{"min":125,"max":135,"typical":130},"summary":"Soft Italian trance led by piano melodies, popular in the mid-1990s.","history":"Dream trance is a soft, melodic form of trance that began in Italy in the mid-1990s [s3]. It is also called dream house or ambient trance [s3]. The music is slower than other trance and is often led by a piano melody [s3]. It was created partly in response to a problem in Italy, where young people fell asleep while driving home from clubs and had accidents [s1]. The music aimed to calm dancers down at the end of the night [s1]. Robert Miles released 'Children' in 1995, which sold millions of copies and made the style famous [s1]. He followed it with 'Fable' in 1996 [s2]. Other Italian producers, such as DJ Dado, Mauro Picotto and W.P. Alex Remark, made similar records [s2]. Dream trance usually stays around 130 beats per minute [s2]. Some tracks have strings and a gentle, dream-like mood [s3]. Producers also made slower, ambient remixes of trance tracks for chillout rooms [s1]. The style was most popular in the late 1990s, but its piano sound is still recognised today [s1].","sound":["A soft piano or string melody","A simple four-to-the-floor beat","A slow, gentle mood","Long, melodic sections","Few or no vocals"],"figures":[{"name":"Robert Miles","role":"Italian producer behind 'Children'","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"DJ Dado","role":"Italian producer of dream trance","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Mauro Picotto","role":"Italian producer linked to the style","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"W.P. Alex Remark","role":"Italian act behind 'Pyramid'","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"DBX Records","city":"Milan","founded":1995,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Deconstruction","city":"London","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"ZYX Music","city":"Merenberg","founded":1971,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Robert Miles","title":"Children","year":1995,"label":"DBX Records","catalogNumber":"DBX 015","why":"The record that made dream trance famous and sold millions of copies.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3745471-Robert-Miles-Children","youtube":{"id":"DvyCbevQbtI","channel":"RobertMilesVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"CC5ca6Hsb2Q","channel":"Robert Miles","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Robert Miles","title":"Fable","year":1996,"label":"Deconstruction","catalogNumber":"74321 38262 4","why":"A follow-up hit from the same album, named as an example of the style.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2833527-Robert-Miles-Fable","youtube":{"id":"4drFK8ohAxg","channel":"RobertMilesVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"h5mtJwROWgA","channel":"Robert Miles - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"DJ Dado","title":"Dreaming","year":1996,"label":"ZYX Music","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An Italian dream trance record named as an example of the style.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1018720-DJ-Dado-Dreaming","youtube":{"id":"rCnTHddm05E","channel":"DJ Dado - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"VEEN8SvKT_0","channel":"DJ Dado - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Dream trance is a soft, melodic form of trance.","sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"id":"ambient","type":"influenced","note":"Its calm mood is close to ambient and chillout music.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"deep-house","type":"influenced","note":"It shares a warm, smooth house feel with deep house.","sourceRefs":["s3"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Trance Music History - From The Early 1990s Till Today","author":"Arjan Rietveld","publisher":"Beatportal","year":2023,"url":"https://www.beatportal.com/articles/51518-beatports-definitive-history-of-trance","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"10 Trance Subgenres You Need to Know","author":"Deanna Rilling","publisher":"Insomniac","year":2015,"url":"https://www.insomniac.com/magazine/10-trance-subgenres-you-need-to-know","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"List of trance genres","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trance_genres","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Robert Miles 'Children' is dated 1994 by Armada, 1995 by the artist and BBC, and the dream trance article places it in 1996. The 1995 date is used here. DJ Dado 'Dreaming' is dated 1995 by MusicBrainz and 1996 by Insomniac."],"color":"#a06cd5"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"full-on","name":"Full-On","aliases":[],"family":"trance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1998,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2000,"peakEnd":2010},"origins":[{"city":"Tel Aviv","country":"Israel"}],"bpm":{"min":140,"max":148,"typical":145},"summary":"High-energy Israeli psytrance with rolling basslines and big melodies.","history":"Full-on is a high-energy form of psytrance [s1]. It developed in Israel in the late 1990s [s1][s2]. The music has a fast, rolling bassline, big melodies and a dense mix [s1]. Tempos are usually around 140 to 148 beats per minute [s1]. The style takes some influence from radio-friendly dance music and Eurodance, and it sometimes uses electric guitar or vocals [s1]. The name comes from the idea that the music is played 'full on' at the peak of a party [s2]. Artists such as Astrix, GMS and 1200 Micrograms became well known for it [s3]. Related styles include twilight and night full-on, which are darker, and morning full-on, which is lighter [s1]. Full-on was very popular at outdoor festivals in the 2000s [s1]. Producers still make the style, though newer forms of psytrance have grown alongside it [s2]. Many full-on records are made for the main stage of outdoor festivals [s1].","sound":["A fast, rolling bassline","Big, simple lead melodies","A dense, loud mix","Occasional vocals or guitar","Few long quiet parts"],"figures":[{"name":"Astrix","role":"Israeli full-on producer","sourceRefs":["s2","s3"]},{"name":"GMS","role":"International act known for full-on records","sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"1200 Micrograms","role":"Psytrance group behind 'Mescaline'","sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Infected Mushroom","role":"Israeli duo with a full-on sound","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Hommega","city":"Tel Aviv","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"TIP.World","city":"London","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Spun Records","city":"Ibiza","founded":1999,"sourceRefs":["s3"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"GMS","title":"Juice","year":2003,"label":"TIP.World","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A full-on track listed among the act's ten essential recordings.","evidence":["s4"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/24199922-GMS-Juice-Two-Faces-Djoker-Remix","youtube":{"id":"afLtyzmYIkI","channel":"Johan Oberg","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"KQR-0LD1a-U","channel":"rodrigo morales","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"1200 Micrograms","title":"Mescaline","year":2001,"label":"TIP.World","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A well-known full-on record named among the group's well-known tracks.","evidence":["s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=1200+Micrograms+Mescaline&type=release","youtube":{"id":"o7yundB_FeM","channel":"Tip World Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"hu-DcmZH0qY","channel":"1200 Micrograms - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Infected Mushroom","title":"Deeply Disturbed","year":2002,"label":"BNE","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A full-on record from the Israeli duo who made the style popular.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/119893-Infected-Mushroom-Deeply-Disturbed","youtube":{"id":"3rpPVBd-nzc","channel":"Infected Mushroom - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"MKjzMUF_AP8","channel":"Infected Mushroom","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"psytrance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Full-on is the high-energy Israeli branch of psytrance.","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Psychedelic trance","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychedelic_trance","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"List of trance genres","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trance_genres","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"10 Trance Subgenres You Need to Know","author":"Deanna Rilling","publisher":"Insomniac","year":2015,"url":"https://www.insomniac.com/magazine/10-trance-subgenres-you-need-to-know","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s4","title":"GMS - 10 Essential Tracks","author":null,"publisher":"Trancentral","year":2017,"url":"https://trancentral.tv/2017/10/gms-10-essential-tracks","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["GMS 'Juice' has no clear first-release year in open databases; 2005 is the earliest live release found. The original studio year should be checked on Discogs. Infected Mushroom 'Deeply Disturbed' is dated 2002 by MusicBrainz and 2003 by other listings."],"color":"#a06cd5"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"goa-trance","name":"Goa Trance","aliases":["Goa"],"family":"trance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1990,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1994,"peakEnd":1997},"origins":[{"city":"Goa","country":"India"},{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":130,"max":150,"typical":140},"summary":"Early 1990s psychedelic trance from Goa, India, with melodic, hypnotic tracks.","history":"Goa trance began in the Indian state of Goa in the early 1990s [s1]. Since the 1960s, Goa had been a popular place for hippies and travellers [s1][s2]. In the 1980s, DJs such as Laurent and Goa Gil played at beach parties. They mixed electronic body music, new beat and psychedelic rock [s1][s2]. They edited and looped tracks to make them longer [s1]. The music was shared on cassette tapes [s1]. By 1990 and 1991, Goa had become a well-known party place, and Goa-style parties spread around the world from 1993 [s1]. Paul Oakenfold helped the music reach a wider audience [s1]. His 1994 Essential Mix became known as the Goa Mix [s1]. Labels in Britain, Germany, Israel and Japan released Goa trance [s1]. The style is melodic and hypnotic, with long tracks and a steady four-to-the-floor beat [s1][s3]. The well-known years were about 1994 to 1997 [s1]. Goa trance later developed into psytrance [s1][s4].","sound":["Long tracks, often 8 to 12 minutes","A steady four-to-the-floor beat","Layered, melodic synthesizer lines","Eastern scales and sounds","Speech samples from films"],"figures":[{"name":"Goa Gil","role":"DJ who helped shape the Goa party sound","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"DJ Laurent","role":"French DJ in Goa who made long edits of electronic tracks","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Simon Posford","role":"British producer who recorded as Hallucinogen","sourceRefs":["s4"]},{"name":"Astral Projection","role":"Israeli Goa trance act","sourceRefs":["s3"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Dragonfly Records","city":"London","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"TIP Records","city":"London","founded":1994,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Perfecto","city":"London","founded":1989,"sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Astral Projection","title":"Mahadeva","year":1994,"label":"TIP Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A well-known Goa trance track by a leading Israeli act.","evidence":["s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/140810-Astral-Projection-Mahadeva","youtube":{"id":"Ix0lduF1Co4","channel":"Astral Projection","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"onquKz5SYRs","channel":"TRANCEMASTER59","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Man With No Name","title":"Floor Essence","year":1995,"label":"Perfecto","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A Goa trance record from the Perfecto label, named in a history of trance. The Dayglo Mix is the well-known version.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2895819-Man-With-No-Name-Floor-Essence","youtube":{"id":"xt_GsvSP3nI","channel":"Man With No Name - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"S6DiMtRD70Y","channel":"Trance Classics","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Hallucinogen","title":"LSD","year":1994,"label":"Dragonfly Records","catalogNumber":"BFLT 29","why":"An early Goa trance record by a founding British producer.","evidence":["s4"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/15468864-Hallucinogen-LSD-Live-Mix","youtube":{"id":"mE3n68vCCao","channel":"TwistedMusicUK","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"iIsVzSMRw8E","channel":"TwistedMusicUK","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Goa trance was an early branch of the trance scene.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"ebm","type":"influenced","note":"The first Goa DJs played EBM records before local electronic music existed.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"new-beat","type":"influenced","note":"New beat was part of the mix played at early Goa parties.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Goa trance","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa_trance","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Trance Music History - From The Early 1990s Till Today","author":"Arjan Rietveld","publisher":"Beatportal","year":2023,"url":"https://www.beatportal.com/articles/51518-beatports-definitive-history-of-trance","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"10 Trance Subgenres You Need to Know","author":"Deanna Rilling","publisher":"Insomniac","year":2015,"url":"https://www.insomniac.com/magazine/10-trance-subgenres-you-need-to-know","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s4","title":"Psychedelic trance","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychedelic_trance","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["The first-release year of 'Mahadeva' is given as 1994 by most sources but 1995-96 by MusicBrainz and the artist's own upload. A human should confirm on Discogs."],"color":"#a06cd5"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"ibiza-trance","name":"Ibiza Trance","aliases":["Balearic Trance"],"family":"trance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1996,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1997,"peakEnd":2000},"origins":[{"city":"Ibiza","country":"Spain"},{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":125,"max":135,"typical":130},"summary":"Warm, melodic trance with guitars and sea sounds, linked to Ibiza.","history":"Ibiza trance, also called Balearic trance, mixes trance with the relaxed, sunny sound of the island of Ibiza [s1]. It grew out of the Balearic beat style played by DJ Jose Padilla at the Cafe del Mar club [s1]. Padilla was the resident there from 1991 [s1]. The Cafe del Mar mix albums, which began in 1994, spread the sound around the world [s1]. Balearic trance uses warm pads, Spanish guitars and sounds of the sea [s1]. The music is usually a little slower than other trance [s2]. German producer York sold many copies of 'The Awakening' in 1997 [s1]. Solarstone released 'Seven Cities' in 1999 [s1]. Three Drives released 'Greece 2000' in 1998 [s1]. Chicane's 'Offshore' and Nalin & Kane's 'Beachball' were also big records of the time [s1]. The year 1999 was called 'the year of trance' because the sound was so popular [s1]. Superclubs on Ibiza hosted large trance nights [s1]. The style lost some popularity after 2000, but chillout versions are still played at beach bars [s1].","sound":["Spanish guitar melodies","Sounds of the sea and seagulls","Warm, wide pads","A relaxed, sunny mood","A slightly slower beat than other trance"],"figures":[{"name":"Jose Padilla","role":"DJ who popularised the Balearic sound at Cafe del Mar","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Solarstone","role":"British producer behind 'Seven Cities'","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Chicane","role":"British act behind 'Offshore'","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"York","role":"German act behind 'The Awakening'","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Cafe del Mar Music","city":"Ibiza","founded":1999,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Hooj Choons","city":"London","founded":1991,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Xtravaganza Recordings","city":"London","founded":1995,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Chicane","title":"Offshore","year":1996,"label":"Xtravaganza Recordings","catalogNumber":"0091080EXT","why":"A Balearic trance record that became a summer hit in the late 1990s.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1310213-Chicane-Offshore","youtube":{"id":"7BYTIATwb0E","channel":"Armada Music TV","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"nK14Xwg4Tgs","channel":"ChicaneMusic","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Three Drives","title":"Greece 2000","year":1997,"label":"Massive Drive Recordings","catalogNumber":"MD 007","why":"A warm, melodic trance record named as a Balearic trance classic.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1910705-Three-Drives-Greece-2000-Remixes","youtube":{"id":"25BGvZ-SSro","channel":"Three Drives On A Vinyl - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"8pib0QJck10","channel":"Armada Music TV","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Solarstone","title":"Seven Cities","year":1999,"label":"Hooj Choons","catalogNumber":"lost 002","why":"A guitar-led trance record that became a Balearic trance standard.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/5872228-Solarstone-Seven-Cities","youtube":{"id":"awxQuhay_mo","channel":"Solarstone - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"61Z2QyTN3Bo","channel":"Solar Stone - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Ibiza trance is the warm, melodic side of trance.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"balearic","type":"evolved_from","note":"It grew from the relaxed Balearic beat played in Ibiza clubs.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"ambient","type":"influenced","note":"Its soft pads and atmosphere borrow from ambient music.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"In search of sunrise: a history of Balearic trance","author":"Arjan Rietveld","publisher":"DJ Mag","year":2021,"url":"https://djmag.com/features/search-sunrise-history-balearic-trance","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"List of trance genres","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trance_genres","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["MusicBrainz lists the earliest release of Chicane 'Offshore' as 2001, but DJ Mag and other histories date it to 1996; the earlier date is used."],"color":"#a06cd5"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"progressive-psytrance","name":"Progressive Psytrance","aliases":["Prog Psy","Progpsy"],"family":"trance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1998,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2005,"peakEnd":2015},"origins":[{"city":"Copenhagen","country":"Denmark"},{"city":"Hamburg","country":"Germany"}],"bpm":{"min":130,"max":138,"typical":135},"summary":"Rolling, hypnotic psytrance that builds slowly with few big melodies.","history":"Progressive psytrance mixes the simple, rolling sound of progressive electronic music with the complex layers of psytrance [s1]. It began in northern Europe in the late 1990s [s1]. Producers in Denmark, Germany, Sweden and Norway helped create it [s1]. The label Iboga Records started in Copenhagen in the middle of the 1990s [s2]. It became one of the most important labels for the style [s2]. New Zealand producer FREq released the album Strange Attractors on Iboga in 2004, and many producers copied its sound [s2]. The music is usually slower than full-on, often around 130 to 138 beats per minute [s1]. It builds slowly and repeats a hypnotic groove, with fewer big melodies than full-on [s1]. Artists such as Liquid Soul, Perfect Stranger and Neelix became well known in the 2000s and 2010s [s2]. Progressive psytrance is often played at sunrise or in the early hours of a party [s3]. It remains popular at festivals and on digital shops [s2].","sound":["A slow, rolling bassline","A hypnotic, repeating groove","Fewer big melodies than full-on","Long, patient build-ups","A deep, clean production sound"],"figures":[{"name":"Liquid Soul","role":"Swiss producer known for progressive psytrance","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Perfect Stranger","role":"Producer and label owner in the progressive psy scene","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"FREq","role":"New Zealand producer whose album shaped the sound","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Neelix","role":"German producer of progressive psytrance","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Iboga Records","city":"Copenhagen","founded":1997,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Spin Twist Records","city":"Hamburg","founded":2005,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Zenon Records","city":"Melbourne","founded":2003,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Liquid Soul","title":"Devotion","year":2008,"label":"Iboga Records","catalogNumber":"IBOGADIGITAL171","why":"A progressive psytrance record from the label that led the style.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/14238689-Liquid-Soul-Devotion-Morten-Granau-Zyce-Remix","youtube":{"id":"6A_ZkvOgzLM","channel":"Liquid Soul Official","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"yJsv3YRmemI","channel":"Iboga Records Music","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Perfect Stranger","title":"Manifestation","year":2007,"label":"Iboga Records","catalogNumber":"IBOGADIGITAL394","why":"A track by a central progressive psytrance producer and label owner.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/13334123-Perfect-Stranger-Manifestation","youtube":{"id":"z9DCVPUnDk0","channel":"Iboga Records Music","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"Neelix","title":"Nana","year":2023,"label":"Spin Twist Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A later progressive psytrance track from a well-known German producer.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Neelix+Nana&type=release","youtube":{"id":"vkdENu86XK8","channel":"Neelix","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"psytrance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Progressive psytrance is a slower, rolling branch of psytrance.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"progressive-trance","type":"fusion_of","note":"It shares the slow build and rolling groove of progressive trance.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"List of trance genres","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trance_genres","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Label of the Month: Iboga Records","author":"El Bickers","publisher":"Beatportal","year":2025,"url":"https://www.beatportal.com/articles/1017290-label-of-the-month-iboga-records","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Psychedelic trance","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychedelic_trance","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Perfect Stranger 'Manifestation' has no clear first-release year in open databases; the year used is an estimate. A human should confirm on Discogs."],"color":"#a06cd5"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"progressive-trance","name":"Progressive Trance","aliases":[],"family":"trance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1993,"startApprox":false,"peakStart":1996,"peakEnd":2001},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"Frankfurt","country":"Germany"}],"bpm":{"min":126,"max":134,"typical":130},"summary":"Slower, smoothly building trance with long breakdowns and changing basslines.","history":"Progressive trance grew out of trance and progressive house in the early 1990s [s1][s2]. It was made in Britain and Germany [s1]. The music is slower and smoother than harder trance [s1]. Tracks build slowly over a long time and have long breakdowns [s1][s3]. The bass and chords change during the track, which gives the music a feeling of movement or progress [s1]. In Britain, DJs such as Sasha and John Digweed played this sound in clubs [s2]. Sasha released 'Xpander' in 1999 [s2]. The label Hooj Choons released records by Tilt, Lustral and Solarstone [s2]. The act Three 'N One made a famous remix of 'Cafe Del Mar' by Energy 52 for Hooj Choons [s2]. The label Platipus also released progressive trance from 1993 [s1]. AllMusic wrote that progressive trance became the sound of dance floors around the world by the end of the 1990s [s1]. Later, the word 'progressive' was often used for the main style of trance [s3]. The sound shaped melodic house and modern melodic techno [s2].","sound":["Slow, smooth build-ups","Long breakdowns","Basslines and chords that change during the track","A deep, rolling groove","Fewer harsh acid sounds than early trance"],"figures":[{"name":"Sasha","role":"British DJ and producer; made 'Xpander'","sourceRefs":["s2","s3"]},{"name":"John Digweed","role":"British DJ who played progressive trance and house","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"BT","role":"American producer of progressive trance","sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Matt Darey","role":"British producer behind the act Lost Tribe","sourceRefs":["s3"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Hooj Choons","city":"London","founded":1991,"sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Platipus","city":"London","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Perfecto","city":"London","founded":1989,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Sasha","title":"Xpander","year":1999,"label":"Deconstruction","catalogNumber":"DECON 004","why":"A long progressive trance track that became a model for the style.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/8213783-Sasha-Xpander","youtube":{"id":"HRqPeKbYoGw","channel":"Sasha - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"aj758ap2-sM","channel":"Trance Classics","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"BT","title":"Flaming June","year":1997,"label":"Perfecto","catalogNumber":"none","why":"A melodic progressive trance record named by a guide to the style.","evidence":["s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/34865390-BT-Flaming-June","youtube":{"id":"YaOc4W_OyM0","channel":"BT - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"2WwQED0SYYc","channel":"Trance Classics","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Lost Tribe","title":"Gamemaster","year":1997,"label":"Hooj Choons","catalogNumber":"HOOJ 81R","why":"A Hooj Choons release that became a well-known progressive trance anthem. The 1999 Extended Mix is a later well-known version.","evidence":["s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/22101829-Lost-Tribe-Gamemaster","youtube":{"id":"dt5_3NCHhVk","channel":"Matt Darey - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"oVQHyoQJxZA","channel":"Trance Classics","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Progressive trance was a slower, smoother branch of trance.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"progressive-house","type":"fusion_of","note":"It took its long builds and smooth bass from progressive house.","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Trance music","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trance_music","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Trance Music History - From The Early 1990s Till Today","author":"Arjan Rietveld","publisher":"Beatportal","year":2023,"url":"https://www.beatportal.com/articles/51518-beatports-definitive-history-of-trance","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"10 Trance Subgenres You Need to Know","author":"Deanna Rilling","publisher":"Insomniac","year":2015,"url":"https://www.insomniac.com/magazine/10-trance-subgenres-you-need-to-know","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#a06cd5"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"psytrance","name":"Psytrance","aliases":["Psy","Psychedelic Trance"],"family":"trance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1994,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1998,"peakEnd":2010},"origins":[{"city":"Goa","country":"India"},{"city":"Tel Aviv","country":"Israel"}],"bpm":{"min":135,"max":148,"typical":145},"summary":"Fast, layered psychedelic trance that grew out of Goa trance.","history":"Psytrance, or psychedelic trance, grew out of Goa trance [s1][s2]. It developed in the late 1990s as producers moved from tape and hardware to digital music software [s1]. The names Goa trance and psychedelic trance were used interchangeably for a time [s1]. The music is fast and energetic, with a constant bassline and many layers of sound [s1]. Tempos are usually between 125 and 150 beats per minute [s1]. Tracks are often six to ten minutes long [s1]. Israeli producers, such as Infected Mushroom and Astral Projection, became internationally known in the mid-1990s [s2]. Psytrance spread to Europe, Israel, Japan, Australia, South Africa and the United States [s1]. It is closely linked to outdoor festivals such as Boom in Portugal and Ozora in Hungary [s1]. The style has many subgenres, including full-on, progressive psytrance and dark psytrance [s1][s3]. Some of these names come from the mood or the time of night the music suits [s3]. Psytrance remains a global underground scene with its own artwork and festivals [s1].","sound":["A fast, rolling bassline","Many layers of synthesizer","Weird or 'squelchy' sound effects","Tracks that build over several minutes","Speech samples and sci-fi sounds"],"figures":[{"name":"Infected Mushroom","role":"Israeli duo who became internationally known","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Astrix","role":"Israeli producer of full-on psytrance","sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"X-Dream","role":"German duo whose album Radio influenced the sound","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Goa Gil","role":"DJ who carried the Goa sound into the psytrance era","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Hommega","city":"Tel Aviv","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"BNE","city":"Tel Aviv","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Dragonfly Records","city":"London","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Infected Mushroom","title":"The Gathering","year":1999,"label":"BNE","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early record by the Israeli duo who helped make psytrance known worldwide.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1963109-Infected-Mushroom-The-Gathering","youtube":{"id":"cyCuNb7y-CQ","channel":"Kurdungen","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"oQf6zQbogHg","channel":"InfectedLibrarian","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Astrix","title":"Closer to Heaven","year":2005,"label":"Hommega","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A psytrance track named as an example of the Israeli sound.","evidence":["s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/7672920-Astrix-Michele-Adamson-Closer-To-Heaven-Alok-Remix","youtube":{"id":"bqMmJUsgwVM","channel":"Shamanic Tales","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"FIkC9t0VlFA","channel":"1stMusicChannel","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"X-Dream","title":"Radio","year":1998,"label":"Blue Room Released","catalogNumber":"BR066CD","why":"An album track that influenced the darker, faster side of psytrance.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3998819-X-Dream-Radio","youtube":{"id":"oig0LO7WaVw","channel":"X-Dream - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"XNCiZCdfBik","channel":"Trancentral","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"goa-trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Psytrance grew directly out of the Goa trance scene.","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"id":"trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"It is part of the wider trance family.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Psychedelic trance","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychedelic_trance","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Trance Music History - From The Early 1990s Till Today","author":"Arjan Rietveld","publisher":"Beatportal","year":2023,"url":"https://www.beatportal.com/articles/51518-beatports-definitive-history-of-trance","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"10 Trance Subgenres You Need to Know","author":"Deanna Rilling","publisher":"Insomniac","year":2015,"url":"https://www.insomniac.com/magazine/10-trance-subgenres-you-need-to-know","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Astrix 'Closer to Heaven' is dated 2005 by MusicBrainz but appears on earlier compilations. The exact first release should be checked on Discogs."],"color":"#a06cd5"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"suomisaundi","name":"Suomisaundi","aliases":["Suomi","Suomisoundi","Freeform Psytrance"],"family":"trance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1994,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1997,"peakEnd":2005},"origins":[{"city":"Helsinki","country":"Finland"}],"bpm":{"min":135,"max":155,"typical":145},"summary":"Free-form Finnish psychedelic trance, known for humour and unusual sounds.","history":"Suomisaundi is a free-form style of psychedelic trance from Finland [s1]. The name means 'Finnish sound' [s1]. It began in the mid-1990s [s1]. A party collective called Ruskababa introduced Goa trance to Finland through small summer parties [s1]. DJs played from DAT and cassette tapes [s1]. Producer Tim Thick made tracks with a music program called FastTracker 2 [s1]. Recordings of his music became popular in Goa in the 1995 and 1996 season [s1]. The compilation Flippin Bixies was released in 1996 and helped define the style [s1]. Exogenic Records became the first label to focus on suomisaundi in 1997 [s1]. The music is melodic and unusual, mixing Goa trance with funk, acid and game-like sounds [s1]. Tracks often include strange humour and spoken samples [s1]. Groups such as Texas Faggott and Squaremeat became known in the scene [s1]. Fans outside Finland are found in Russia, Japan, Australia and New Zealand [s1]. Some writers describe the style as free-form psychedelic trance [s2]. It is still seen as an eccentric corner of psytrance [s1][s3].","sound":["Unusual, melodic leads","Funny or strange samples","Elements of funk and acid","Fast, free-form structures","Retro video-game style sounds"],"figures":[{"name":"Tim Thick","role":"Finnish producer central to the early suomisaundi sound","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Pepe Kosminen","role":"DJ and founding chairman of the Midiliitto association","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Texas Faggott","role":"Finnish suomisaundi group","sourceRefs":["s1","s3"]},{"name":"Squaremeat","role":"Finnish suomisaundi group","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Exogenic Records","city":"Helsinki","founded":1997,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Thixx'n'Dixx","city":"Helsinki","founded":2000,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"6-Dimension Soundz","city":"Tokyo","founded":2001,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Texas Faggott","title":"Pulu","year":2003,"label":"Exogenic Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A suomisaundi track by one of the groups named in the style's history.","evidence":["s1","s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Texas+Faggott+Pulu&type=release","youtube":{"id":"aeuYhX8aSOM","channel":"Suomisaundi","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"Squaremeat","title":"Breeze","year":2003,"label":"Exogenic Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A track by a Finnish group named as central to suomisaundi.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Squaremeat+Breeze&type=release","youtube":{"id":"spminjEyIac","channel":"Suomisaundi","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null},{"artist":"Haltya","title":"Hero","year":2003,"label":"Exogenic Records","catalogNumber":"EXO1211","why":"A Finnish suomisaundi track from a group in the scene.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/7704685-Haltya-Hero","youtube":{"id":"f-9F1ApFiac","channel":"Haltya - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"psytrance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Suomisaundi is a Finnish branch of psytrance.","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"id":"goa-trance","type":"influenced","note":"Early Finnish parties played Goa trance from the previous season.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"acid-trance","type":"influenced","note":"Suomisaundi takes some influence from acid trance.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Suomisaundi","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suomisaundi","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"10 Trance Subgenres You Need to Know","author":"Deanna Rilling","publisher":"Insomniac","year":2015,"url":"https://www.insomniac.com/magazine/10-trance-subgenres-you-need-to-know","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Texas Faggott - 10 Essential Tracks","author":null,"publisher":"Trancentral","year":2018,"url":"https://trancentral.tv/2018/07/texas-faggott-10-essential-tracks","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"low","openQuestions":["Track-level documentation for suomisaundi is thin. The years for these three tracks come from MusicBrainz and should be confirmed on Discogs. Haltya is not named in the cited sources, only used as an example artist."],"color":"#a06cd5"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"tech-trance","name":"Tech Trance","aliases":["Techno-trance"],"family":"trance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1994,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2002,"peakEnd":2010},"origins":[{"city":"Frankfurt","country":"Germany"}],"bpm":{"min":134,"max":142,"typical":138},"summary":"Trance with techno-style drums, a dark drive and few vocals.","history":"Tech trance mixes trance with techno [s1]. It appeared in the mid-1990s [s1]. The music keeps the melody and builds of trance, but uses harder drums, a steady bassline and a darker sound [s1][s2]. Producers use delay and distortion effects, and there are few or no vocals [s2]. Oliver Lieb and Humate made early tech trance records in Germany [s2]. In the 2000s, DJs such as Marco V and Simon Patterson became known for the style [s2]. Marco V released 'Indicator' in 2002 [s2]. Simon Patterson released 'Bulldozer' in 2007 [s2]. Timo Maas also made records in this harder trance style [s2]. Tech trance sits between the big melodies of uplifting trance and the repetition of techno [s1]. It is often played late at night, when clubs want a harder sound [s2]. The style is still made by producers who also work in techno [s2]. Some tech trance records also borrow the short, repeated hooks of techno instead of a long trance melody [s1].","sound":["A hard, techno-style kick drum","A dark, repeating bassline","Delay and distortion effects","Few or no vocals","Short melodic hooks instead of long anthems"],"figures":[{"name":"Marco V","role":"Dutch DJ and producer; made 'Indicator'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Simon Patterson","role":"British producer and DJ; made 'Bulldozer'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Timo Maas","role":"German producer and DJ","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Oliver Lieb","role":"German producer of early tech trance","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"ID&T","city":"Amsterdam","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Reset Records","city":"London","founded":2006,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Vandit","city":"Berlin","founded":2000,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Marco V","title":"Indicator","year":2001,"label":"ID&T","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A tech trance record that became a club hit in the early 2000s.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/100144-Marco-V-Indicator","youtube":{"id":"MComgmvBQ9Y","channel":"MARCO V+ - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"UU2L9aP3VWU","channel":"All Things Trance","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Simon Patterson","title":"Bulldozer","year":2007,"label":"Reset Records","catalogNumber":"RS028","why":"A later tech trance track named as an example of the style.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/5195282-Simon-Patterson-Bulldozer-Well-See","youtube":{"id":"eBcPs5lsFOI","channel":"Simon Patterson - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"WcjMnHiowe0","channel":"Carlos B","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Timo Maas","title":"Riding on a Storm","year":1999,"label":"Perfecto","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early harder trance record by a producer named in the style's history.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/5716-Timo-Maas-Riding-On-A-Storm-Trichter-Musik","youtube":{"id":"xbhnKmaGTQw","channel":"Progressive Dance Music","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"jEbLUKgi25E","channel":"Revival Dance Hits","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"trance","type":"fusion_of","note":"Tech trance keeps the builds and melody of trance.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"berlin-techno","type":"fusion_of","note":"It takes its hard drums and dark drive from the German techno tradition.","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"List of trance genres","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trance_genres","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"10 Trance Subgenres You Need to Know","author":"Deanna Rilling","publisher":"Insomniac","year":2015,"url":"https://www.insomniac.com/magazine/10-trance-subgenres-you-need-to-know","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Simon Patterson's 'Bulldozer' is dated 2007 by MusicBrainz but is often linked to later years. Timo Maas's track label is uncertain; a human should confirm on Discogs."],"color":"#a06cd5"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"trance","name":"Trance","aliases":[],"family":"trance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1988,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1998,"peakEnd":2003},"origins":[{"city":"Frankfurt","country":"Germany"},{"city":"Berlin","country":"Germany"}],"bpm":{"min":125,"max":145,"typical":138},"summary":"Melodic electronic dance music with long builds and breakdowns, developed in Europe in the early 1990s.","history":"Trance began in Europe in the late 1980s [s1]. The KLF released 'What Time Is Love? (Pure Trance)' in Britain in 1988 [s1]. In Frankfurt, Sven Vath and other DJs played hypnotic dance music at clubs such as Dorian Gray and Omen [s2]. Vath started the label Eye Q in 1991 and Harthouse in 1992 [s1][s2]. Eye Q released softer tracks, while Harthouse focused on a harder sound [s2]. In Berlin, the label MFS released early trance records and a compilation called Tranceformed From Beyond in 1992 [s2]. Paul van Dyk and Cosmic Baby became well-known names there [s2]. DJ Dag Lerner said he was the first to call his music trance [s1]. Producers mixed the steady beat of house and techno with long melodies, builds and breakdowns [s1][s3]. In Britain, labels such as Platipus and Hooj Choons released progressive trance from 1993 [s1][s2]. By the late 1990s, uplifting trance with big breakdowns was the most popular form [s1][s4]. The music reached its commercial peak in the late 1990s and early 2000s [s2]. Later, pop-style vocals were added to many tracks [s1]. Trance is still played at large festivals around the world [s2].","sound":["A steady four-to-the-floor beat","Long melodies that repeat and change","Build-ups and breakdowns","A soft, wide atmosphere","Bright lead synthesizer sounds"],"figures":[{"name":"Sven Vath","role":"Frankfurt DJ; co-founder of the Eye Q and Harthouse labels","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Paul van Dyk","role":"Berlin producer and DJ","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"DJ Dag Lerner","role":"German DJ; said he first used the name trance","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Ferry Corsten","role":"Dutch producer and DJ","sourceRefs":["s2","s4"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Eye Q","city":"Frankfurt","founded":1991,"sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Harthouse","city":"Frankfurt","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"MFS","city":"Berlin","founded":1990,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Platipus","city":"London","founded":1993,"sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Age of Love","title":"The Age of Love","year":1990,"label":"R&S Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"An early trance record that became popular in 1990 and helped define the sound.","evidence":["s4"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2550110-Age-Of-Love-The-Age-Of-Love","youtube":{"id":"FrCAEibKMR4","channel":"Age Of Love - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"3FoHlA6aGTc","channel":"The House Classics Library","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Dance 2 Trance","title":"We Came in Peace","year":1990,"label":"Suck Me Plasma","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A Frankfurt track from the first wave of trance, named by a history of the genre.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/413979-Dance-2-Trance-We-Came-In-Peace","youtube":{"id":"5o_Ov7_mPYc","channel":"Dance 2 Trance - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"NMkl_IAK8wU","channel":"Trance Classics","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Energy 52","title":"Cafe Del Mar","year":1993,"label":"Eye Q","catalogNumber":"4509 93357-2","why":"A track named after an Ibiza club; its 1997 Three 'N One remix became the well-known version.","evidence":["s2","s4"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/112651-Energy-52-Cafe-Del-Mar","youtube":{"id":"yyvp_nCM15Q","channel":"Energy 52","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"4ygWMWZQJkk","channel":"clubb guide","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"detroit-techno","type":"fusion_of","note":"Trance grew from the steady electronic beat of techno, including Detroit techno. ","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"acid-house","type":"fusion_of","note":"House music, especially acid house, gave trance its four-to-the-floor dance beat.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"ambient","type":"influenced","note":"Ambient music shaped trance's soft, wide atmosphere.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"new-beat","type":"influenced","note":"The Belgian new beat sound was played at early European trance clubs.","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Trance music","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trance_music","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Trance Music History - From The Early 1990s Till Today","author":"Arjan Rietveld","publisher":"Beatportal","year":2023,"url":"https://www.beatportal.com/articles/51518-beatports-definitive-history-of-trance","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"10 Trance Subgenres You Need to Know","author":"Deanna Rilling","publisher":"Insomniac","year":2015,"url":"https://www.insomniac.com/magazine/10-trance-subgenres-you-need-to-know","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s4","title":"The 10 best early 90s trance tracks","author":"Billal Rahman","publisher":"Mixmag","year":2019,"url":"https://mixmag.net/feature/10-best-early-90s-trance-tracks","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["Some writers date the first trance records to 1988, others to 1990-91. This entry uses the wide date range 'late 1980s to early 1990s'."],"color":"#a06cd5"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"uplifting-trance","name":"Uplifting Trance","aliases":["Euphoric Trance","Anthem Trance","Epic Trance"],"family":"trance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1997,"startApprox":false,"peakStart":1998,"peakEnd":2005},"origins":[{"city":"Rotterdam","country":"Netherlands"},{"city":"Antwerp","country":"Belgium"},{"city":"Frankfurt","country":"Germany"}],"bpm":{"min":134,"max":142,"typical":138},"summary":"Fast, emotional trance with long breakdowns and big melodic returns.","history":"Uplifting trance became the most popular form of trance in the late 1990s [s1]. It is also called euphoric, anthem or epic trance [s1]. The music is fast and emotional, with long breakdowns followed by a big return of the beat and melody [s1][s2]. The name comes from the feeling of uplift that the music tries to create [s2]. A new synthesizer, the Roland JP-8000, made a bright 'supersaw' sound that became common in the style [s1][s3]. Ferry Corsten released 'Out of the Blue' as System F in 1998 or 1999 [s2][s4]. The Belgian label Bonzai released 'Universal Nation' by Push in 1998 [s2]. Rank 1 released 'Airwave' in 1999 [s4]. DJs such as Tiesto and Armin van Buuren played uplifting trance to large crowds [s1][s2]. Van Buuren's radio show A State of Trance began in 2001 and helped the music spread [s4]. Uplifting trance was at its commercial peak in the early 2000s [s1]. Producers still make the style today [s2].","sound":["Fast, driving beats","Long, quiet breakdowns","A big, emotional return of the melody","Bright 'supersaw' lead synthesizers","Major and minor chord melodies"],"figures":[{"name":"Ferry Corsten","role":"Dutch producer; made 'Out of the Blue' as System F","sourceRefs":["s2","s4"]},{"name":"Push","role":"Belgian project behind 'Universal Nation'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Rank 1","role":"Dutch duo behind 'Airwave'","sourceRefs":["s4"]},{"name":"Armin van Buuren","role":"Dutch DJ and producer; host of A State of Trance","sourceRefs":["s1","s4"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Bonzai Records","city":"Antwerp","founded":1992,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Tsunami","city":"Rotterdam","founded":1997,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Anjunabeats","city":"London","founded":2000,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"System F","title":"Out of the Blue","year":1998,"label":"Tsunami","catalogNumber":"TSU1034","why":"A hit that showed the bright, anthemic sound of late 1990s uplifting trance.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/165138-System-F-Out-Of-The-Blue","youtube":{"id":"Qgx_V0So0qk","channel":"Ferry Corsten","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"zHOWLPfizSI","channel":"Trance Classics","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Push","title":"Universal Nation","year":1998,"label":"Bonzai Records","catalogNumber":"BRCD99017","why":"A Belgian uplifting trance anthem from the Bonzai label.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/509211-Push-Universal-Nation","youtube":{"id":"mxGMfKtqi8o","channel":"Push","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"ZnBeTPpr98g","channel":"Kevin Byrne","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Rank 1","title":"Airwave","year":1999,"label":"Bonzai Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A much-played uplifting trance record listed among the genre's classics.","evidence":["s4"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/13321551-Rank-1-Airwave","youtube":{"id":"ypDtUUtuNzQ","channel":"Be Yourself Music","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"Q0AwnDkttVA","channel":"Trance Classics","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"progressive-trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Uplifting trance grew from the progressive trance wave of the 1990s.","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"id":"trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"It is the most popular branch of the wider trance family.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Trance music","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trance_music","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Trance Music History - From The Early 1990s Till Today","author":"Arjan Rietveld","publisher":"Beatportal","year":2023,"url":"https://www.beatportal.com/articles/51518-beatports-definitive-history-of-trance","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"10 Trance Subgenres You Need to Know","author":"Deanna Rilling","publisher":"Insomniac","year":2015,"url":"https://www.insomniac.com/magazine/10-trance-subgenres-you-need-to-know","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s4","title":"What Is Trance Music - The Full Story","author":null,"publisher":"Armada Music","year":null,"url":"https://www.armadamusic.com/news/trance-music","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["System F 'Out of the Blue' is dated 1998 by Beatportal and 1999 by Armada and MusicBrainz; Push 'Universal Nation' is dated 1998 by Beatportal and 1999 by MusicBrainz. The earlier dates are used, and a human should confirm on Discogs."],"color":"#a06cd5"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"vocal-trance","name":"Vocal Trance","aliases":[],"family":"trance","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1997,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2000,"peakEnd":2006},"origins":[{"city":"Hamburg","country":"Germany"},{"city":"Amsterdam","country":"Netherlands"},{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":130,"max":140,"typical":136},"summary":"Trance tracks with a full lead vocal, usually a pop-style female singer.","history":"Vocal trance is trance music with a full lead vocal [s1]. It developed in the late 1990s, when record labels looked for tracks that could be played on radio [s2]. The singer is usually female and often sings a pop-style melody [s1]. The words 'vocal trance' describe a broad group of tracks that can also belong to uplifting or progressive trance [s1][s3]. Delerium's song 'Silence', sung by Sarah McLachlan, became a trance hit in a remix by DJ Tiesto in 2000 [s2]. Ian Van Dahl released 'Castles in the Sky' in 2001 [s3]. Paul van Dyk made 'Nothing But You' in 2003 [s3]. Some writers place vocal trance close to Eurodance, because both styles mix dance beats with pop singing [s1]. There is debate about where the line between the two styles sits [s1]. By the mid-2000s, many trance hits had a vocal version [s2]. The style is still common on trance radio shows and compilations [s3].","sound":["A full pop-style lead vocal","A female singer on most records","A melodic trance backing track","Long intro and breakdown sections","Emotional or love-themed lyrics"],"figures":[{"name":"Sarah McLachlan","role":"Canadian singer on Delerium's 'Silence'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"DJ Tiesto","role":"Dutch DJ whose remix made 'Silence' a trance hit","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Paul van Dyk","role":"German producer of vocal trance tracks","sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Ian Van Dahl","role":"Belgian vocal trance act","sourceRefs":["s3"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Vandit","city":"Berlin","founded":2000,"sourceRefs":["s3"]},{"name":"Nettwerk","city":"Vancouver","founded":1984,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"NuLife Recordings","city":"London","founded":1998,"sourceRefs":["s3"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Delerium feat. Sarah McLachlan","title":"Silence (DJ Tiesto's In Search of Sunrise Remix)","year":1999,"label":"Nettwerk","catalogNumber":"none","why":"A remix that turned a pop song into one of the well-known vocal trance tracks.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/19433794-Delerium-Feat-Sarah-McLachlan-Silence-Remixes","youtube":{"id":"1bMqdVS_Ch8","channel":"Delerium - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"F2WtYgPJh4A","channel":"Delerium - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Ian Van Dahl","title":"Castles in the Sky","year":2000,"label":"NuLife Recordings","catalogNumber":"74321867142","why":"A chart vocal trance record named as an example of the style.","evidence":["s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/140537-Ian-Van-Dahl-Castles-In-The-Sky","youtube":{"id":"npYyiwpPR2I","channel":"Ian Van Dahl - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"efjc146v3hA","channel":"ianvandahlOFFICIAL","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Paul van Dyk","title":"Nothing But You","year":2003,"label":"Vandit","catalogNumber":"none","why":"A vocal trance record from a leading German producer.","evidence":["s3"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1050404-Paul-van-Dyk-Feat-Hemstock-Jennings-Nothing-But-You","youtube":{"id":"j9u2DtCJde8","channel":"Paul van Dyk","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"brBWClogyko","channel":"PaulvanDykVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Vocal trance is trance music with a full lead vocal added.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"eurodance","type":"influenced","note":"Vocal trance shares its sung choruses with Eurodance, and the two styles are often compared.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Trance music","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trance_music","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Trance Music History - From The Early 1990s Till Today","author":"Arjan Rietveld","publisher":"Beatportal","year":2023,"url":"https://www.beatportal.com/articles/51518-beatports-definitive-history-of-trance","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"10 Trance Subgenres You Need to Know","author":"Deanna Rilling","publisher":"Insomniac","year":2015,"url":"https://www.insomniac.com/magazine/10-trance-subgenres-you-need-to-know","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["The border between vocal trance and Eurodance is disputed; Wikipedia notes the debate directly."],"color":"#a06cd5"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"2-step-garage","name":"2-Step Garage","aliases":["2-Step","2Step"],"family":"uk-bass","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1997,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1998,"peakEnd":2001},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":128,"max":140,"typical":133},"summary":"UK garage with a shuffled beat that leaves out the usual four-to-the-floor kick.","history":"2-step garage, or 2-step, is a form of UK garage [s1]. Its main feature is a rhythm without the usual four-on-the-floor kick drum [s1][s2]. The name describes the jittery, irregular rhythms that do not follow the old garage pulse [s1]. A typical pattern has syncopated kicks that skip a beat [s1]. The percussion uses shuffles, triplets, rimshots and woodblocks [s1]. The bassline is also syncopated [s1]. Keyboards, synthesizers and drum machines are the main instruments [s1]. Acoustic sounds are often added as samples [s1]. Vocals are usually female or male in an R&B style [s1]. Some producers cut up a cappella vocals and use them as an instrument [s1]. MCs also feature in the style [s1]. Shanks & Bigfoot's 'Sweet Like Chocolate' was a big hit [s1]. Zed Bias and Craig David also became well known [s1]. 2-step was the most popular form of UK garage around 2000 [s1].","sound":["A shuffled beat with skipped kicks","Offbeat snares, rimshots and woodblocks","Syncopated basslines","R&B-style male or female vocals","A tempo around 133 beats per minute"],"figures":[{"name":"Zed Bias","role":"Producer behind a 2-step anthem","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Shanks & Bigfoot","role":"British duo behind a 2-step hit","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Craig David","role":"British singer whose early hits used 2-step beats","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Artful Dodger","role":"British garage act linked to the style","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Locked On","city":"London","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Public Demand","city":"London","founded":1997,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Wildstar Records","city":"London","founded":1999,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Shanks & Bigfoot","title":"Sweet Like Chocolate","year":1998,"label":"Virgin Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A 2-step garage hit that reached the top of the UK chart.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1103507-Shanks-Bigfoot-Sweet-Like-Chocolate","youtube":{"id":"OQCQnARnKbc","channel":"Clinical Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"QQhjRHDVFo8","channel":"Shanks & Bigfoot - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Zed Bias","title":"Neighbourhood","year":1999,"label":"Locked On","catalogNumber":"LOX 122 CDP","why":"A 2-step garage anthem from a leading producer of the style.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/4419349-Zed-Bias-Neighbourhood","youtube":{"id":"O0O2u9OjXxk","channel":"Zed Bias - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"w6-MlRH1VFE","channel":"Zed Bias - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Craig David","title":"Fill Me In","year":2000,"label":"Wildstar Records","catalogNumber":"0111206 WST","why":"A chart hit built on a 2-step garage rhythm.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/645085-Craig-David-Fill-Me-In","youtube":{"id":"3imO7PFU5cI","channel":"CraigDavidVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"MHxjcHVgd_E","channel":"CraigDavidVEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"uk-garage","type":"evolved_from","note":"2-step is a subgenre of UK garage.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"speed-garage","type":"evolved_from","note":"It developed from speed garage by dropping the straight four-to-the-floor beat.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"2-step garage","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-step_garage","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"UK Garage History: Speed Garage, 2-Step, Revival","author":null,"publisher":"The DJ Diaries","year":null,"url":"https://thedj-diaries.com/uk-garage-the-sound-that-split-into-everything","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#c4519e"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"bassline","name":"Bassline","aliases":["Niche","4x4 Bassline","Bassline House"],"family":"uk-bass","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2000,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2005,"peakEnd":2009},"origins":[{"city":"Sheffield","country":"United Kingdom"},{"city":"Leeds","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":135,"max":142,"typical":138},"summary":"Fast, bass-heavy garage from northern England with chopped R&B vocals.","history":"Bassline, also called bassline house or niche, began in South Yorkshire in the early 2000s [s1]. It has a four-to-the-floor beat at about 135 to 142 beats per minute [s1]. The bass is heavy and often made of several weaving lines [s1]. It uses chopped-up R&B and pop vocal samples [s1]. The music has a bright, poppy feel [s1]. The style grew from speed garage played in northern after-hours clubs [s2]. The most famous club was Niche in Sheffield [s1][s3]. A bootleg of Double 99's 'Ripgroove' with Tina Moore's vocal was a local favourite [s2]. DJ Q became the leading figure, playing on Radio 1Xtra from 2004 [s2]. Big Ang's 'It's Over Now' reached the UK chart in 2005 [s2]. In 2007 T2's 'Heartbroken' reached number two [s2]. Niche was raided and closed in 2005, and police pressure continued [s1][s2]. The sound later influenced a new generation of producers [s2].","sound":["A four-to-the-floor beat at about 138 beats per minute","Heavy, weaving basslines","Chopped R&B and pop vocals","Organ and piano stabs","A bright, energetic mood"],"figures":[{"name":"DJ Q","role":"Producer and DJ who became the leading bassline figure","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"T2","role":"Producer behind the bassline chart hit 'Heartbroken'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Big Ang","role":"Sheffield producer behind a bassline chart hit","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Shaun Banger Scott","role":"Niche resident DJ important in the early sound","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Reflective Records","city":"Sheffield","founded":2002,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"All Around the World","city":"Blackpool","founded":1991,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Jump Records","city":"Birmingham","founded":2003,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"T2 feat. Jodie Aysha","title":"Heartbroken","year":2007,"label":"All Around the World","catalogNumber":"12GLOBE760","why":"The bassline record that reached number two in the UK chart.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1157819","youtube":{"id":"KG28976TmDM","channel":"T2VEVO","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"w_Chrqwt-Hk","channel":"Spinnin' Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Big Ang feat. Siobhan","title":"It's Over Now","year":2005,"label":"Reflective Records","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A bassline chart hit from the Sheffield scene.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/374480-Big-Ang-Feat-Siobhan-Its-Over-Now","youtube":{"id":"b7POXMXsMXI","channel":"SteveAATW","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"_NTbHdDmkSI","channel":"Big Ang - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"DJ Q feat. K Dot","title":"Bassline","year":2015,"label":"Local Action","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A later track from the producer who led the bassline scene.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/32960688-DJ-Q-3-Ft-K-Dot-Bassline","youtube":{"id":"gxddutzk6XI","channel":"UKF","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"speed-garage","type":"evolved_from","note":"Bassline grew from the speed garage played in northern clubs.","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"id":"uk-garage","type":"evolved_from","note":"It is part of the UK garage family.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"grime","type":"influenced","note":"Later bassline tracks took ideas from grime and dubstep.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Bassline (music genre)","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassline_(music_genre)","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"A history of bassline","author":"Matt Anniss","publisher":"DJ Mag","year":null,"url":"https://djmag.com/features/history-bassline","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s3","title":"Nightclubbing: Sheffield's Niche","author":null,"publisher":"Red Bull Music Academy Daily","year":2015,"url":"https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2015/09/nightclubbing-niche","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["Bassline is also called 'niche' or '4x4'. Some writers treat it as a form of UK garage and others as a separate genre."],"color":"#c4519e"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"dubstep","name":"Dubstep","aliases":[],"family":"uk-bass","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2000,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2005,"peakEnd":2010},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":138,"max":146,"typical":140},"summary":"South London bass style with heavy sub-bass and sparse half-step drums.","history":"Dubstep began in South London in the early 2000s [s1]. It grew from UK garage and mixed 2-step rhythms with sparse dub production [s1][s2]. It also used ideas from broken beat, grime and drum and bass [s1]. The music has syncopated rhythms, heavy bass and a dark mood [s1]. In 2001 the sound was played at the London club Plastic People at the Forward night [s1]. It was also played on the pirate radio station Rinse FM [s1]. The word dubstep first appeared in 2001 [s1]. Labels such as Big Apple and Tempa used it from 2002 [s1]. BBC DJ John Peel played dubstep in 2003 [s1]. Interest grew after 2005 through websites and music magazines such as The Wire [s1]. Skream, Digital Mystikz and Burial became well-known artists [s1]. The style later became a global sound and changed a lot [s1]. It is usually played at about 140 beats per minute [s1].","sound":["Heavy sub-bass","Sparse, syncopated half-step drums","A dark, tense mood","Echo and reverb like Jamaican dub","A tempo around 140 beats per minute"],"figures":[{"name":"Skream","role":"Producer behind a defining early dubstep record","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Digital Mystikz","role":"South London duo central to the scene","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Burial","role":"South London producer known for atmospheric dubstep","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Kode9","role":"Producer, DJ and founder of Hyperdub","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Tempa","city":"London","founded":2000,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"DMZ","city":"London","founded":2004,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Hyperdub","city":"London","founded":2004,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Big Apple Records","city":"London","founded":2001,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Skream","title":"Midnight Request Line","year":2005,"label":"Tempa","catalogNumber":"TEMPA 014","why":"A record often named as the track that took dubstep to a wider audience.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2497941-Skream-Midnight-Request-Line-I","youtube":{"id":"lcMAbnZy8l8","channel":"Skream","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"p6WJYe6n-l8","channel":"mutezmadeit","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Digital Mystikz","title":"Anti War Dub","year":2006,"label":"DMZ","catalogNumber":"dmz007","why":"A dubstep classic from the duo at the centre of the South London scene.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1939904-Digital-Mystikz-Haunted-Anti-War-Dub","youtube":{"id":"zTFsnRCK5h4","channel":"GetDarker","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"vcSJPwmfcT0","channel":"bassweightlove","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Burial","title":"Archangel","year":2007,"label":"Hyperdub","catalogNumber":"none","why":"An atmospheric dubstep track that reached a large audience.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1567293-Burial-Archangel","youtube":{"id":"8k_f2QK77ew","channel":"Hyperdub","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"E2qLD9c3Gq4","channel":"NotSkye","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"uk-garage","type":"evolved_from","note":"Dubstep grew directly out of UK garage.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"2-step-garage","type":"evolved_from","note":"It kept the sparse, syncopated 2-step rhythm.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"drum-and-bass","type":"influenced","note":"Its heavy bass and dark mood come partly from drum and bass.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"dub","type":"influenced","note":"Its echo and space come from Jamaican dub.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Dubstep","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubstep","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"The Wire 300: Simon Reynolds on the Hardcore Continuum","author":"Simon Reynolds","publisher":"The Wire","year":null,"url":"https://www.thewire.co.uk/in-writing/essays/the-wire-300_simon-reynolds-on-the-hardcore-continuum_introduction","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["Dubstep later split into many sub-styles (brostep, tearout, deep dubstep). V2 adds only the root node; a V3 should split it out."],"color":"#c4519e"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"future-garage","name":"Future Garage","aliases":["Post-Dubstep"],"family":"uk-bass","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2008,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2009,"peakEnd":2013},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":130,"max":140,"typical":135},"summary":"Melancholy, atmospheric garage revival with pitched vocal chops and swing.","history":"Future garage mixes UK garage with softer parts of 2-step garage [s1]. It has an off-kilter, swung rhythm [s1]. Its main sounds are pitched vocal chops and warm filtered bass [s1]. It also uses dark pads, field recordings and vinyl crackle [s1]. The tempo usually runs from 130 to 140 beats per minute [s1]. The style is influenced by UK garage, 2-step, grime and 'dark swing' [s1]. It aims for a futuristic and often off-kilter sound [s1]. The name was used by the producer Whistla before a future garage forum appeared in late 2009 [s1]. Writers and producers argued about the name even then [s2]. Joy Orbison, James Blake and Mount Kimbie became the well-known artists linked to it [s2]. The music is often quiet and emotional [s2]. It is close to the wider UK bass sound of the same years [s1]. The style is sometimes labelled post-dubstep instead [s2].","sound":["Pitched, chopped vocal samples","Warm, filtered bass","Dark pads and vinyl crackle","Swinging, off-grid hi-hats","A quiet, emotional mood"],"figures":[{"name":"Whistla","role":"Producer who used and promoted the name future garage","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Joy Orbison","role":"Producer behind a defining post-dubstep track","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"James Blake","role":"Producer and singer linked to the sound","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Mount Kimbie","role":"Duo linked to post-dubstep and future garage","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Hotflush Recordings","city":"London","founded":2003,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"R&S Records","city":"Ghent","founded":1984,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Hotflush","city":"London","founded":2003,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Joy Orbison","title":"Hyph Mngo","year":2009,"label":"Hotflush Recordings","catalogNumber":"HFT009","why":"A track often named as the start of the post-dubstep and future garage sound.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1966779-Joy-Orbison-Hyph-Mngo","youtube":{"id":"Aa_PDKKc2_A","channel":"Hotflush Recordings","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"2QZxRkPN14w","channel":"Joy Orbison - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"James Blake","title":"CMYK","year":2010,"label":"R&S Records","catalogNumber":"RS 1003 CDR","why":"An early James Blake track that mixed garage, R&B and bass.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2425674-James-Blake-CMYK-EP","youtube":{"id":"G-4qRMKuH80","channel":"R&S Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"rqScKIZaurE","channel":"DubOfTheDay2010","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Mount Kimbie","title":"Made to Stray","year":2013,"label":"Hotflush Recordings","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A later record from a duo linked to future garage and post-dubstep.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/10895754-Mount-Kimbie-Made-To-Stray","youtube":{"id":"7SfFInoSotg","channel":"Mount Kimbie","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"YdYj-jCcMFg","channel":"Mount Kimbie","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"2-step-garage","type":"evolved_from","note":"Future garage brings back the 2-step garage rhythm.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"dubstep","type":"influenced","note":"It came from the post-dubstep scene and keeps some of its atmosphere.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"uk-garage","type":"influenced","note":"Its vocals and swing come from UK garage.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Future garage","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_garage","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Wot do u call it: future garage?","author":"Martin Clark","publisher":"Blackdown","year":2009,"url":"http://blackdownsoundboy.blogspot.com/2009/11/wot-do-u-call-it-future-garage.html","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["The name future garage was disputed even when it was created. Some writers prefer 'post-dubstep'. The two are treated as the same node here."],"color":"#c4519e"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"grime","name":"Grime","aliases":[],"family":"uk-bass","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2001,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2003,"peakEnd":2016},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":138,"max":142,"typical":140},"summary":"London MC-led style over sparse, hard beats at about 140 BPM.","history":"Grime began in London in the early 2000s [s1]. It grew from UK garage and takes influence from jungle, dancehall and hip hop [s1]. The music has fast, syncopated breakbeats, usually around 140 beats per minute [s1]. The sound is often aggressive and jagged [s1]. MCing is a central part of the style [s1]. The lyrics often describe city life [s1]. Grime spread through pirate radio stations and underground parties [s1]. Wiley released the instrumental 'Eskimo' in 2002 and is often named as the creator of grime [s2]. Dizzee Rascal's 'I Luv U' followed in 2003 [s2]. His album Boy in Da Corner won the Mercury Prize that year [s2]. Other early names included Kano, Lethal Bizzle and Skepta [s1]. The scene also used tools such as Lord of the Mics and RWD magazine [s1]. Grime's rise has often been compared to punk rock [s1]. Pirate radio stations such as Rinse FM were its main home [s2].","sound":["Fast, syncopated breakbeats","Heavy, aggressive bass","Sparse, jagged melodies","Rapped vocals from MCs","A tempo around 140 beats per minute"],"figures":[{"name":"Wiley","role":"Producer and MC often called the creator of grime","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Dizzee Rascal","role":"MC whose early records brought grime attention","sourceRefs":["s1","s2"]},{"name":"Skepta","role":"London MC and a leading grime artist","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Kano","role":"London MC from the early grime scene","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Wiley Kat Records","city":"London","founded":2002,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"XL Recordings","city":"London","founded":1989,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Boy Better Know","city":"London","founded":2005,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Rinse Recordings","city":"London","founded":2006,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Wiley","title":"Eskimo","year":2002,"label":"Wiley Kat Records","catalogNumber":"WK003","why":"The instrumental often named as the record that invented grime.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/320262-Wiley-Kat-Eskimo","youtube":{"id":"u3rWH9pWkVQ","channel":"Wiley - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"mO3dl25gR_g","channel":"Mario Choons","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Dizzee Rascal","title":"I Luv U","year":2003,"label":"XL Recordings","catalogNumber":"none","why":"An early grime record that brought the style national attention.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/4897712-Dizzee-Rascal-I-Luv-U","youtube":{"id":"YH0KWX2a8zY","channel":"XL Recordings","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"ubesJeT9Bus","channel":"Dizzee Rascal","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Skepta feat. JME","title":"That's Not Me","year":2014,"label":"Boy Better Know","catalogNumber":"none","why":"A later grime record that became a defining track of the scene.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/6071892-Skepta-Ft-JME-Thats-Not-Me","youtube":{"id":"_xQKWnvtg6c","channel":"3 Beat","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"HOR-C3tFTjU","channel":"SBTV Music","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"uk-garage","type":"evolved_from","note":"Grime developed from the UK garage scene.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"2-step-garage","type":"evolved_from","note":"It kept the broken rhythms of 2-step while dropping its soulful side.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"jungle","type":"influenced","note":"Its speed and broken beats come partly from jungle.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"hip-hop-breaks","type":"influenced","note":"Its MC-led style comes from hip hop.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Grime music","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grime_music","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"A brief history of grime","author":null,"publisher":"Time Out","year":null,"url":"https://www.timeout.com/music/a-brief-history-of-grime","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":["Grime has many sub-scenes (instrumental grime, road rap, eskibeat). V2 adds only the root node; a V3 should split it out."],"color":"#c4519e"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"riddim","name":"Riddim","aliases":["Riddim Dubstep"],"family":"uk-bass","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2010,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2015,"peakEnd":2020},"origins":[{"city":"Croydon","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":140,"max":150,"typical":145},"summary":"Repetitive, aggressive dubstep built on minimal sub-bass patterns.","history":"Riddim is a subgenre of dubstep [s1]. It is known for repetitive, minimal sub-bass and triplet drum patterns [s1]. The name comes from the Jamaican word for rhythm [s1]. It began in Croydon, in the United Kingdom, in the early 2010s [s1]. The style looks back to the simple bass patterns of early dubstep [s1]. It became more widely known around 2015 [s1]. Jakes is named by many writers as the first riddim artist [s1]. Subfiltronik helped shape the sound that followed [s1]. Riddim tracks often have short, repeated bass patterns instead of melodies [s2]. The bass is heavy and distorted [s2]. Some listeners criticise the style for being too repetitive [s1]. Others like its raw, physical energy [s2]. Riddim became popular at large bass music festivals [s1]. It is a single node in V2; its own sub-styles are not added [s1]. Many riddim producers release their music online and play at bass festivals [s2].","sound":["A repetitive, minimal sub-bass pattern","Triplet drum arrangements","Heavy, distorted bass","Short drops with few melodies","A tempo around 145 beats per minute"],"figures":[{"name":"Jakes","role":"Producer named by many as the first riddim artist","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Subfiltronik","role":"Producer who helped establish the riddim sound","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Rusko","role":"Dubstep producer whose bass patterns pointed towards riddim","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Virtual Riot","role":"Producer of riddim and bass music","sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Disciple","city":"Los Angeles","founded":2013,"sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"Hench","city":"Bristol","founded":2008,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Anbu Riddim","city":"United States","founded":2015,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Subfiltronik","title":"Blockz","year":2014,"label":"Hench","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A riddim track from a producer who helped establish the sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Subfiltronik+Blockz&type=release","youtube":{"id":"xRcxA56hdmQ","channel":"TheDubCritic","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"HkMep2LkFLs","channel":"The Dub Rebellion","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Virtual Riot & INFEKT","title":"Das Riddim","year":2019,"label":"Disciple","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A later riddim track from two well-known bass producers.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Virtual+Riot+INFEKT+Das+Riddim&type=release","youtube":{"id":"YpIJB-xhf_M","channel":"Disciple","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"qIMrsPIgeZg","channel":"The Dub Rebellion","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Jakes","title":"Warped","year":2010,"label":"Hench","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A record from the producer often named as the first riddim artist.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Jakes+riddim&type=release","youtube":null,"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"dubstep","type":"evolved_from","note":"Riddim is a subgenre of dubstep.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"dub","type":"influenced","note":"Its name and repeating bass patterns come from Jamaican dub and dancehall.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Riddim (genre)","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riddim_(genre)","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"Riddim: A Brief History","author":"Liz Small","publisher":"Relentless Beats","year":2019,"url":"https://relentlessbeats.com/2019/04/riddim-a-brief-history","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["Riddim is a single node in V2; its sub-styles are not added. The Jakes track has no verified single upload and its `youtube` is null. The title 'Warped' should be confirmed on Discogs."],"color":"#c4519e"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"speed-garage","name":"Speed Garage","aliases":["4x4 Garage","Plus-8"],"family":"uk-bass","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":1995,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":1997,"peakEnd":1998},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":130,"max":140,"typical":135},"summary":"UK garage with a house four-to-the-floor and a heavy, warped jungle bass.","history":"Speed garage is a form of UK garage that began in London in the mid-1990s [s1]. The name was first heard widely in early 1997 [s1]. It describes New York garage house played faster, at about 130 beats per minute [s1]. The sound was developed first by American producers such as Todd Edwards and Armand Van Helden [s1]. Van Helden's remix of CJ Bolland's 'Sugar is Sweeter' is often called the first true speed garage record [s1]. Speed garage mixes sped-up garage rhythms with breakbeats [s1]. Snares fall in unusual places in the drum pattern [s1]. It uses warped, heavy basslines influenced by jungle and reggae [s1]. Sweeping bass and breakdowns are common [s1]. It often uses jungle and dub effects such as gunshots and sirens [s1]. The style reached its commercial peak in 1997 and 1998 [s1]. Double 99's 'Ripgroove' was one of its biggest records [s2]. Speed garage was a direct forerunner of 2-step garage and bassline [s1].","sound":["A four-to-the-floor kick at about 135 beats per minute","Warped, sweeping basslines","Snares in unusual places","Jungle and dub sound effects","Time-stretched vocal samples"],"figures":[{"name":"Armand Van Helden","role":"American producer often credited with the first speed garage record","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Todd Edwards","role":"American producer whose garage sound shaped the style","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Double 99","role":"British act behind 'Ripgroove'","sourceRefs":["s2"]},{"name":"187 Lockdown","role":"British speed garage act","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Ice Cream Records","city":"London","founded":1996,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Satellite Records","city":"London","founded":1995,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Skint Records","city":"Brighton","founded":1995,"sourceRefs":["s2"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Double 99","title":"Ripgroove","year":1997,"label":"Satellite Records","catalogNumber":"74321 52523 1","why":"A speed garage anthem that helped define the style.","evidence":["s2"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/304326-Double-99-Ripgroove","youtube":{"id":"uR3Vw8J8vUo","channel":"Skint Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"QCYWlJ90z6k","channel":"Double 99 - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Tina Moore","title":"Never Gonna Let You Go (Kelly G Bump-N-Go Mix)","year":1995,"label":"Delirious","catalogNumber":"CDBMGS(WS)141","why":"A garage vocal track whose speed garage remix became a classic.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/4214389-Tina-Moore-Never-Gonna-Let-You-Go","youtube":{"id":"3kuTKR_D4nM","channel":"Tina Moore - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"W1Y4Tc0Lb3U","channel":"Watch Records","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"187 Lockdown","title":"Gunman","year":1997,"label":"EastWest","catalogNumber":"EW176T","why":"A speed garage hit with the style's warped bass and gunshot samples.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/95267-187-Lockdown-Gunman","youtube":{"id":"3N62q9rFKVM","channel":"Selectah!","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"clnEkzPF_4Y","channel":"DJ Zsori Eurodance Official","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"uk-garage","type":"evolved_from","note":"Speed garage is the faster, bass-heavy form of UK garage.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"garage-house","type":"fusion_of","note":"It is sped-up New York garage house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"jungle","type":"influenced","note":"Its basslines and effects come from jungle.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"Speed garage","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_garage","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"A history of speed garage","author":null,"publisher":"Toucan Music","year":null,"url":"https://www.toucanmusic.com/articles/speedgarage","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"high","openQuestions":[],"color":"#c4519e"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"uk-bass","name":"UK Bass","aliases":["Bass Music","Post-Dubstep"],"family":"uk-bass","isMarketingLabel":true,"era":{"start":2008,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2010,"peakEnd":2014},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":130,"max":145,"typical":140},"summary":"An umbrella name for UK club styles that mix house, garage, grime and dubstep.","history":"UK bass, also called bass music, appeared in the United Kingdom in the mid-2000s [s1]. It takes influence from house, grime, dubstep, future garage, R&B and UK funky [s1]. Artists began to blend these styles while keeping a focus on bass and percussion [s1]. The term is not one exact genre [s1][s2]. Pitchfork writer Martin Clark said that trying to define it exactly is almost impossible [s1]. Dubstep producer Skream said in 2011 that 'UK bass' was a better name than dubstep for what many artists were making [s1]. The music had mainstream success in the late 2000s and early 2010s [s1]. James Blake, Benga, Burial, SBTRKT, Zomby and Skream were among the well-known names [s1]. The term is sometimes confused with bassline and with post-dubstep [s1]. It is also different from Miami bass, an American hip hop style [s1]. UK bass is mainly a press and club category [s1].","sound":["A focus on bass and percussion","A mix of house, garage and dubstep ideas","Sparse, modern arrangements","A tempo around 140 beats per minute","No single fixed sound"],"figures":[{"name":"Skream","role":"Dubstep producer who supported the term UK bass","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"James Blake","role":"Producer and singer linked to the sound","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"SBTRKT","role":"British producer in the UK bass scene","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Joker","role":"Bristol producer of colourful bass music","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"Hyperdub","city":"London","founded":2004,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Hotflush Recordings","city":"London","founded":2003,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Young Turks","city":"London","founded":2006,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Joker","title":"Tron","year":2009,"label":"Hyperdub","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A colourful bass music track from the UK bass era.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/2222049-Joker-Tron","youtube":{"id":"Ud8PfC32wn4","channel":"Joker - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"H2D3ZM0aEzU","channel":"ProfessorDirt","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"SBTRKT feat. Little Dragon","title":"Wildfire","year":2011,"label":"Young Turks","catalogNumber":"YT061DSBEA","why":"A UK bass record that crossed into the pop charts.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3567291-SBTRKT-Wildfire","youtube":{"id":"A-LEiOzXHWM","channel":"Young","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"ZdUINbi4wSY","channel":"Young","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Kode9 & Spaceape","title":"9 Samurai","year":2006,"label":"Hyperdub","catalogNumber":"HYP004","why":"An early record that connects dubstep, grime and the later UK bass sound.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/1782407-Kode9-The-Space-Ape-Backward-9-Samurai","youtube":{"id":"10IpfCRrUWI","channel":"Hyperdub","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"sICQBrqX06E","channel":"Kode 9 - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}}],"parents":[{"id":"dubstep","type":"evolved_from","note":"UK bass grew out of the dubstep scene and its later changes.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"grime","type":"evolved_from","note":"It shares the sparse, bass-led sound of grime.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"uk-funky","type":"evolved_from","note":"It mixes in the house and funky rhythms of UK funky.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"uk-garage","type":"influenced","note":"Its swing and vocal chops come from UK garage.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"UK bass","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_bass","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"The Wire 300: Simon Reynolds on the Hardcore Continuum","author":"Simon Reynolds","publisher":"The Wire","year":null,"url":"https://www.thewire.co.uk/in-writing/essays/the-wire-300_simon-reynolds-on-the-hardcore-continuum_introduction","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["UK bass is a press and club category, not a self-named scene, so it is marked `isMarketingLabel: true`. It is sometimes used as a synonym for post-dubstep."],"color":"#c4519e"},{"schemaVersion":1,"id":"uk-funky","name":"UK Funky","aliases":["Funky","UKF"],"family":"uk-bass","isMarketingLabel":false,"era":{"start":2007,"startApprox":true,"peakStart":2008,"peakEnd":2011},"origins":[{"city":"London","country":"United Kingdom"}],"bpm":{"min":125,"max":135,"typical":130},"summary":"A London house and garage mix with African and Caribbean rhythms and vocals.","history":"UK funky, sometimes called funky, began in England in the late 2000s [s1][s2]. It is influenced by soca, soulful house, tribal house, funky house, UK garage, broken beat and grime [s1]. The music usually plays at about 130 beats per minute [s1]. Drum patterns vary between a four-to-the-floor beat and a syncopated style [s1]. African and Latin percussion is common [s1]. The vocals are often in a contemporary R&B style [s1]. American house producers such as Masters at Work and Karizma influenced the sound [s1]. The Crazy Cousinz track 'Do You Mind' was one of the biggest hits [s1]. Other hits included 'Bongo Jam' and Fuzzy Logik's 'In The Morning' [s1]. Donae'o's 'Party Hard' and Roska's records also became well known [s1]. The music created several dance crazes, such as the 'Migraine Skank' [s1]. UK funky lost popularity after about 2011 [s1]. Its sound was also close to broken beat and funky house [s1].","sound":["A tempo around 130 beats per minute","African and Latin percussion","Soulful house chords","R&B-style vocals","A four-to-the-floor or syncopated beat"],"figures":[{"name":"Crazy Cousinz","role":"London act behind UK funky hits","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Donae'o","role":"British singer and producer in the scene","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Roska","role":"British producer of UK funky","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Marcus Nasty","role":"British DJ important to the scene","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"labels":[{"name":"UKF Music","city":"London","founded":2009,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"My-ish","city":"London","founded":2008,"sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"name":"Roska Kicks & Snares","city":"London","founded":2009,"sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"tracks":[{"artist":"Crazy Cousinz feat. Kyla","title":"Do You Mind","year":2007,"label":"UKF Music","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A UK funky anthem and one of the style's biggest hits. The Crazy Cousinz remix is the defining UK funky version.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/3967395-Kyla-Do-You-Mind-Crazy-Cousinz-Mix","youtube":{"id":"G0c8qfMbMac","channel":"Crazy Cousinz","uploaderType":"artist","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"egxqjDjrFfQ","channel":"Sweet Treats","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Donae'o","title":"Party Hard","year":2009,"label":"My-ish","catalogNumber":"MMD 001","why":"A UK funky record that became a club and chart favourite.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/release/15863315-Donaeo-Party-Hard","youtube":{"id":"5OR6jiM5id4","channel":"Donae'o - Topic","uploaderType":"topic","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":{"id":"WPBb_oJbM6c","channel":"SocaVsDancehall","uploaderType":"fan","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0}},{"artist":"Roska x Serocee feat. Nane","title":"Gimme That","year":2011,"label":"Roska Kicks & Snares","catalogNumber":null,"why":"A UK funky track from a central producer of the style.","evidence":["s1"],"discogsUrl":"https://www.discogs.com/search/?q=Roska+Gimme+That&type=release","youtube":{"id":"mVpe1v2JlXM","channel":"UTROPICA Music","uploaderType":"label","embeddable":true,"startSeconds":0,"checkedAt":"2026-10-03"},"backup":null}],"parents":[{"id":"uk-garage","type":"evolved_from","note":"UK funky has clear rhythmic and vocal links to UK garage.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"garage-house","type":"influenced","note":"Its soulful, vocal house sound comes partly from garage house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]},{"id":"afro-house","type":"influenced","note":"Its African percussion is close to afro house.","sourceRefs":["s1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","title":"UK funky","author":null,"publisher":"Wikipedia","year":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_funky","type":"encyclopedia","accessed":"2026-10-03"},{"id":"s2","title":"The Lasting Legacy of UK Funky","author":"Will Gulseven","publisher":"Beatportal","year":2021,"url":"https://www.beatportal.com/articles/399902-the-lasting-legacy-of-uk-funky","type":"article","accessed":"2026-10-03"}],"l2djLinks":[],"confidence":"medium","openQuestions":["UK funky is sometimes treated as a house style and sometimes as part of the UK bass family. The plan keeps it in uk-bass with parents in house and uk-garage."],"color":"#c4519e"}],"edges":[{"from":"breakbeat","to":"big-beat","type":"evolved_from","note":"Big beat is a loud, chart-facing form of breakbeat."},{"from":"hip-hop-breaks","to":"big-beat","type":"influenced","note":"Its samples come largely from hip hop and funk breaks."},{"from":"breakbeat-hardcore","to":"big-beat","type":"influenced","note":"It shares the rave energy of early breakbeat hardcore."},{"from":"hip-hop-breaks","to":"breakbeat","type":"evolved_from","note":"Breakbeat grew from the hip hop use of funk drum breaks."},{"from":"electro","to":"breakbeat","type":"influenced","note":"Early breakbeat borrowed the drum machines and synths of electro."},{"from":"funk-boogie","to":"breakbeat","type":"influenced","note":"Its samples come mostly from funk and boogie records."},{"from":"uk-garage","to":"breakstep","type":"evolved_from","note":"Breakstep grew from the 2-step UK garage sound."},{"from":"nu-skool-breaks","to":"breakstep","type":"influenced","note":"It shared the broken beats of the UK breaks scene."},{"from":"drum-and-bass","to":"breakstep","type":"influenced","note":"Its basslines came from downtempo drum and bass."},{"from":"drum-and-bass","to":"broken-beat","type":"evolved_from","note":"Broken beat grew from the abstract side of drum and bass."},{"from":"garage-house","to":"broken-beat","type":"influenced","note":"Its soulful vocals and warm chords come from garage and soulful house."},{"from":"jungle","to":"broken-beat","type":"influenced","note":"Its broken rhythms come partly from jungle."},{"from":"breakbeat","to":"chemical-breaks","type":"regional_variant","note":"Chemical breaks is the Australian form of breakbeat."},{"from":"nu-skool-breaks","to":"chemical-breaks","type":"influenced","note":"It takes its modern, technical sound from nu skool breaks."},{"from":"breakbeat","to":"florida-breaks","type":"regional_variant","note":"Florida breaks is the Floridian form of breakbeat music."},{"from":"electro","to":"florida-breaks","type":"influenced","note":"It takes its drum-machine sound from electro and Miami bass."},{"from":"hip-hop-breaks","to":"florida-breaks","type":"influenced","note":"Its sampled beats come from hip hop and funk."},{"from":"breakbeat","to":"nu-skool-breaks","type":"evolved_from","note":"Nu skool breaks is a modern British form of breakbeat."},{"from":"big-beat","to":"nu-skool-breaks","type":"influenced","note":"It reacted against big beat by using fewer samples and new sounds."},{"from":"drum-and-bass","to":"nu-skool-breaks","type":"influenced","note":"Its detailed drum edits come partly from drum and bass."},{"from":"jungle","to":"atmospheric-dnb","type":"evolved_from","note":"Atmospheric drum and bass grew from jungle but softened its sound."},{"from":"ambient","to":"atmospheric-dnb","type":"influenced","note":"Its long pads and calm atmosphere come from ambient music."},{"from":"drum-and-bass","to":"atmospheric-dnb","type":"regional_variant","note":"It is the calm, melodic wing of drum and bass."},{"from":"hip-hop-breaks","to":"breakbeat-hardcore","type":"evolved_from","note":"Breakbeat hardcore was built from chopped hip hop drum breaks."},{"from":"chicago-house","to":"breakbeat-hardcore","type":"influenced","note":"The four-to-the-floor house kick and piano sounds shaped early hardcore."},{"from":"ebm","to":"breakbeat-hardcore","type":"influenced","note":"Its loud electronic stabs and energy come partly from EBM."},{"from":"breakbeat-hardcore","to":"darkcore","type":"evolved_from","note":"Darkcore was the darker wing of breakbeat hardcore."},{"from":"hip-hop-breaks","to":"darkcore","type":"influenced","note":"It kept the chopped hip hop breakbeats of hardcore."},{"from":"industrial","to":"darkcore","type":"influenced","note":"Its dark, tense mood comes partly from industrial music."},{"from":"jungle","to":"drum-and-bass","type":"evolved_from","note":"Drum and bass is the later, faster name for jungle's sound."},{"from":"darkcore","to":"drum-and-bass","type":"influenced","note":"The darkcore sound led into the harder drum and bass styles."},{"from":"dub","to":"drum-and-bass","type":"influenced","note":"Deep bass and echo effects come from Jamaican dub."},{"from":"drum-and-bass","to":"halftime","type":"evolved_from","note":"Halftime slows down the drum pattern of drum and bass."},{"from":"minimal-dnb","to":"halftime","type":"influenced","note":"Its space and detail come from minimal drum and bass."},{"from":"dub","to":"halftime","type":"influenced","note":"The heavy bass and echo effects come from dub and sound-system music."},{"from":"jungle","to":"jump-up","type":"evolved_from","note":"Jump-up grew from the loud, ragga-influenced side of jungle."},{"from":"drum-and-bass","to":"jump-up","type":"influenced","note":"It uses the fast drum and bass framework."},{"from":"ragga-jungle","to":"jump-up","type":"influenced","note":"Shouted vocals and heavy bass come from ragga jungle."},{"from":"breakbeat-hardcore","to":"jungle","type":"evolved_from","note":"Jungle grew directly from the darker end of breakbeat hardcore."},{"from":"darkcore","to":"jungle","type":"evolved_from","note":"The darkcore sound led straight into jungle."},{"from":"dub","to":"jungle","type":"influenced","note":"Deep bass and reggae echoes come from Jamaican dub and sound systems."},{"from":"hip-hop-breaks","to":"jungle","type":"influenced","note":"Its chopped drum breaks are taken from hip hop and funk records."},{"from":"drum-and-bass","to":"liquid-dnb","type":"evolved_from","note":"Liquid is the soulful, melodic wing of drum and bass."},{"from":"jungle","to":"liquid-dnb","type":"influenced","note":"It brought back the soulful vocal feeling of early jungle."},{"from":"atmospheric-dnb","to":"liquid-dnb","type":"influenced","note":"Its warm chords and calm mood come from atmospheric drum and bass."},{"from":"drum-and-bass","to":"minimal-dnb","type":"evolved_from","note":"Minimal drum and bass strips drum and bass back to a few sounds."},{"from":"ambient","to":"minimal-dnb","type":"influenced","note":"Its quiet, spacious sound comes from ambient music."},{"from":"dub-techno","to":"minimal-dnb","type":"influenced","note":"The deep, echoing bass is close to dub techno."},{"from":"techstep","to":"neurofunk","type":"evolved_from","note":"Neurofunk grew directly from the dark, mechanical techstep sound."},{"from":"drum-and-bass","to":"neurofunk","type":"influenced","note":"It uses the fast drum and bass framework."},{"from":"industrial","to":"neurofunk","type":"influenced","note":"Its harsh, dark textures come partly from industrial music."},{"from":"jungle","to":"ragga-jungle","type":"evolved_from","note":"Ragga jungle is jungle with ragga and dancehall vocals added."},{"from":"dub","to":"ragga-jungle","type":"influenced","note":"Its bass, echo and sound-system style come from Jamaican dub."},{"from":"breakbeat-hardcore","to":"ragga-jungle","type":"influenced","note":"The fast breakbeats come from breakbeat hardcore."},{"from":"drum-and-bass","to":"techstep","type":"evolved_from","note":"Techstep grew from drum and bass as it became harder and cleaner."},{"from":"darkcore","to":"techstep","type":"influenced","note":"Its dark, serious mood continues the darkcore tradition."},{"from":"uk-techno","to":"techstep","type":"influenced","note":"Its clean, machine-like production was shaped by British techno."},{"from":"hard-house","to":"bounce","type":"evolved_from","note":"Bounce is a bouncy, northern form of hard house."},{"from":"hard-nrg","to":"bounce","type":"influenced","note":"It shares the fast, hard drive of hard NRG."},{"from":"bouncy-techno","to":"bounce","type":"influenced","note":"Its bouncy feel is close to the Scottish bouncy techno sound."},{"from":"hardcore-techno","to":"bouncy-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Bouncy techno is a Scottish, happier form of hardcore techno."},{"from":"hard-house","to":"bouncy-techno","type":"influenced","note":"It shares the fast, hard club drive of hard house."},{"from":"hi-nrg","to":"bouncy-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its happy, energetic mood comes partly from hi-NRG."},{"from":"hardstyle","to":"euphoric-hardstyle","type":"evolved_from","note":"Euphoric hardstyle is the melodic branch of hardstyle."},{"from":"hi-nrg","to":"eurodance","type":"fusion_of","note":"Eurodance took the fast, sung dance sound of hi-NRG."},{"from":"hip-hop-breaks","to":"eurodance","type":"fusion_of","note":"Its rapped verses come from hip hop."},{"from":"synth-pop","to":"eurodance","type":"influenced","note":"Its catchy synthesizer hooks come partly from synth-pop."},{"from":"eurodance","to":"hands-up","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hands up kept the sung hooks and pop structure of Eurodance."},{"from":"happy-hardcore","to":"hands-up","type":"influenced","note":"Its fast, happy mood comes partly from happy hardcore."},{"from":"trance","to":"hands-up","type":"influenced","note":"Its supersaw leads come from commercial trance."},{"from":"hard-house","to":"hard-dance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hard house is one of the main styles inside the hard dance group."},{"from":"hard-trance","to":"hard-dance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hard trance is another main style in the group."},{"from":"hardstyle","to":"hard-dance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hardstyle is the Dutch style usually placed under the hard dance name."},{"from":"hardcore-techno","to":"hard-dance","type":"influenced","note":"Hardcore gave the whole family its speed and hard kicks."},{"from":"acid-house","to":"hard-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hard house grew from the British house and acid house scene."},{"from":"hi-nrg","to":"hard-house","type":"influenced","note":"Its fast, energetic feel comes partly from hi-NRG."},{"from":"trance","to":"hard-house","type":"influenced","note":"Early trance sounds shaped its melodies and build-ups."},{"from":"hard-house","to":"hard-nrg","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hard NRG grew directly from the British hard house scene."},{"from":"hard-trance","to":"hard-nrg","type":"fusion_of","note":"It takes its dark, hard sound from German hard trance."},{"from":"hi-nrg","to":"hard-nrg","type":"influenced","note":"The fast, relentless feel comes partly from hi-NRG."},{"from":"trance","to":"hard-trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hard trance is the hard, fast branch of trance."},{"from":"hard-house","to":"hard-trance","type":"influenced","note":"Its punchy drums and drive come partly from hard house."},{"from":"new-beat","to":"hard-trance","type":"influenced","note":"The Belgian new beat sound is one of its roots."},{"from":"hard-house","to":"hardbass","type":"influenced","note":"Hardbass grew from pumping house, a relative of hard house."},{"from":"hardstyle","to":"hardbass","type":"influenced","note":"It takes some hard kick and melody ideas from hardstyle."},{"from":"bouncy-techno","to":"hardbass","type":"influenced","note":"Its fast, bouncy feel is close to bouncy techno."},{"from":"hard-trance","to":"hardstyle","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hardstyle grew from hard trance and its reverse bass."},{"from":"gabber","to":"hardstyle","type":"fusion_of","note":"It took the hard, distorted kick from gabber and hardcore."},{"from":"hard-house","to":"hardstyle","type":"influenced","note":"Its club feel comes partly from hard house."},{"from":"hardstyle","to":"jumpstyle","type":"evolved_from","note":"Jumpstyle grew from the hard dance and early hardstyle scene."},{"from":"hardcore-techno","to":"jumpstyle","type":"influenced","note":"Its hard kick and speed come from the hardcore family."},{"from":"hardstyle","to":"rawstyle","type":"evolved_from","note":"Rawstyle is the harder, less melodic branch of hardstyle."},{"from":"breakbeat-hardcore","to":"breakcore","type":"evolved_from","note":"Breakcore grew from the breakbeat hardcore and rave sound."},{"from":"jungle","to":"breakcore","type":"fusion_of","note":"It uses the chopped breakbeats of jungle."},{"from":"hardcore-techno","to":"breakcore","type":"fusion_of","note":"It takes its speed and distortion from hardcore techno."},{"from":"drum-and-bass","to":"crossbreed","type":"fusion_of","note":"Crossbreed keeps the tempo and breakbeats of drum and bass."},{"from":"hardcore-techno","to":"crossbreed","type":"fusion_of","note":"It adds the distorted kicks and intensity of hardcore techno."},{"from":"industrial-techno","to":"crossbreed","type":"influenced","note":"Its dark, industrial textures come from industrial techno."},{"from":"happy-hardcore","to":"freeform","type":"evolved_from","note":"Freeform came out of the happy hardcore scene in Britain."},{"from":"trance","to":"freeform","type":"influenced","note":"Its long melodies and build-ups borrow from trance."},{"from":"hardcore-techno","to":"frenchcore","type":"evolved_from","note":"Frenchcore is a French branch of hardcore techno."},{"from":"gabber","to":"frenchcore","type":"fusion_of","note":"It mixed hard Dutch and Belgian hardcore with French freetekno."},{"from":"hardcore-techno","to":"gabber","type":"evolved_from","note":"Gabber is the Dutch, faster branch of hardcore techno."},{"from":"acid-house","to":"gabber","type":"influenced","note":"House and acid house parties in the Netherlands came before gabber."},{"from":"new-beat","to":"gabber","type":"influenced","note":"New beat was part of the hard dance sound that gabber grew from."},{"from":"breakbeat-hardcore","to":"happy-hardcore","type":"evolved_from","note":"Happy hardcore is the upbeat branch of British breakbeat hardcore."},{"from":"hardcore-techno","to":"happy-hardcore","type":"fusion_of","note":"It also took from the hardcore techno made in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands."},{"from":"italo-house","to":"happy-hardcore","type":"influenced","note":"Its piano riffs and happy mood come partly from Italian house music."},{"from":"detroit-techno","to":"hardcore-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hardcore techno grew from the fast electronic beat of techno."},{"from":"acid-house","to":"hardcore-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Acid house was one of the styles that fed into early hardcore."},{"from":"new-beat","to":"hardcore-techno","type":"fusion_of","note":"The Belgian new beat sound was a direct ingredient."},{"from":"ebm","to":"hardcore-techno","type":"fusion_of","note":"Electronic body music gave hardcore its harsh, industrial edge."},{"from":"hardcore-techno","to":"j-core","type":"evolved_from","note":"J-core is the Japanese branch of hardcore techno."},{"from":"speedcore","to":"j-core","type":"fusion_of","note":"Many J-core tracks use speedcore tempos and sounds."},{"from":"breakcore","to":"j-core","type":"influenced","note":"Its use of sharp cuts and unusual samples is close to breakcore."},{"from":"gabber","to":"mainstream-hardcore","type":"evolved_from","note":"Mainstream hardcore is a slower, more polished form of gabber."},{"from":"industrial-techno","to":"mainstream-hardcore","type":"influenced","note":"Its industrial feel comes partly from hard industrial dance music."},{"from":"hardcore-techno","to":"makina","type":"evolved_from","note":"Makina is the Spanish branch of hardcore techno."},{"from":"happy-hardcore","to":"makina","type":"influenced","note":"It shares the happy, bouncy mood of British happy hardcore."},{"from":"eurodance","to":"makina","type":"influenced","note":"Its sung hooks and simple melodies come partly from Eurodance."},{"from":"hardcore-techno","to":"speedcore","type":"evolved_from","note":"Speedcore is hardcore techno pushed to much higher speeds."},{"from":"terrorcore","to":"speedcore","type":"evolved_from","note":"Speedcore grew from the same harsh, fast hardcore family as terrorcore."},{"from":"hardcore-techno","to":"terrorcore","type":"evolved_from","note":"Terrorcore is a harsher branch of hardcore techno."},{"from":"gabber","to":"terrorcore","type":"influenced","note":"It shares its fast beat and distortion with Dutch gabber."},{"from":"happy-hardcore","to":"uk-hardcore","type":"evolved_from","note":"UK hardcore is the post-1999, trance-influenced form of happy hardcore."},{"from":"trance","to":"uk-hardcore","type":"influenced","note":"Trance synthesizers and kick drums changed the hardcore sound."},{"from":"mainstream-hardcore","to":"uptempo-hardcore","type":"evolved_from","note":"Uptempo is the faster, harder branch of Dutch mainstream hardcore."},{"from":"hardcore-techno","to":"uptempo-hardcore","type":"influenced","note":"It keeps the speed and distortion of early hardcore techno."},{"from":"chicago-house","to":"acid-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Acid house grew directly out of Chicago house experiments."},{"from":"hi-nrg","to":"acid-house","type":"influenced","note":"The fast, electronic dance sound of the early 1980s shaped the tempo and energy."},{"from":"deep-house","to":"afro-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Afro house grew from deep house in South Africa."},{"from":"garage-house","to":"afro-house","type":"influenced","note":"Soulful singing and warm chords come from garage and soulful house."},{"from":"chicago-house","to":"afro-house","type":"influenced","note":"The four-to-the-floor house beat came from Chicago."},{"from":"afro-house","to":"afro-tech","type":"evolved_from","note":"Afro tech is a harder, more electronic form of afro house."},{"from":"deep-tech","to":"afro-tech","type":"fusion_of","note":"It shares the rolling, stripped-back drive of deep tech."},{"from":"kwaito","to":"amapiano","type":"evolved_from","note":"Amapiano grew out of kwaito and the South African house scene."},{"from":"deep-house","to":"amapiano","type":"fusion_of","note":"It uses the slow, deep chords of deep house."},{"from":"afro-house","to":"amapiano","type":"fusion_of","note":"It shares the African percussion and groove of afro house."},{"from":"disco","to":"balearic","type":"influenced","note":"Disco records were a core part of Balearic sets."},{"from":"ambient","to":"balearic","type":"influenced","note":"Calm, atmospheric music shaped the sunset side of the style."},{"from":"euro-disco","to":"balkan-pop-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Its bright melodies and dance beats come from European disco and dance-pop."},{"from":"italo-house","to":"balkan-pop-house","type":"influenced","note":"The piano and hook-led style is close to Italo house."},{"from":"hi-nrg","to":"balkan-pop-house","type":"influenced","note":"The fast, energetic feel comes from hi-NRG."},{"from":"future-house","to":"bass-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Bass house grew from the future house sound and made the bass heavier."},{"from":"uk-garage","to":"bass-house","type":"influenced","note":"Its shuffled drums and bass weight come from UK garage."},{"from":"electro-house","to":"bass-house","type":"influenced","note":"The loud, distorted bass is close to electro house."},{"from":"electro-house","to":"big-room","type":"evolved_from","note":"Big room grew from the loud electro house sound."},{"from":"dutch-house","to":"big-room","type":"influenced","note":"Dutch producers and their hard, simple riffs shaped it."},{"from":"progressive-house","to":"big-room","type":"influenced","note":"The long build-up comes from progressive house structure."},{"from":"disco","to":"chicago-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Chicago DJs reworked disco records and made new tracks in the same spirit."},{"from":"funk-boogie","to":"chicago-house","type":"influenced","note":"Boogie and funk bass and chord sounds shaped the first house records."},{"from":"chicago-house","to":"deep-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Deep house developed from the softer, more melodic end of Chicago house."},{"from":"garage-house","to":"deep-house","type":"influenced","note":"Soulful New York and New Jersey singing shaped the deep house sound."},{"from":"funk-boogie","to":"deep-house","type":"influenced","note":"Its smooth chords and bass playing come partly from boogie and soul."},{"from":"deep-house","to":"deep-tech","type":"fusion_of","note":"Deep tech takes the warm bass and chords of deep house."},{"from":"tech-house","to":"deep-tech","type":"fusion_of","note":"Its drums and simple structure come from tech house."},{"from":"electro-house","to":"dutch-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Dutch house grew from the loud electro house sound."},{"from":"detroit-techno","to":"dutch-house","type":"influenced","note":"Hard drum sounds and simple riffs come partly from Detroit techno."},{"from":"big-room","to":"edm","type":"evolved_from","note":"EDM kept the big-room drop and festival shape."},{"from":"electro-house","to":"edm","type":"evolved_from","note":"Its loud electronic sounds come from electro house."},{"from":"dutch-house","to":"edm","type":"influenced","note":"Dutch producers and labels shaped the mainstream sound."},{"from":"electro","to":"electro-house","type":"influenced","note":"The robotic, distorted sounds come from electro."},{"from":"french-house","to":"electro-house","type":"influenced","note":"The Paris scene that made French house also produced electro house."},{"from":"tech-house","to":"electro-house","type":"influenced","note":"Its club structure is close to tech house."},{"from":"disco","to":"french-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"French house is built from sampled disco records."},{"from":"chicago-house","to":"french-house","type":"influenced","note":"The house beat and club structure came from Chicago and New York."},{"from":"funk-boogie","to":"french-house","type":"influenced","note":"The bass and rhythm sounds are taken from funk and boogie."},{"from":"deep-house","to":"future-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Future house keeps the warm bass and chords of deep house."},{"from":"uk-garage","to":"future-house","type":"influenced","note":"Its swung drums recall UK garage rhythms."},{"from":"disco","to":"garage-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"New York club DJs kept disco alive and rebuilt it with drum machines."},{"from":"funk-boogie","to":"garage-house","type":"influenced","note":"Boogie and soul production gave garage house its warm, song-based feel."},{"from":"chicago-house","to":"ghetto-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Ghetto house is the raw, drum-machine side of Chicago house."},{"from":"acid-house","to":"ghetto-house","type":"influenced","note":"Some ghetto house tracks use acid-style bass lines."},{"from":"hip-hop-breaks","to":"ghetto-house","type":"influenced","note":"Its rapped vocals and explicit themes come partly from hip hop."},{"from":"hip-hop-breaks","to":"hip-house","type":"fusion_of","note":"Hip house is a direct mix of hip hop rapping and house beats."},{"from":"chicago-house","to":"hip-house","type":"fusion_of","note":"The house half of the sound came from Chicago."},{"from":"italo-disco","to":"italo-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Italo house took the melody and electronic style of Italo disco."},{"from":"chicago-house","to":"italo-house","type":"influenced","note":"The house beat and drum machine patterns came from Chicago."},{"from":"chicago-house","to":"jackin-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Jackin house is a later, sample-based form of Chicago house."},{"from":"ghetto-house","to":"jackin-house","type":"influenced","note":"It shares the raw Chicago energy and simple drums of ghetto house."},{"from":"deep-house","to":"jackin-house","type":"influenced","note":"Its warm, groovy bass is close to deep house."},{"from":"chicago-house","to":"kwaito","type":"influenced","note":"Kwaito grew from house music, slowed down and made local."},{"from":"deep-house","to":"kwaito","type":"fusion_of","note":"It mixed house beats with deep bass and soulful keyboards."},{"from":"hip-hop-breaks","to":"kwaito","type":"fusion_of","note":"Its rapped, slang-heavy vocals come from hip hop."},{"from":"deep-house","to":"lo-fi-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Lo-fi house keeps the warm chords and pace of deep house."},{"from":"ambient","to":"lo-fi-house","type":"influenced","note":"Its soft, hazy textures and sad mood come from ambient music."},{"from":"garage-house","to":"lo-fi-house","type":"influenced","note":"Sampled soulful vocals connect it to garage house."},{"from":"tech-house","to":"micro-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Microhouse took the groove of tech house and made it smaller and stranger."},{"from":"minimal-techno","to":"micro-house","type":"influenced","note":"The quiet, detailed feel comes partly from minimal techno."},{"from":"ambient","to":"micro-house","type":"influenced","note":"Its soft, close atmosphere shares ideas with ambient music."},{"from":"micro-house","to":"minimal-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Minimal house developed from the quieter, detailed microhouse sound."},{"from":"minimal-techno","to":"minimal-house","type":"influenced","note":"Its stripped-back approach comes partly from minimal techno."},{"from":"deep-house","to":"minimal-house","type":"influenced","note":"Warm bass and smooth chords are shared with deep house."},{"from":"disco","to":"nu-disco","type":"revival_of","note":"Nu-disco directly brought back the sound of 1970s disco."},{"from":"funk-boogie","to":"nu-disco","type":"influenced","note":"Boogie and early-1980s funk sounds are a large part of the style."},{"from":"italo-disco","to":"nu-disco","type":"influenced","note":"Cosmic synthesizer sounds come from Italo disco."},{"from":"deep-house","to":"organic-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Organic house is a soft, slow form of deep house."},{"from":"balearic","to":"organic-house","type":"influenced","note":"Its sunset mood and mixed, open style come from Balearic."},{"from":"afro-house","to":"organic-house","type":"influenced","note":"African percussion and spiritual chords are part of the sound."},{"from":"deep-house","to":"pop-deep-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"The sound is built on deep house chords and bass."},{"from":"uk-garage","to":"pop-deep-house","type":"influenced","note":"Its rhythm and swing come from UK garage and bass music."},{"from":"french-house","to":"pop-deep-house","type":"influenced","note":"Warm filtered chords connect it to French house."},{"from":"chicago-house","to":"progressive-house","type":"influenced","note":"The house beat and structure came from Chicago records."},{"from":"balearic","to":"progressive-house","type":"influenced","note":"The long, open-minded DJ sets of Balearic shaped the progressive approach."},{"from":"detroit-techno","to":"progressive-house","type":"influenced","note":"Calm, melodic Detroit techno gave progressive house its hypnotic side."},{"from":"minimal-house","to":"rominimal","type":"regional_variant","note":"Rominimal is the Romanian version of minimal house."},{"from":"minimal-techno","to":"rominimal","type":"influenced","note":"Its stripped-back, patient feel comes from minimal techno."},{"from":"garage-house","to":"soulful-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Soulful house grew from the vocal New York garage house sound."},{"from":"deep-house","to":"soulful-house","type":"fusion_of","note":"It mixes deep house grooves with soul and gospel singing."},{"from":"chicago-house","to":"soulful-house","type":"influenced","note":"It keeps the classic Chicago house beat."},{"from":"chicago-house","to":"tech-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Tech house keeps the groove and warmth of house."},{"from":"detroit-techno","to":"tech-house","type":"fusion_of","note":"Its clean machine sounds and structure come from techno."},{"from":"deep-house","to":"tech-house","type":"influenced","note":"Deep, rolling basslines are shared with deep house."},{"from":"chicago-house","to":"tribal-house","type":"evolved_from","note":"Tribal house grew from house music with added world rhythms."},{"from":"garage-house","to":"tribal-house","type":"influenced","note":"It shares the New York club feel of garage house."},{"from":"garage-house","to":"uk-garage","type":"evolved_from","note":"UK garage grew from American garage house records."},{"from":"jungle","to":"uk-garage","type":"influenced","note":"The speed and chopped drums of jungle shaped speed garage and 2-step."},{"from":"ragga-jungle","to":"uk-garage","type":"influenced","note":"Bass-heavy jungle sounds and vocal styles passed into UK garage."},{"from":"early-electronic","to":"ambient","type":"influenced","note":"Ambient uses the electronic instruments and studio ideas of early electronic music."},{"from":"krautrock","to":"ambient","type":"influenced","note":"German groups' long, calm electronic pieces shaped ambient."},{"from":"krautrock","to":"early-electronic","type":"influenced","note":"German experimental groups were central to early electronic music."},{"from":"industrial","to":"ebm","type":"evolved_from","note":"EBM grew from industrial music and added a dance beat."},{"from":"synth-pop","to":"ebm","type":"influenced","note":"It shares electronic instruments and song shapes with synth-pop."},{"from":"funk-boogie","to":"electro","type":"evolved_from","note":"Electro grew from funk and boogie but used drum machines."},{"from":"early-electronic","to":"electro","type":"influenced","note":"Kraftwerk's electronic sound was a direct influence."},{"from":"hip-hop-breaks","to":"electro","type":"influenced","note":"Electro shared its drum breaks and culture with hip hop."},{"from":"disco","to":"euro-disco","type":"evolved_from","note":"Euro-disco is the European branch of disco."},{"from":"synth-pop","to":"euro-disco","type":"influenced","note":"Its clean electronic sound comes from synth-pop."},{"from":"early-electronic","to":"euro-disco","type":"influenced","note":"Electronic instruments are central to its production."},{"from":"disco","to":"funk-boogie","type":"evolved_from","note":"Boogie grew from disco as it became more electronic."},{"from":"disco","to":"hi-nrg","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hi-NRG is a faster, more electronic form of disco."},{"from":"synth-pop","to":"hi-nrg","type":"influenced","note":"Its electronic production is close to synth-pop."},{"from":"funk-boogie","to":"hip-hop-breaks","type":"influenced","note":"The breaks come from funk and soul records."},{"from":"early-electronic","to":"industrial","type":"influenced","note":"Electronic instruments and tape experiments are central to industrial."},{"from":"krautrock","to":"industrial","type":"influenced","note":"Experimental German groups shaped industrial's use of noise and repetition."},{"from":"disco","to":"italo-disco","type":"evolved_from","note":"Italo disco is a European, electronic form of disco."},{"from":"synth-pop","to":"italo-disco","type":"influenced","note":"Synthesizers and drum machines are central to both styles."},{"from":"early-electronic","to":"italo-disco","type":"influenced","note":"Its electronic sound comes from early electronic music."},{"from":"ebm","to":"new-beat","type":"evolved_from","note":"New beat slowed down EBM records and made them heavier."},{"from":"acid-house","to":"new-beat","type":"influenced","note":"Slowed-down acid house records were a main ingredient."},{"from":"industrial","to":"new-beat","type":"influenced","note":"Its dark, hard sound comes partly from industrial music."},{"from":"early-electronic","to":"synth-pop","type":"influenced","note":"Synth-pop grew from early electronic music and its instruments."},{"from":"disco","to":"synth-pop","type":"influenced","note":"Its danceable electronic pop shares DNA with disco."},{"from":"krautrock","to":"synth-pop","type":"influenced","note":"German electronic groups showed how machines could make pop music."},{"from":"acid-house","to":"acid-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Acid techno takes the TB-303 sound from acid house."},{"from":"detroit-techno","to":"acid-techno","type":"fusion_of","note":"It moves the acid sound into a faster techno setting that began in Detroit."},{"from":"hard-techno","to":"acid-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its speed and force come from hard techno."},{"from":"detroit-techno","to":"ambient-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Ambient techno grew from the softer, melodic side of Detroit techno."},{"from":"ambient","to":"ambient-techno","type":"fusion_of","note":"It is a direct mix of ambient music and techno."},{"from":"early-electronic","to":"ambient-techno","type":"influenced","note":"The calm, electronic sound comes from early electronic music."},{"from":"detroit-techno","to":"berlin-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Detroit records were a main influence on early Berlin producers and clubs."},{"from":"dub-techno","to":"berlin-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Basic Channel and Chain Reaction made Berlin a home of dub techno."},{"from":"industrial","to":"berlin-techno","type":"influenced","note":"The city's industrial buildings and harsh sounds shaped the mood."},{"from":"detroit-techno","to":"bleep-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Bleep techno used the drum machine sound of Detroit techno."},{"from":"chicago-house","to":"bleep-techno","type":"influenced","note":"The dance beat and club structure came from Chicago house."},{"from":"dub","to":"bleep-techno","type":"influenced","note":"The heavy bass comes partly from Jamaican dub sound systems."},{"from":"electro","to":"detroit-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Detroit producers built on the drum machine sound of electro."},{"from":"funk-boogie","to":"detroit-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Funk and boogie bass and chords are at the heart of the style."},{"from":"synth-pop","to":"detroit-techno","type":"influenced","note":"European synth-pop and Kraftwerk shaped its futuristic sound."},{"from":"early-electronic","to":"detroit-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Kraftwerk and Giorgio Moroder were named by the founders as key influences."},{"from":"dub","to":"dub-techno","type":"fusion_of","note":"Dub techno is a direct mix of techno and Jamaican dub effects."},{"from":"detroit-techno","to":"dub-techno","type":"influenced","note":"The calm, melodic side of Detroit techno shaped it."},{"from":"ambient","to":"dub-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its soft, spacious feel is close to ambient music."},{"from":"electro","to":"electro-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Electro techno brings the old electro sound back into techno."},{"from":"detroit-techno","to":"electro-techno","type":"fusion_of","note":"Detroit techno already mixed electro and techno."},{"from":"acid-techno","to":"electro-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its raw machine sound is close to acid techno."},{"from":"acid-house","to":"free-tekno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Free tekno grew from acid house and the first rave sound."},{"from":"hardcore-techno","to":"free-tekno","type":"fusion_of","note":"It added the speed and hard kick of early hardcore."},{"from":"hard-techno","to":"free-tekno","type":"influenced","note":"Its hard, repetitive drive is close to hard techno."},{"from":"detroit-techno","to":"ghettotech","type":"evolved_from","note":"Ghettotech is a fast, vocal form of Detroit techno."},{"from":"ghetto-house","to":"ghettotech","type":"fusion_of","note":"It mixes Chicago ghetto house into the Detroit sound."},{"from":"electro","to":"ghettotech","type":"fusion_of","note":"Electro and Miami bass gave it its machine beats."},{"from":"afro-house","to":"gqom","type":"evolved_from","note":"Gqom grew from the South African house and afro house scene."},{"from":"kwaito","to":"gqom","type":"influenced","note":"It keeps the local, township feel of kwaito."},{"from":"deep-tech","to":"gqom","type":"influenced","note":"Its stripped, dark groove is close to deep tech."},{"from":"detroit-techno","to":"hard-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hard techno is a faster and louder form of the original Detroit techno."},{"from":"industrial","to":"hard-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its forceful, machine sounds come partly from industrial music."},{"from":"detroit-techno","to":"hardgroove","type":"influenced","note":"Hardgroove keeps the basic machine beat of Detroit techno."},{"from":"uk-techno","to":"hardgroove","type":"influenced","note":"It comes from the same British techno scene."},{"from":"funk-boogie","to":"hardgroove","type":"influenced","note":"Its swinging, funky drum feel comes from funk."},{"from":"minimal-techno","to":"hypnotic-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Hypnotic techno grew from the stripped-back, repeating side of minimal techno."},{"from":"dub-techno","to":"hypnotic-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its deep, echoing atmosphere is close to dub techno."},{"from":"ambient-techno","to":"hypnotic-techno","type":"influenced","note":"The calm, spacious side comes from ambient techno."},{"from":"industrial","to":"industrial-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Industrial techno grew from industrial music and its harsh sounds."},{"from":"uk-techno","to":"industrial-techno","type":"influenced","note":"The Birmingham dark techno sound is a direct ancestor."},{"from":"hard-techno","to":"industrial-techno","type":"fusion_of","note":"Its speed and force come from hard techno."},{"from":"detroit-techno","to":"japanese-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Japanese techno grew from the global techno sound, especially Detroit techno."},{"from":"berlin-techno","to":"japanese-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its dark, hypnotic side is close to Berlin techno."},{"from":"synth-pop","to":"japanese-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Japan's early electronic pop is one of its roots."},{"from":"detroit-techno","to":"lo-fi-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its warmth and simple melodies come from Detroit techno."},{"from":"acid-house","to":"lo-fi-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its rough drum-machine sound is close to acid house."},{"from":"electro","to":"lo-fi-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Some lo-fi techno uses electro beats and machine sounds."},{"from":"deep-house","to":"melodic-house-and-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Melodic house and techno uses the warm chords and bass of deep house."},{"from":"minimal-techno","to":"melodic-house-and-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its patient structure comes from minimal techno."},{"from":"progressive-house","to":"melodic-house-and-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Long builds and emotional melodies come from progressive house."},{"from":"detroit-techno","to":"minimal-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Minimal techno developed directly from Detroit techno."},{"from":"acid-techno","to":"minimal-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Some minimal records share the acid sound's simple, repeating lines."},{"from":"electro","to":"nortec","type":"fusion_of","note":"Nortec mixes electro and techno with Mexican music."},{"from":"detroit-techno","to":"nortec","type":"influenced","note":"Its electronic side comes from techno and electro."},{"from":"detroit-techno","to":"peak-time-techno","type":"evolved_from","note":"Peak-time techno is a direct, loud form of Detroit-rooted club techno."},{"from":"hard-techno","to":"peak-time-techno","type":"influenced","note":"It shares the speed and force of hard techno."},{"from":"big-room","to":"peak-time-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its big build-ups come from festival big room house."},{"from":"minimal-techno","to":"raw-deep-techno","type":"reaction_to","note":"Raw deep techno was partly a reaction against clean minimal techno."},{"from":"hardgroove","to":"raw-deep-techno","type":"influenced","note":"It shares hardgroove's loop-based, groove-led approach."},{"from":"detroit-techno","to":"raw-deep-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its warm, simple feel comes from Detroit techno."},{"from":"hard-techno","to":"schranz","type":"evolved_from","note":"Schranz is the fastest, hardest branch of German techno."},{"from":"detroit-techno","to":"schranz","type":"influenced","note":"It keeps the basic Detroit techno beat but makes it much faster and harder."},{"from":"industrial","to":"schranz","type":"influenced","note":"Its harsh, dry sound comes partly from industrial music."},{"from":"detroit-techno","to":"uk-techno","type":"influenced","note":"British producers were inspired by early Detroit records."},{"from":"industrial","to":"uk-techno","type":"influenced","note":"The harsh, noisy sound comes from industrial music."},{"from":"ebm","to":"uk-techno","type":"influenced","note":"The serious, machine-like feel is close to EBM."},{"from":"uk-techno","to":"warehouse-techno","type":"revival_of","note":"Warehouse techno brought back the hard British techno sound of the 1990s."},{"from":"breakbeat-hardcore","to":"warehouse-techno","type":"influenced","note":"Its broken beats and rough energy come from early rave and hardcore."},{"from":"industrial-techno","to":"warehouse-techno","type":"influenced","note":"The harsh, distorted sound is close to industrial techno."},{"from":"acid-house","to":"acid-trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Acid trance used the same TB-303 sound as Chicago acid house."},{"from":"trance","to":"acid-trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"It was one of the first styles inside the new trance scene."},{"from":"psytrance","to":"dark-psytrance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Dark psytrance is the darker, faster end of psytrance."},{"from":"trance","to":"dream-trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Dream trance is a soft, melodic form of trance."},{"from":"ambient","to":"dream-trance","type":"influenced","note":"Its calm mood is close to ambient and chillout music."},{"from":"deep-house","to":"dream-trance","type":"influenced","note":"It shares a warm, smooth house feel with deep house."},{"from":"psytrance","to":"full-on","type":"evolved_from","note":"Full-on is the high-energy Israeli branch of psytrance."},{"from":"trance","to":"goa-trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Goa trance was an early branch of the trance scene."},{"from":"ebm","to":"goa-trance","type":"influenced","note":"The first Goa DJs played EBM records before local electronic music existed."},{"from":"new-beat","to":"goa-trance","type":"influenced","note":"New beat was part of the mix played at early Goa parties."},{"from":"trance","to":"ibiza-trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Ibiza trance is the warm, melodic side of trance."},{"from":"balearic","to":"ibiza-trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"It grew from the relaxed Balearic beat played in Ibiza clubs."},{"from":"ambient","to":"ibiza-trance","type":"influenced","note":"Its soft pads and atmosphere borrow from ambient music."},{"from":"psytrance","to":"progressive-psytrance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Progressive psytrance is a slower, rolling branch of psytrance."},{"from":"progressive-trance","to":"progressive-psytrance","type":"fusion_of","note":"It shares the slow build and rolling groove of progressive trance."},{"from":"trance","to":"progressive-trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Progressive trance was a slower, smoother branch of trance."},{"from":"progressive-house","to":"progressive-trance","type":"fusion_of","note":"It took its long builds and smooth bass from progressive house."},{"from":"goa-trance","to":"psytrance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Psytrance grew directly out of the Goa trance scene."},{"from":"trance","to":"psytrance","type":"evolved_from","note":"It is part of the wider trance family."},{"from":"psytrance","to":"suomisaundi","type":"evolved_from","note":"Suomisaundi is a Finnish branch of psytrance."},{"from":"goa-trance","to":"suomisaundi","type":"influenced","note":"Early Finnish parties played Goa trance from the previous season."},{"from":"acid-trance","to":"suomisaundi","type":"influenced","note":"Suomisaundi takes some influence from acid trance."},{"from":"trance","to":"tech-trance","type":"fusion_of","note":"Tech trance keeps the builds and melody of trance."},{"from":"berlin-techno","to":"tech-trance","type":"fusion_of","note":"It takes its hard drums and dark drive from the German techno tradition."},{"from":"detroit-techno","to":"trance","type":"fusion_of","note":"Trance grew from the steady electronic beat of techno, including Detroit techno. "},{"from":"acid-house","to":"trance","type":"fusion_of","note":"House music, especially acid house, gave trance its four-to-the-floor dance beat."},{"from":"ambient","to":"trance","type":"influenced","note":"Ambient music shaped trance's soft, wide atmosphere."},{"from":"new-beat","to":"trance","type":"influenced","note":"The Belgian new beat sound was played at early European trance clubs."},{"from":"progressive-trance","to":"uplifting-trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Uplifting trance grew from the progressive trance wave of the 1990s."},{"from":"trance","to":"uplifting-trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"It is the most popular branch of the wider trance family."},{"from":"trance","to":"vocal-trance","type":"evolved_from","note":"Vocal trance is trance music with a full lead vocal added."},{"from":"eurodance","to":"vocal-trance","type":"influenced","note":"Vocal trance shares its sung choruses with Eurodance, and the two styles are often compared."},{"from":"uk-garage","to":"2-step-garage","type":"evolved_from","note":"2-step is a subgenre of UK garage."},{"from":"speed-garage","to":"2-step-garage","type":"evolved_from","note":"It developed from speed garage by dropping the straight four-to-the-floor beat."},{"from":"speed-garage","to":"bassline","type":"evolved_from","note":"Bassline grew from the speed garage played in northern clubs."},{"from":"uk-garage","to":"bassline","type":"evolved_from","note":"It is part of the UK garage family."},{"from":"grime","to":"bassline","type":"influenced","note":"Later bassline tracks took ideas from grime and dubstep."},{"from":"uk-garage","to":"dubstep","type":"evolved_from","note":"Dubstep grew directly out of UK garage."},{"from":"2-step-garage","to":"dubstep","type":"evolved_from","note":"It kept the sparse, syncopated 2-step rhythm."},{"from":"drum-and-bass","to":"dubstep","type":"influenced","note":"Its heavy bass and dark mood come partly from drum and bass."},{"from":"dub","to":"dubstep","type":"influenced","note":"Its echo and space come from Jamaican dub."},{"from":"2-step-garage","to":"future-garage","type":"evolved_from","note":"Future garage brings back the 2-step garage rhythm."},{"from":"dubstep","to":"future-garage","type":"influenced","note":"It came from the post-dubstep scene and keeps some of its atmosphere."},{"from":"uk-garage","to":"future-garage","type":"influenced","note":"Its vocals and swing come from UK garage."},{"from":"uk-garage","to":"grime","type":"evolved_from","note":"Grime developed from the UK garage scene."},{"from":"2-step-garage","to":"grime","type":"evolved_from","note":"It kept the broken rhythms of 2-step while dropping its soulful side."},{"from":"jungle","to":"grime","type":"influenced","note":"Its speed and broken beats come partly from jungle."},{"from":"hip-hop-breaks","to":"grime","type":"influenced","note":"Its MC-led style comes from hip hop."},{"from":"dubstep","to":"riddim","type":"evolved_from","note":"Riddim is a subgenre of dubstep."},{"from":"dub","to":"riddim","type":"influenced","note":"Its name and repeating bass patterns come from Jamaican dub and dancehall."},{"from":"uk-garage","to":"speed-garage","type":"evolved_from","note":"Speed garage is the faster, bass-heavy form of UK garage."},{"from":"garage-house","to":"speed-garage","type":"fusion_of","note":"It is sped-up New York garage house."},{"from":"jungle","to":"speed-garage","type":"influenced","note":"Its basslines and effects come from jungle."},{"from":"dubstep","to":"uk-bass","type":"evolved_from","note":"UK bass grew out of the dubstep scene and its later changes."},{"from":"grime","to":"uk-bass","type":"evolved_from","note":"It shares the sparse, bass-led sound of grime."},{"from":"uk-funky","to":"uk-bass","type":"evolved_from","note":"It mixes in the house and funky rhythms of UK funky."},{"from":"uk-garage","to":"uk-bass","type":"influenced","note":"Its swing and vocal chops come from UK garage."},{"from":"uk-garage","to":"uk-funky","type":"evolved_from","note":"UK funky has clear rhythmic and vocal links to UK garage."},{"from":"garage-house","to":"uk-funky","type":"influenced","note":"Its soulful, vocal house sound comes partly from garage house."},{"from":"afro-house","to":"uk-funky","type":"influenced","note":"Its African percussion is close to afro 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